Part 1 of ebook Frontiers in gynecological endocrinology (Volume 2: From basic science to clinical application) provide readers with content about: adolescent gynecology; disorders of the menstrual cycle during adolescence; prevention of adolescent pregnancies; hormonal contraception; hormonal contraceptives - progestogen and thrombotic risk;... Please refer to the part 1 of ebook for details!
ISGE Series Series Editor: Andrea R Genazzani Bart C.J.M. Fauser Andrea R. Genazzani Editors Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology Volume 2: From Basic Science to Clinical Application ISGE Series Series Editor Andrea R Genazzani For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/11871 Bart C.J.M Fauser • Andrea R Genazzani Editors Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology Volume 2: From Basic Science to Clinical Application Editors Bart C.J.M Fauser Department of Reproductive Medicine University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Andrea R Genazzani International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology Pisa Italy ISSN 2197-8735 ISSN 2197-8743 (eBook) ISBN 978-3-319-09661-2 ISBN 978-3-319-09662-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09662-9 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956923 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Part I Adolescent Gynecology Disorders of the Menstrual Cycle During Adolescence George K Creatsas and Maria Creatsa PCOS and Insulin Resistance (IR): From Lifestyle to Insulin Sensitizers Alessandro D Genazzani, Susanna Santagni, Erika Rattighieri, Elisa Chierchia, Giulia Despini, Alessia Prati, and Federica Ricchieri Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: From Contraception to Hormone Replacement Therapy Andrea R Genazzani and Alessandro D Genazzani 11 25 Management of Adolescent Hyperandrogenism Charles Sultan, Laura Gaspari, and Franỗoise Paris 33 Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancies George K Creatsas 41 Transsexualism: Endocrine Aspects Svetlana Vujović, M Ivović, M Tančić Gajić, L.J Marina, Z Arizanović, M Barać, S Popovic, B Barać, D Duišin, A Milošević, M Djordjević, and D Micić 47 Part II Hormonal Contraception How to Choose the Right Contraceptive Method for the Right Woman Johannes Bitzer 55 Hormonal Contraceptives: Progestogen and Thrombotic Risk Adolf E Schindler 69 v vi Contents Part III 10 11 Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: The Daily Challenge for Gynecologist Johannes Bitzer Challenges of Laparoscopic Resection of Uterine Fibroids in Infertility Liselotte Mettler, George M Ogweno, Rebekka Schnödewind, and Ibrahim Alkatout Effects on Sexual Function of Medical and Surgical Therapy for Endometriosis Panagiotis Drakopoulos, Jean-Marie Wenger, Patrick Petignat, and Nicola Pluchino Part IV 12 13 14 Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Fibroids, Adenomyosis and Endometriosis 89 103 Assisted Reproduction: the Endocrine Impact In Patients with Only One or Two Oocytes, Is IVF-ET or ICSI Better? Paolo Giovanni Artini, Maria Elena Rosa Obino, Elena Carletti, Sara Pinelli, Giovanna Simi, Maria Ruggiero, Vito Cela, and Carla Tatone Supplementation with DHEA in Poor Responder Patients Paolo Giovanni Artini, Giovanna Simi, Maria Elena Rosa Obino, Sara Pinelli, Olga Maria Di Berardino, Francesca Papini, Maria Ruggiero, and Vito Cela Premature Ovarian Failure: Fertility Challenge Svetlana Vujović, M Ivović, M Tančić-Gajić, L.J Marina, Z Arizanović, M Ivanišević, M Barać, J Micić, B Barać, and D Micić Part V 79 111 119 129 Metabolic Syndrome 15 Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders in Aging Women Diana Jędrzejuk, Andrzej Milewicz, Anna Arkowska, Urszula Mieszczanowicz, Jerzy Chudek, and Tomasz Zdrojewski 16 Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: Impact and Relationship with Menopausal Transition Susanna Santagni, Erika Rattighieri, Elisa Chierchia, Giulia Despini, Alessia Prati, and Alessandro D Genazzani 137 143 Contents Part VI 17 18 vii Menopause Cardiovascular Prevention at the Menopausal Transition: Role of Hormonal Therapies Stefania Spina, Guja Bernacchi, Elena Cecchi, Andrea R Genazzani, and Tommaso Simoncini Menopause and HRT: Doubts and Certainties Guja Bernacchi, Stefania Spina, Elena Cecchi, Andrea R Genazzani, and Tommaso Simoncini Part VII 167 Breast Cancer 19 Androgen Receptor and Breast Cancer Piero Sismondi, Marta D’Alonzo, Valentina Elisabetta Bounous, Francesca Quintili, Anna Maria Ferrero, Luca Mariani, and Nicoletta Biglia 20 Fertility Preservation and Pregnancy After Breast Cancer: When and How? Nicoletta Biglia, Marta D’Alonzo, Silvia Pecchio, Maria Chiara Ottino, Alberto Daniele, and Guido Menato 21 157 179 185 Low Malignant Potential Tumors Piero Sismondi, Alberto Daniele, Annamaria Ferrero, Nicoletta Ravarino, and Nicoletta Biglia 191 Index 199 Part I Adolescent Gynecology Disorders of the Menstrual Cycle During Adolescence George K Creatsas and Maria Creatsa Menstrual disorders are a common problem in young girls Table 1.1 presents the menstrual disorders during adolescence among 790 cases treated in our institution 1.1 Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) DUB (Table 1.1, A) is a painless endometrial bleeding that is prolonged, excessive, and irregular and not attributable to any underlying structural or systemic disease The etiology of DUB, during adolescence, arises out of continuing maturation of the hypothalamus [1–3] In the USA the definition of DUB refers to anovulatory bleeding The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) defined DUB as excessive bleeding (excessively heavy, prolonged, or frequent) of uterine origin, which is not due to demonstrable pelvic disease, complication of pregnancy, or systemic disease DUB can be either ovulatory or anovulatory [4] A shift in the ratio of prostaglandins (PGs) and especially of the endometrial vasoconstrictor (PGF2a) to the vasodilator (PGE2) and an increase in total endometrial PGs have been demonstrated in ovulatory DUB patients [1, 5] Diagnosis is made by the clinical history and the clinical examination, followed by the necessary laboratory tests, the pelvic ultrasonography, the endocrinological examination, and occasionally hysteroscopy and/or laparoscopy DUB differential diagnosis includes pregnancy complications; neoplasms of the genital system; genital tract infections; endocrinopathies; treatment with various, several medications; trauma; coagulation disorders; and chronic systemic diseases G.K Creatsas, MD, FACS, FACOG, FRCOG (*) • M Creatsa, MD, PhD 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, 76 Vas Sofias Ave, Athens 11528, Greece e-mail: geocre@aretaieio.uoa.gr © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 B.C.J.M Fauser, A.R Genazzani (eds.), Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology: Volume 2: From Basic Science to Clinical Application, ISGE Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09662-9_1 ... Switzerland 2 015 B.C.J.M Fauser, A.R Genazzani (eds.), Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology: Volume 2: From Basic Science to Clinical Application, ISGE Series, DOI 10 .10 07/978-3- 319 -09662-9 _1 G.K... Editor Andrea R Genazzani For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series /11 8 71 Bart C.J.M Fauser • Andrea R Genazzani Editors Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology Volume 2: From Basic Science. .. algen@unimore.it © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2 015 B.C.J.M Fauser, A.R Genazzani (eds.), Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology: Volume 2: From Basic Science to Clinical Application,