smart graphene oxide based composite materials and their electric and magnetic stimuli response

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 64 – 70 6XVWDLQDEOH&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ6WUXFWXUHVDQG&RQVWUXFWLRQ0DWHULDOV6&(6&0 6PDUWJUDSKHQHR[LGHEDVHGFRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOVDQG WKHLUHOHFWULFDQGPDJQHWLFVWLPXOLUHVSRQVH 6KDQJ+DR3LDRD+\RXQJ-LQ&KRLD  a Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea $EVWUDFW &RPSDUHGWRJUDSKHQHWKHIXQFWLRQDOJURXSVRIJUDSKHQHR[LGH*2ZLGHQLWVDSSOLFDWLRQDORQJZLWKLWV*2EDVHGFRPSRVLWHVLQ YDULRXVHQJLQHHULQJDUHDV+HUHZHEULHIO\UHYLHZWKHLUUHODWLYHO\QHZDSSOLFDWLRQVWRWKHDUHDVRIERWKHOHFWURUKHRORJLFDO(5 DQGPDJQHWRUKHRORJLFDO05IOXLGVXQGHUH[WHUQDOHOHFWULFRUPDJQHWLFILHOGVUHVSHFWLYHO\ZKHQWKH\DUHGLVSHUVHGLQHOHFWULFDOO\ RUPDJQHWLFDOO\LQHUWPHGLXPIOXLGV$OOWKH*2FRPSRVLWHVDUHIRXQGWRH[KLELWLPSURYHG(5FKDUDFWHULVWLFVFRPSDUHGWRWKDWRI SXUH*2ZKLOHWKH*2FDQEHDGRSWHGDVHLWKHUDFRDWLQJOD\HURUDQDGGLWLYHLQWKHFDUERQ\OLURQEDVHG05IOXLGV © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI6&(6&0 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016 Keywords:*UDSKHQHR[LGH*2EDVHGFRPSRVLWHVHOHFWURUKHRORJLFDOPDJQHWRUKHRORJLFDO ,QWURGXFWLRQ %RWKHOHFWURUKHRORJLFDO(5DQGPDJQHWRUKHRORJLFDO05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mail address:KMFKRL#LQKDDFNU 1877-7058 © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.310 65 Shang Hao Piao and Hyoung Jin Choi / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 64 – 70 EHLQJUHPRYHG>@$VWKHFRQWUROODEOHDQGUHYHUVLEOHSKDVHWUDQVLWLRQDOPDWHULDOVWKH(5DQG05IOXLGVKDYH EHHQDSSOLHGIRUDUDQJHRILQGXVWULDODSSOLFDWLRQVLQWKHDUHDVRIHOHFWURPHFKDQLFDORUPDJQHWRPHFKDQLFDOFRQWURO GHYLFHVVXFKDVYLEUDWLRQGDPSHUVPLFURIOXLGLFVDQGVKRFNDEVRUEHUV>@ &RQFXUUHQWO\ZKLOHPDLQWDLQLQJWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIJUDSKHQHJUDSKHQHR[LGH*2DVLQJOHOD\HUHGH[IROLDWHG JUDSKLWHR[LGHIURPJUDSKLWHIDEULFDWHGWKURXJKPHFKDQLFDORUFKHPLFDOPHWKRGVKDVDWWUDFWHGVLJQLILFDQWLQWHUHVWVDV RQHRIWKHPRVWLQWHUHVWLQJIXQFWLRQDOPDWHULDOVZLWKORZHUHOHFWULFDOFRQGXFWLYLW\UHODWLYHO\KLJKSRODUL]DELOLW\ORZ FRVWDQGVFDODEOHSURGXFWLRQZKLOHPDLQWDLQLQJWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIJUDSKHQHLQERWKDFDGHPLDDQGLQGXVWULHV> @7KHSUHVHQFHRIWKHIXQFWLRQDOJURXSVSURYLGHV*2VKHHWVDPSKLSKLOLFZLWKORZHUHOHFWULFDOFRQGXFWLYLW\ZKLFK LVDSSURSULDWHIRULWVHOHFWURUKHRORJLFDO(5DSSOLFDWLRQ>@,QDGGLWLRQLWVJRRGK\GURSKLOLFSURSHUWLHVGXHWR WKHSUHVHQFHRIR[\JHQIXQFWLRQDOK\GURSKLOLFJURXSVVXFKDVK\GUR[\OFDUERQ\ODQGFDUER[\OJURXSVQRWRQO\PDNHV *2UHDGLO\GLVSHUVLEOHLQZDWHUWRIRUPVWDEOHFROORLGDOVXVSHQVLRQEXWDOVRIDFLOLWDWHVWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRI*2EDVHG FRPSRVLWHV LQ VROXWLRQ >@ 7KHUHIRUH JUDSKHQH*2VXSSRUWHG PDWHULDOV KDYH DWWUDFWHG VLJQLILFDQW LQWHUHVW IRU IDVFLQDWLQJERWK(5DQG05HIIHFWV7KHLOOXVWUDWLRQRIWKH(5RU05PHFKDQLVPRIWKHFKDLQIRUPDWLRQLQWKH(5 DQG05IOXLGVLVVKRZQLQ)LJ   )LJD6FKHPDWLFGLDJUDPRIWKH*2EDVHGFRPSRVLWHVIOXLGH[KLELWLQJDSKDVHWUDQVLWLRQIURPDOLTXLGOLNHWRDVROLGOLNHVWDWHXQGHUDQ DSSOLHGHOHFWULFRUPDJQHWLFILHOG  $V IRU (5 V\VWHPV YDULRXV *2EDVHG SRO\PHULF FRPSRVLWHV ZLWK SRO\DQLOLQH FRSRO\DQLOLQH DQG SRO\S SKHQ\OHQHGLDPLQH DORQJ ZLWK FRUH±VKHOO VWUXFWXUHG SRO\PHU±*2 PLFURVSKHULFDO SDUWLFOHV ZLWK SRO\PHWK\O PHWKDFU\ODWHSRO\JO\FLG\OPHWKDFU\ODWHDQGSRO\VW\UHQH36KDYHEHHQUHFHQWO\UHSRUWHG>@1DQRFRPSRVLWHV RI*2ZLWKYDULRXVLQRUJDQLFSDUWLFOHVVXFKDVWLWDQLDVLOLFDDQGDOXPLQDDUHDOVRDWWHPSWHG>@$OOWKHVH*2 FRPSRVLWHVH[KLELWLPSURYHG(5FKDUDFWHULVWLFVFRPSDUHGWRWKDWRISXUH*27KH*2ZDVDOVRHLWKHUDGGHGDVDQ DGGLWLYH LQWR PDJQHWLF FDUERQ\O LURQ &,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DW\SLFDOFRQGXFWLQJSRO\PHUVKDVEHHQHYDOXDWHGDVDSURVSHFWLYH 66 Shang Hao Piao and Hyoung Jin Choi / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 64 – 70 EHFDXVHRIWKHLUIDFLOHIDEULFDWLRQORZFRVWDQGKLJKWKHUPDOVWDELOLW\>@=KDQJHWDO>@LQWURGXFHG*23$1, FRPSRVLWHSDUWLFOHVE\V\QWKHVL]LQJIURPWKHLQVLWXGLVSHUVLRQSRO\PHUL]DWLRQ 2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWRLPSURYHWKHVROXELOLW\DQGSURFHVVDELOLW\GHULYDWLYHVRI3$1,ZLWKVXLWDEOHVXEVWLWXWHVZHUH WKH PRVW SURPLVLQJ WHFKQLTXHV >@ 6LP HW DO >@ SUHSDUHG *2SRO\PHWK\ODQLOLQH 30$1 E\ FKHPLFDO R[LGDWLRQSRO\PHUL]DWLRQ=KDQJHWDO>@UHSRUWHGWKH*2LRQLF1VXEVWLWXWHGFRSRO\DQLOLQH1&23$FRPSRVLWH ZKLFK ZDV SUHSDUHG XVLQJ D PRQRPHU PL[WXUH FRQWDLQLQJ LRQLF VRGLXP GLSKHQ\ODPLQH VXOIRQDWH DQG DQLOLQH ZDV V\QWKHVL]HG E\ LQ VLWX R[LGDWLRQ SRO\PHUL]DWLRQ *2 DFWLQJ DV D GRSDQW LQ WKHVH R[LGDWLRQ SRO\PHUL]DWLRQ FRXOG UHGXFHWKHFRQGXFWLYLW\RIWKHVHFRPSRVLWHV)XUWKHUPRUHVRPHRWKHU*2FRQGXFWLQJSRO\PHUFRPSRVLWHVKDYHEHHQ UHSRUWHGVXFKWKDW&DRHWDO>@LQWURGXFHGSRO\SSKHQ\OHQHGLDPLQHJUDSKHQHR[LGHQDQRSODWHOHWFRPSRVLWHVE\ HOHFWURSRO\PHUL]DWLRQDQG$]PDQHWDO>@IDEULFDWHGSRO\HWK\OHQHGLR[\WKLSRKHQH3('27JUDSKHQHR[LGH K\EULGFRPSRVLWHVE\LQVLWXR[LGDWLRQSRO\PHUL]DWLRQ $FWXDOO\WKH*2EDVHGFRPSRVLWHVFRPELQHGZLWKLQVXODWLQJSRO\PHUVFDQEHXVHGDVJRRG(5PDWHULDOEHFDXVH RIWKHLUIDFLOHV\QWKHVLVDQGORZFRVW=KDQJHWDO>@UHSRUWHGDIDFLOHDSSURDFKIRUIDEULFDWLQJFRUHVKHOOVWUXFWXUHG *2ZUDSSHGDPLQHPRGLILHGSRO\JO\FLG\OPHWKDFU\ODWHDPL3*0$PLFURVSKHUHVYLDDQDPLQHHSR[LGHFDUER[\O FKHPLFDOUHDFWLRQ.LPHWDO>@SUHSDUHGSRO\VW\UHQH36±*2PLFURVSKHUHVE\3LFNHULQJHPXOVLRQSRO\PHUL]DWLRQ PHWKRGDQG*2ZDVXVHGDVDVROLGVWDELOL]HU *2LQRUJDQLFPDWHULDOVFRPSRVLWHVKDYHEHHQDOVRDVVHVVHGDVVXLWDEOHPDWHULDOVIRU(5PDWHULDOVZLWKDUDQJHRI H[SHULPHQWV)RUH[DPSOH@XVHGD*2OD\HUDVDFRDWLQJVKHOOWRIDEULFDWHG*2ZUDSSHGWLWDQLDGLHOHFWULF PLFURVSKHUHV YLD DQ HOHFWURVWDWLF DEVRUELQJ PHWKRG DQG =KDQJ HW DO >@ SUHSDUHG VLOLFD*2 K\EULG FRPSRVLWH SDUWLFOHVE\WKHK\GURO\VLVRIWHWUDHWK\ORUWKRVLOLFDWH7(26LQWKHSUHVHQFHRIK\GURSKLOLF*2 $V IRU 05 V\VWHPV GXH WR IDFW WKDW WKH HPSOR\HG PDJQHWLF SDUWLFOHV DUH UHODWLYHO\ KHDYLHU WKDQ (5 PDWHULDOV VXUIDFH WUHDWPHQW RU DGGLWLYHV DUH QRUPDOO\ DGGHG WR DOOHYLDWH WKH VHGLPHQWDWLRQ LVVXH =KDQJ HW DO >@ XVHG  DPLQREHQ]RLFDFLG3$%$DVDJUDIWLQJDJHQWDQGWKHQFRDWHG*2SODWHRQWRWKHFDUERQ\OLURQ&,VXUIDFHWRVROYH WKHGLVSHUVLRQSUREOHPVRI&,EDVHG05IOXLGV&KHQHWDO>@DGGHG*2WR&,EDVHG05IOXLGVDQGLQYHVWLJDWHG WKH05SURSHUWLHV 5KHRORJLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFV  D E  )LJD6KHDUVWUHVVYVVKHDUUDWHDQGE9LVFRVLW\YVVKHDUUDWHRI*230$1FRPSRVLWHSDUWLFOHVEDVHG(5IOXLGDVDIXQFWLRQRIVKHDU UDWHZLWKLQFUHDVLQJHOHFWULFILHOGVWUHQJWKV7KHGRWWHGOLQHLVJHQHUDWHGIURP(TXDWLRQ5HSULQWHGZLWKSHUPLVVLRQIURP5HI>@  7KH *230$1 FRPSRVLWH SDUWLFOHV FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI  YRO ZHUH DGGHG LQWR VLOLFRQH RLO FV IRU WKH SUHSDUDWLRQ RI WKH (5 IOXLG )LJXUH  VKRZV WKH IORZ EHKDYLRU RI *230$1 FRPSRVLWH EDVHG (5 IOXLG XVLQJ D URWDWLRQDOUKHRPHWHUXQGHUGLIIHUHQWHOHFWULFILHOGVWUHQJWKV7KHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQVKHDUVWUHVVDQGVKHDUUDWHZDV VKRZQLQ)LJD:LWKRXWDQH[WHUQDOHOHFWULFILHOGWKH(5IOXLGH[KLELWVD1HZWRQLDQIOXLGEHKDYLRULQZKLFKWKH VKHDUVWUHVVLQFUHDVHOLQHDUO\DVDIXQFWLRQRIVKHDUUDWH>@:KHQDKLJKHOHFWULFILHOGZDVDSSOLHGVXGGHQLQFUHDVHG Shang Hao Piao and Hyoung Jin Choi / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 64 – 70 VKHDUVWUHVVZDVREVHUYHGDQGEHFDPHKLJKHUZLWKWKHVWHSZLVHLQFUHDVLQJHOHFWULFILHOGVWUHQJWKEHFDXVHWKHSDUWLFOHV ZHUHSRODUL]HGDQGIRUPFKDLQOLNHVWUXFWXUHVZKLFKLVNQRZQDV%LQJKDPIOXLGEHKDYLRU>@ 7KHZLGHO\XVHGPRGHOIRU(5IOXLGV%LQJKDPIOXLGPRGHOLVJLYHQEHORZLQ(TZLWKWZRVLPSOHVWSDUDPHWHUV WKH\LHOGVWUHVVIJ\ZKLFKLVUHODWHGWRWKHHOHFWULFILHOGVWUHQJWKDQG]HURVKHDUYLVFRVLW\ȘKHUHIJUHSUHVHQWVWKH VKHDUVWUHVVȖሶ GHQRWHVWKHVKHDUUDWH>@ W W   KJ  W t W   J   W  W   7KH LQWHUSDUWLFOH LQWHUDFWLRQ IRUFH XQGHU DQ DSSOLHG HOHFWULF ILHOG OHDGV WR FKDLQ IRUPDWLRQ DQG WKH FKDLQ GHIRUPDWLRQV\QFKURQRXVO\KDSSHQHGGXHWRWKHEUHDNLQJIRUFHE\DK\GURG\QDPLFVKHDU>@,QDKLJKVKHDUUDWH UHJLRQWKHVKHDUVWUHVVWHQGVWRLQFUHDVHVZHUHDWWULEXWHGWRWKHGHVWUR\HGFKDLQSDUWLFOHVKDYHQRWRWLPHWRUHIRUP 7RJHWKHUZLWKWKHVKHDUVWUHVVWKHVKHDUYLVFRVLW\DVDIXQFWLRQRIWKHVKHDUUDWHVKRZQLQ)LJE,QWKHDEVHQFH RIDQHOHFWULFILHOGWKHVKHDUYLVFRVLW\VKRZV1HZWRQLDQEHKDYLRUZKLFKLVLQGHSHQGHQWRIWKHVKHDUUDWHE\VKRZLQJ FRQVWDQWVKHDUYLVFRVLW\8QGHUDQDSSOLHGHOHFWULFILHOGWKHLQFUHDVHGRIVKHDUYLVFRVLW\ZDVGXHWRWKHIRUPDWLRQRI WKHFKDLQVWUXFWXUHDQGVKHDUWKLQQLQJEHKDYLRUZDVREVHUYHGEHFDXVHWKHDOLJQHGSDUWLFOHFKDLQVWHQGHGWRGHIRUPDWLRQ >@  )LJXUH)UHTXHQF\VZHHSVIRU6LOLFD*2K\EULGFRPSRVLWHEDVHGRQ(5IOXLGXQGHUGLIIHUHQWHOHFWULFILHOGV6WRUDJHPRGXOXVFORVHG V\PERO/RVVPRGXOXVRSHQV\PERO5HSULQWHGZLWKSHUPLVVLRQIURP5HI>@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hang Hao Piao and Hyoung Jin Choi / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 64 – 70  )LJ9LVFRVLW\RIWKH36*2PLFURVSKHUHEDVHG(5IOXLGYROSDUWLFOHFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQDUDQJHRIHOHFWULFILHOGVWUHQJWKV5HSULQWHG ZLWKSHUPLVVLRQIURP5HI>@  D E  )LJD6KHDUVWUHVVDQGEVKHDUYLVFRVLW\FXUYHVRIWKHSXUH&,FORVHGV\PEROVDQG*2&,SDUWLFOHRSHQV\PEROVEDVHG05IOXLGV 5HSULQWHGZLWKSHUPLVVLRQIURP5HI>@   )LJ7UDQVPLVVLRQDVDIXQFWLRQRIWLPHIRUSXUH&,SDUWLFOHVDQG&,*2PL[WXUHEDVHGVXVSHQVLRQVZLWKGLIIHUHQWZHLJKWUDWLRVRI*2 5HSULQWHGZLWKSHUPLVVLRQIURP5HI>@  Shang Hao Piao and Hyoung Jin Choi / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 64 –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 5HIHUHQFHV >@+-&KRL06-KRQ(OHFWURUKHRORJ\RISRO\PHUVDQGQDQRFRPSRVLWHV6RIW0DWWHU >@3+LDPWXS$6LULYDW$0-DPLHVRQ6WUDLQKDUGHQLQJLQWKHRVFLOODWRU\VKHDUGHIRUPDWLRQRIDGHGRSHGSRO\DQLOLQHHOHFWURUKHRORJLFDOIOXLG -0DWHU6FL >@--LDQJ@0=KDQJ;*RQJ::HQ0DQLSXODWLRQRIPLFURIOXLGLFGURSOHWVE\HOHFWURUKHRORJLFDOIOXLG(OHFWURSKRUHVLV >@+@7)7LDQ:+/L*$OLFL+'X@*= 6XQ /; =KHQJ =@++X;:DQJ-:DQJ)/LX0=KDQJ&;X0LFURZDYHDVVLVWHGFRYDOHQWPRGLILFDWLRQRIJUDSKHQHQDQRVKHHWVZLWKFKLWRVDQDQGLWV HOHFWURUKHRORJLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFV$SSO6XUI6FL 69 70 Shang Hao Piao and Hyoung Jin Choi / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 64 – 70 >@- :DQJ + +X ; :DQJ & ;X 0 =KDQJ ; 6KDQJ 3UHSDUDWLRQ DQG PHFKDQLFDO DQG HOHFWULFDO SURSHUWLHV RI JUDSKHQH QDQRVKHHWV SRO\PHWK\OPHWKDFU\ODWHQDQRFRPSRVLWHVYLDLQVLWXVXVSHQVLRQSRO\PHUL]DWLRQ-$SSO3RO\P6FL >@-@66WDQNRYLFK'$'LNLQ*+%'RPPHWW.0.RKOKDDV(-=LPQH\($6WDFK5'3LQHU671JX\HQ565XRII*UDSKHQHEDVHG FRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOV1DWXUHí >@66WDQNRYLFK'$'LNLQ2&&RPSWRQ*+%'RPPHWW565XRII671JX\HQ6\VWHPDWLF3RVWDVVHPEO\0RGLILFDWLRQRI*UDSKHQH 2[LGH3DSHUZLWK3ULPDU\$ON\ODPLQHV&KHP0DWHUí >@-/&KHQ;3@:/=KDQJ@:/=KDQJ+-&KRL6LOLFD*UDSKHQH2[LGH+\EULG&RPSRVLWH3DUWLFOHVDQG7KHLU(OHFWURUHVSRQVLYH&KDUDFWHULVWLFV/DQJPXLU í >@:/=KDQJ+-&KRL@:/=KDQJ+-&KRL6HOIDVVHPEO\RIJUDSKHQHR[LGHFRDWHGVRIWPDJQHWLFFDUERQ\OLURQSDUWLFOHVDQGWKHLUPDJQHWRUKHRORJ\-$SSO 3K\V% >@..&KHQ:/=KDQJ/6KDQ;-=KDQJ@06&KR+-&KRL:6$KQ(QKDQFHGHOHFWURUKHRORJ\RIFRQGXFWLQJSRO\DQLOLQHFRQILQHGLQ0&0FKDQQHOV/DQJPXLU ± >@$/HQJDORYD93DYOLQHN36DKD24XDGUDW7.LWDQR-6WHLVNDO,QIOXHQFHRISDUWLFOHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRQWKHHOHFWURUKHRORJLFDOHIILFLHQF\ RISRO\DQLOLQHVXVSHQVLRQV(XU3RO\PHU-± >@3$ %DVQD\DND 0. 5DP / 6WHIDQDNRV $ XPDU +LJK SHUIRUPDQFH JUDSKHQH SRO\RDQLVLGLQH QDQRFRPSRVLWH IRU VXSHUFDSDFLWRU DSSOLFDWLRQV0DWHU&KHP3K\V >@:/=KDQJ+-&KRL)DEULFDWLRQDQGHOHFWURUKHRORJ\RIJUDSKHQHR[LGHLRQLF1VXEVWLWXWHGFRSRO\DQLOLQHFRPSRVLWH&ROORLG3RO\P6FL ± >@1+1D $]PDQ +1 /LP @-%@@$VWKHFRQWUROODEOHDQGUHYHUVLEOHSKDVHWUDQVLWLRQDOPDWHULDOVWKH(5DQG05IOXLGVKDYH... FRQGXFWLYLW\0HDQZKLOHSRO\DQLOLQH3$1,DW\SLFDOFRQGXFWLQJSRO\PHUVKDVEHHQHYDOXDWHGDVDSURVSHFWLYH 66 Shang Hao Piao and Hyoung Jin Choi / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 64 – 70 EHFDXVHRIWKHLUIDFLOHIDEULFDWLRQORZFRVWDQGKLJKWKHUPDOVWDELOLW\>@=KDQJHWDO>@LQWURGXFHG*23$1,... VKHDUVWUHVVLQFUHDVHOLQHDUO\DVDIXQFWLRQRIVKHDUUDWH>@:KHQDKLJKHOHFWULFILHOGZDVDSSOLHGVXGGHQLQFUHDVHG Shang Hao Piao and Hyoung Jin Choi / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 64 – 70 VKHDUVWUHVVZDVREVHUYHGDQGEHFDPHKLJKHUZLWKWKHVWHSZLVHLQFUHDVLQJHOHFWULFILHOGVWUHQJWKEHFDXVHWKHSDUWLFOHV