(TIỂU LUẬN) the proportion of k17 FMT students have taken a part time job

HANOI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM oOo - EFFECTS OF PART-TIME JOBS ON HANU’S K17 STUDENTS’ STUDYING Lecturer: Ms Tran Kim Anh Tutor: Ms Tran Kim Anh Tutorial: Tut - BA Students: Lê Thị Hà - 1706090021 Lê Mỹ Linh - 1704040059 Trần Thị Thu - 1704040112 Nguyễn Thị Vân Anh - 1704000013 Nguyễn Thùy Lan - 1704000065 Đỗ Hồng Phong - 1706090061 Vũ Hoài Thu - 1706090080 Trần Thu Uyên - 1704000119 Subject: i Probability and Statistics TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract iv 1.Introduction 2.Research methodology a Population and Sample: b Questionnaire design c Sample size d Sampling method e Data collection f Data processing g Level of significance 3.Descriptive results and Findings 4.Results and findings of the hypothesis testing 11 a Assumption 12 b Hypothesis Testing Procedure 13 5.Project evaluations 14 a Limitation 14 b Implication 15 6.Conclusion and Recommendations 15 REFERENCES 17 APPENDIX A 18 APPENDIX B 19 APPENDIX C 22 APPENDIX D 24 APPENDIX E 28 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure The proportion of K17 FMT students have taken a part-time job Figure The proportion of K17 FMT students is taking a part-time job Figure The reasons why K17 FMT students work part-time Figure The relation between majors and part-time job of K17 FMT students Figure 5: The effect of the part-time job on K17 FMT students’ performance at university Figure 6: The effect level of some main factors impact on K17 FMT students’ decision of doing a part-time job Figure 7: K17 FMT students’ GPA last semester 10 Figure 8: The proportion of K17 FMT students can balance between studying and working 11 iii Abstract Up to now, Vietnam has been known as a country with an abundant human resource and the number of people who are in working-age is increasing rapidly College students, in particular, have been very active to join in the labor force market since they were freshmen at university Thus, doing a part-time job can no longer be seen as a small phenomenon and it is gradually becoming an indispensable part of students’ life Recognizing the popularity of having a part-time job among students, we have conducted a small scale study within Hanoi University to analyze as well as assess various issues related to FMT’s students We carry out this project with the purpose of showing different views of students about part-time jobs and whether they are good or bad for them Hopefully, our research will be a useful reference and ideally provides practical recommendations to put this project into reality iv Introduction For current students, doing part-time job is really familiar Because most universities are training in the form of credits, the students can completely take the initiative in arranging their schedule in a suitable way and still spend time working It can be considered that there are numerous reasons for college students to choose to part-time jobs instead of other activities to devote their free time to According to an article in 2015 on kenh14.vn, by having a part-time job, students can earn more money for daily expenses and studying, gain more hands-on experience and widen their social network Moreover, the information given in the latest report by HSBC about education stated that the proportion of students in the world going to work is very high, out of students (83%) work and study at the same time, mostly because they need to make more money (53%) They also emphasized that students around the world spend an average of 3.4 hours a day doing extra work, compared to 2.7 hours on campus or group study These studies have shown the current status of students working part-time at university along with many different effects on their studying and life Therefore, we try to dig deep into this problem in our research, which focuses on the frequency of doing part-time jobs among students and how they balance their study and work In order to figure out the issue, we have analyzed the data collected from the survey about the effects of doing part-time jobs among students with the sample size of 100 students chosen randomly from FMT’s K17 students, who are from different majors Each student answered questions in the questionnaire designed for the purpose of using hypothesis testing and descriptive statistics to identify their choices From the collected result, we suggest some recommendations on the improvement of our project Research methodology a Population and Sample: In this paper, our main purpose is to illustrate how part-time jobs affect students’ GPA, so we focus on students who have involved in part-time jobs and see how they will impact students’ learning outcomes The population of the project is aimed at students of the Faculty of Management and Tourism (FMT) at Hanoi University; therefore, we chose randomly a sample of 100 students from K17 FMT b Questionnaire design Our questionnaire consists of 12 questions which are designed to figure out what aspects of partaking in part-time jobs affect their studying results Therefore, the respondents gave the answers based on their real and available experiences In particular, the first three questions in our survey aimed at obtaining the personal details of students regarding name, ID and major Then we designed a list of following questions to get information serving for the Hypothesis testing and descriptive statistics of our project: 1) Have you ever taken a part-time job? 2) Currently, are you working part-time? 3) Why you choose to a part-time job? 4) Is your part-time job related to your major at school? 5) Is your performance at university affected by a part-time job? 6) Effect level of some factors affecting your decision of doing a part-time job 7) How they affect your studying results? 8) What is your GPA last semester? 9) Can you balance between studying and working? (If yes, how? If no, why?) Obviously, in the first two questions, we want to know whether he/she has been involving in a part-time job so far If a student is not working anything, he/she could skip from question to question and continue with question 8, because we just focus on people involving in part-time jobs In the third question, it is to get information about their purposes of working besides learning Question number is put whether their parttime job related to their major at school or not Next, from question to 8, we ask about which factors affecting their performance at university and how they affect them so we can evaluate whether they are positive or negative impacts The last question is to know whether they can balance between working and studying as well as to illustrate what problems they face with and how they find out solutions This form of questions designed on the quick survey is tied to the purpose and assumption of the report to get the most realistic and meaningful results for our evaluation c Sample size In terms of the population, we know that if the sample size is large, it may be more effective However, the population of current students in FMT is quite too large, which causes several difficulties for us because we have limited time and many respondents are unwilling to fill in the survey Therefore, our team has jumped to the decision of working on a sample of 100 students in FMT The sample is small in comparison with the total population, but it is considered to be large enough for us and applicable to carry out the test and achieve the overall objectives of our report The list of respondents is represented in the Appendix of this report d Sampling method Since the population is quite large, simple random sampling was used as the best method We took advantage of the R studio to acquire randomly 100 students in the Faculty of Management and Tourism department, which includes four majors In detail, there are 21 Business Administration department’s students, 27 Tourism Management department’s students, 27 Finance and Banking department's students, and 25 Accounting department's students e Data collection After completing the questionnaire design and choosing the sample, we distributed the survey in a doc form and spread it through groups on Facebook so that all students who were released by simple random sampling method could fill in the form In the beginning, we believed this way might be effective as respondents just need to spend about minute to fulfill the form However, this method was not really as fast and convenient as we expected because there were cases that some students were not online or even ignored it, skipped the survey on their screen To deal with these situations, we had to find the contacts and met them directly in order to ask them to answer the questionnaire Finally, all the information was transferred into an Excel file so that we could save the form and started illustrating the statistics f Data processing After finishing the data collection – the first step in data processing, we gather all the answers from respondents and begin the next step – data preparation, in which we have to check all the information to make sure there are no errors In fact, there are still some mistakes that students make when filling in the form such as several respondents submitted twice or some answers were not recorded/noted down in our form The purpose of this step is to eliminate incorrect data and begin to create high–quality data for the best evaluation Then, we complete the data processing by moving to the data output stage Particularly, with each question, we have an answer with specific data and based on these data, we transfer these numbers into bar charts, pie charts or graphs through Excel g Level of significance As mentioned above, the sample size is small in comparison with the population, based on what we have learned and in order to make it easier and more convenient to evaluate a part-time job’s effects on students' GPA, we choose the level of significance to be 5% Descriptive results and Findings Question 1: Have you ever taken a part-time job? Figure The proportion of K17 FMT students have taken a part-time job With the aim of getting to know more about the working part-time activity of K17 FMT students, we have designed a question to classify them into two types, which are “having worked part-time” and “not having work ed part-time” According to the answers we received, the figure above illustrates the ratio of these two groups As we can see, students who have never taken part in a part-time job occupied one-fourth of the 100 selected students in our sample, and the rest (75%) claimed that they had worked parttime at least once Question 2: Currently, are you working part-time? Figure The proportion of K17 FMT students is taking a part-time job In the next question in the survey we conducted, we asked the K17 FMT students who had worked part-time whether they were continuing their job or not It is clearly seen in the pie chart that the difference in the number of students between the groups with the answers “yes” and “no” was not too much The proportion of the first group answered “yes” which mean they were still working part-time was 55%, and the rest with nearly a half of the surveyed students refused to continue working part-time after they had had some time of working experience Question 3: Why you choose to a part-time job? Figure The reasons why K17 FMT students work part-time To fathom the motivation for choosing working part-time job after class of K17 FMT students, there were options given in the survey for the question “Why you choose to a part-time job?” which were financial problems, interests and experiences The bar chart shows the reasons why the students a part-time job As observations, the numbers of students who had chosen the three different reasons were not similar Being the most selected choice among the three, gaining experiences seemed to be the most popular motivation with nearly 60 selections Ranking in the 2nd position was financial problems with a slight distinction of choices The smallest figure belonged to the interests with only over 33 among 100 students in the sample b Implication Briefly, this project, with the participation of 100 K17 students in Hanoi University from different majors: Finance and Banking, Tourism, Business Administration and Accounting, determines partially the number of K17 students working part-time and the influence of it on their studying However, computed from the hypothesis result, it can be seen that there is enough evidence to conclude that less than 78% of HANU's K17 students are working a part-time job and the limitations are unavoidable, but the survey still figures out a comprehensive assessment about this issue Firstly, there is a large number of the students who have a part-time job (more than 60% of the total) There are some typical reasons why they choose to a part-time job: financial problems, interests, experiences and relationship After the survey, there is a fact that most students pay more attention to experiences than the rest, and financial problems are the second one which proves that K17 students doing a part-time job to obtain experiences at first, then earn money (from the figure 3) Secondly, we investigate the effects of this issue and realize that doing a part-time job is believed to have two sides: positives and negatives Our project is to determine how their GPA will be influenced when part-time jobs are a part of their college life Surprisingly, although a majority of them are having a parrt-time job, most students have quite good GPA (from 6-7 has the highest percentage, the figures for 5-6 and 7-8 are the same) Normally, almost all of the students saying "Yes" to the question: "Can you balance between studying and working?" have a stable GPA and the most common reason is that they can control their timetable and arrange their plans plausibly Since some are not capable of managing their schedule or focus too much on working and ignore their studying (taken data from question 10), the rest give the answer "No", as we can see in the figure In conclusion, doing part-time job is a good thing if it is controlled well and students should take some action to solve the imbalance between studying and working to better both of them Conclusion and Recommendations To sum up, less than 78% of K17’s students are working part-time and most of them that to gain hands-on experience, which would provide them an advantage edge when they enter the labor force market in the near future Other than that, they also stated that the salary is also the thing that they concern when deciding to apply for a job Moreover, since many of them work part-time as a tool to fullfil their interests, a large majority of 15 the students are now having a job that is not related to their majors at Hanoi University Furthermore, although more than half of the individuals of HANU K17’s students are able to balance between studying and working (mainly by strictly follow a reasonable timetable), those who suppose that working part-time just affect their studying slightly only account for a mere figure Therefore, we can confidently claim that part-time jobs have several negative impacts on students’ studying However, to our surprise, the GPA of the surveyed students are quite high and stable, which would somehow prove that those individuals are capable of managing their time effectively and efficiently In the future research, it is advised that researchers should conduct a larger scale project to get to know more about HANU’s student’s working and studying situation so that they can come up with some applicable solutions to help students balance well They also need to transcend some difficulties on the sample to obtain the most accurate results 16 REFERENCES Trang, 15, “Lý bạn nên làm thêm sinh viên” Available at URL http://kenh14.vn/hoc-duong/ly-do-ban-nen-di-lam-them-khi-con-la-sinh-vien2015030109359316.chn (Accessed 26 April, 2019) Dantri.com.vn, 18, “Sinh viên đại học làm thêm nhiều học, sao?” Available at URL from https://dantri.com.vn/viec-lam/sinh-vien-dai-hoc-di-lam-themnhieu-hon-di-hoc-vi-sao-20180803085024689.ht (Accessed 26 April, 2019) Nces.ed.gov, no date, “College Student Employment” Available at URL https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/pdf/coe_ssa.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3SMv8YfV5EP N_WvyK7Ki4z254Gkrp2IoRGU56YNqMZ8UzfFkuim6K0xV4 (Accessed 26 April, 2019) 17 APPENDIX A Project bonus mark form Probability and Statistics, Spring 2019 Our group would like to to be considered for bonus mark for doing substantial additional work We have completed the following parts of the project using R programming language: Part Where to find the R Where to find the R code (e.g: Appendix output (e.g: Appendix A) A) Yes Appendix E Appendix E Yes Appendix E Appendix E Completed (Yes/No) Data preprocessing (e.g: reading data file, converting relevant variables into factors) Sampling method Graphical descriptive methods (including graphs for checking test’s assumptions) Numerical descriptive methods Inferential methods 18 APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRE: EFFECTS OF PART-TIME JOBS ON HANU’S K17 STUDENTS’ STUDYING Dear HANU’s K17 students, We are a group of students from Faculty of Management and Tourism (FMT), Hanoi University We are conducting a survey about the effects of part-time jobs on HANU’s K17 students’ studying The final result of the questionnaire will be used for our project in Probability and Statistics All of the given information will be used for academic purposes only Thank you for partaking in our survey! I General information: Your name * : Your ID * : Your major * : o FB o AC o BA o TR II Questions: Have you ever taken a part-time job? * (If NO, move question o Yes o No Currently, are you working part-time? o Yes o No 19 Why you choose to part-time job? o Financial problems o Interests o Experiences o Other Is your part-time job related to your major at school? o Yes o No Is your performance at university affected by the part-time job? Slightly o o o o o Seriously Effect level of some factors affecting your decision of doing a part-time job Working environment Distance between accommodation and work Working time Wage How they affect your studying results: Positive Negative What is your GPA last semester? * o 8 Can you balance between studying and working? * o Yes o No If yes, how? If no, why? 21 APPENDIX C QUESTIONNAIRE RESULT Have you ever taken a part-time job? Answers Number Yes 75 No 25 Currently, are you working part-time? Answers Number Yes 55 No 20 Why you choose to part-time job? Answers Number Financial problems 52 Interest 33 Experiences 58 Relationships Is your part-time job related to your major at school? Answers Number Yes 31 No 44 Is your performance at university affected by the part-time job? Slightly 11 17 28 18 22 Seriously Effect level of some factors affecting your decision of doing a part-time job Working environment 19 24 29 Distance between accommodation and 10 36 24 Working time 11 29 34 Wage 10 38 26 work How they affect your studying results: Positive 13 41 14 Negative 14 16 38 What is your GPA last semester? GPA Number 8 Can you balance between studying and working? Answers Number Yes 49 No 26 23 APPENDIX D LIST OF RESPONDENTS (SAMPLE) No Name Student ID Major Dang Ngoc Quynh Trang 1606090087 Tourism Ly Vu Thai An 1706090001 Tourism Dinh Thi Ngoc Anh 1706090004 Tourism Duong Manh Cuong 1706090011 Tourism Ta Thi Cham 1706090012 Tourism Nguyen Thi Bao Chau 1706090013 Tourism Doan Thi Dung 1706090015 Tourism Le My Duyen 1706090017 Tourism Nguyen Thi Tra Giang 1706090019 Tourism 10 Pham Minh Hieu 1706090024 Tourism 11 Nguyen Hong Le 1706090034 Tourism 12 Nguyen Phuong Linh 1706090039 Tourism 13 Nguyen Thi Mai 1706090046 Tourism 14 Nguyen Thi Yen Nga 1706090048 Tourism 15 Trinh Thi Nga 1706090049 Tourism 16 Nguyen Bich Ngoc 1706090051 Tourism 17 Nguyen Huyen Nhung 1706090058 Tourism 18 Ly Thi Kim Oanh 1706090060 Tourism 19 Luu Phuong Thao 1706090071 Tourism 20 Phung Thi Hong Thao 1706090076 Tourism 21 Vu Hoai Thu 1706090080 Tourism 22 Nguyen Thi Thuy 1706090081 Tourism 23 Le Thi Kieu Trang 1706090087 Tourism 24 Le Thi Tu Uyen 1706090093 Tourism 25 Pham Mai Uyen 1706090094 Tourism 26 Dinh Thi Thu Yen 1706090097 Tourism 27 Nguyen Hong Minh 1806090069 Tourism 28 Hoang Nhat Anh 1704040003 Finance and Banking 29 Nguyen Tuan Anh 1704040009 Finance and Banking 24 30 Phan Nguyet Anh 1704040012 Finance and Banking 31 Chu Thi Linh Chi 1704040016 Finance and Banking 32 Nguyen Linh Chi 1704040017 Finance and Banking 33 Vu Thi Yen Chi 1704040019 Finance and Banking 34 Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diem 1704040020 Finance and Banking 35 Nham Thuy Hang 1704040033 Finance and Banking 36 Ngo Thi Hien 1704040035 Finance and Banking 37 Cung Van Hien 1704040039 Finance and Banking 38 Le Thi Hieu 1704040040 Finance and Banking 39 Pham Duc Hieu 1704040041 Finance and Banking 40 Nguyen Thu Huyen 1704040047 Finance and Banking 41 Nguyen Thi Thu Huong 1704040051 Finance and Banking 42 Nguyen Ngoc Quoc Khanh 1704040054 Finance and Banking 43 Hoang Thi Bich Lua 1704040068 Finance and Banking 44 Nguyen Huong Ly 1704040069 Finance and Banking 45 Dang My Phuong 1704040096 Finance and Banking 46 Dang Ngoc Quynh 1704040100 Finance and Banking 47 Nguyen Thi Diem Quynh 1704040102 Finance and Banking 48 Nguyen Anh Tu 1704040106 Finance and Banking 49 Tran Van Thanh 1704040108 Finance and Banking 50 Bui Thi Thu Thao 1704040110 Finance and Banking 51 Hoang Thi Phuong Thuy 1704040113 Finance and Banking 52 Le Thi Trang 1704040119 Finance and Banking 53 Nguyen Thanh Trung 1704040127 Finance and Banking 54 Bui Hong Hai My 1504000062 Business Administration 55 Pham Viet Phuong Anh 1704000017 Business Administration 56 Do Nhat Bang 1704000023 Business Administration 57 Dang Phuong Duyen 1704000032 Business Administration 58 Nguyen Thi Hang 1704000045 Business Administration 59 Luong Thu Hien 1704000048 Business Administration 60 Tran Thanh Hien 1704000049 Business Administration 61 Nguyen Khanh Linh Hoa 1704000051 Business Administration 25 62 Nguyen Duy Hoang 1704000052 Business Administration 63 Nguyen Thi Hue 1704000053 Business Administration 64 Nguyen Thuy Lan 1704000065 Business Administration 65 Nguyen Phuong Linh 1704000073 Business Administration 66 Pham Thi Thao Linh 1704000075 Business Administration 67 Tran Duc Long 1704000079 Business Administration 68 Bui Hong Ly 1704000080 Business Administration 69 Nguyen Thi Ngoc 1704000088 Business Administration 70 Nguyen Thi Nhung 1704000093 Business Administration 71 Pham Thi Ha Phuong 1704000095 Business Administration 72 Vu Ngoc Thanh Thao 1704000107 Business Administration 73 Nguyen Thi Them 1704000109 Business Administration 74 Do Minh Trang 1704000114 Business Administration 75 Vo Hong Phuong Vi 1704000123 Business Administration 76 Le Thi Lan Anh 1704010002 Accounting 77 Nong Thi Chi 1704010015 Accounting 78 Nguyen Thai Ha 1704010029 Accounting 79 Nguyen Thi Phuong Hang 1704010039 Accounting 80 Hoang Thi Hien 1704010040 Accounting 81 Nguyen Thi Hien 1704010042 Accounting 82 Pham Thi Huyen 1704010050 Accounting 83 Phi Thi Khanh Huyen 1704010051 Accounting 84 Phung Thi Thu Huyen 1704010052 Accounting 85 Vu Thi Dieu Huyen 1704010053 Accounting 86 Nguyen Thi Khanh Linh 1704010066 Accounting 87 Ngo Huyen Nga 1704010073 Accounting 88 Ngo Minh Nga 1704010074 Accounting 89 Le Thu Phuong 1704010084 Accounting 90 Nguyen Thuy Quynh 1704010091 Accounting 91 Lam Phuong Thao 1704010097 Accounting 92 Nguyen Thi Kim Thoa 1704010098 Accounting 93 Tran Thi Thoi 1704010099 Accounting 26 94 Bui Thu Thuy 1704010103 Accounting 95 Tran Thi Thuy 1704010107 Accounting 96 Hoang Thi Kieu Trang 1704010110 Accounting 97 Luu Thi Thuy Trang 1704010111 Accounting 98 Than Thi Huyen Trang 1704010117 Accounting 99 Nguyen My Uyen 1704010122 Accounting 100 Nguyen Thuy Vi 1704010125 Accounting 27 APPENDIX E R CODE AND OUTPUT Sample Input: > setwd("D:/ProjectSTA") > getwd() [1] "D:/ProjectSTA" > data1 sample(400,100,replace=FALSE) Output: [1] 12 193 42 171 271 273 163 182 113 330 328 226 327 386 69 186 94 52 177 167 60 118 [24] 20 14 307 124 98 41 174 329 84 284 138 396 127 214 391 399 166 208 277 65 367 79 [47] 261 96 116 173 80 44 379 223 229 242 111 318 360 29 101 385 16 129 204 249 [70] 320 251 263 99 100 350 10 286 373 227 375 74 298 39 230 139 349 383 68 252 374 [93] 88 258 247 50 317 117 231 343 34 83 Hypothesis Test: Input: > prop.test(55, 100, p=0.78, alternative = "less", correct = FALSE) Output: 1-sample proportions test without continuity correction data: 55 out of 100, null probability 0.78 X-squared = 30.828, df = 1, p-value = 1.41e-08 alternative hypothesis: true p is less than 0.78 95 percent confidence interval: 28 0.000000 0.629439 sample estimates: p 0.55 29 ... LIST OF FIGURES Figure The proportion of K17 FMT students have taken a part- time job Figure The proportion of K17 FMT students is taking a part- time job Figure The reasons why K17 FMT students. .. results and Findings Question 1: Have you ever taken a part- time job? Figure The proportion of K17 FMT students have taken a part- time job With the aim of getting to know more about the working part- time. .. you part- time job related to your major at school? Figure The relation between majors and part- time job of K17 FMT students After knowing the motivation of K17 FMT students, another question was