Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky'''' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam Hd Ngi 10 2010 NGHIEN ClTU BIEN DONG BO BIEN HAI PHONG BANG CONG NGHE VIEN THAM VA GIS • RESEARCHING THE CHANGE OF THE COASTAL LIN[.]
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010 NGHIEN ClTU BIEN DONG BO BIEN HAI PHONG BANG CONG NGHE VIEN THAM VA GIS • RESEARCHING THE CHANGE OF THE COASTAL LINE OF HAI PHONG BY REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNOLOGY Le Thi Kim Thoa(l), Nguyen Van Cu (2), Nguyen Trudng Xuan(3), Dao Dinh Cham(l) (1)-Vien Dja ly; (2) - Tdng cue bien v i Hii dio Viet Nam; (3) - Trudng Dai bgc Md - Dja chit H i Ndi; 18 - Hoang Qude Viet, Ciu Giiy, H i Ndi; Email: l_thoa@hotmail.eom Tdm tat: Hiin tugng bdi tu - xdi la ba biin vd bdi ldp cira sdng da budc thdnh phd Hdi Phdng phdi ddi phd thdch thirc lan vi sa bdi ludng tdu vdo cdng nhiiu khd khdn cho cdc hogt dgng sdn xudt, an ninh quoc phdng, phdt triin kinh ti vd ddi sdng ciia nhirng nguai ddn ven biin Hdi Phdng Bdi bdo trinh bdy hiin trgng bdi - xdi viing ven biin vd biin ddng duang ba theo nghiin cim bdng cdng nghi viin thdm vd GIS Trin ca sa kit qud xir ly vd gidi dodn dnh vi tinh qua cdc thdi ki', cdc tdc gid dd thdnh lap bdn biin ddng ba biin, cira sdng Lgch Hiiyin-Bgch DdngNam Triiu-Lgch Tray giai dogn 1989-2008 aty 1: 25.000 Abstract: The accretion - erosion along the coast and river-mouth makes -Haiphong face the large challenge ofsiltation in access channel to the port and many difficulties for production, national defense and security, economic development and habitant livelihood in the area This paper presents the coastal accretion - erosion and shoreline changes, studied by Remote sensing and GIS technologies Based on the results of processing and interpreting the multitemporal satellite images, the coastal and estuarine changes in Lach Huyen - Bach Dang - Nam Trieu - Lach Tray from 1989 to 2008 have been mapped at a scale of 1: 25 000 I M O DAU Cic qua trinh bdi tu - xdi Id d bd bien eua sdng Hii Phdng dien tie ddng ciia ei ty nhien va ngudi tao nen Tai khu vyc Hii Phdng cd mdt sd khu vyc cd sdng ldn dd nen hien tugng bdi tu nhieu hon, die biet li khu vyc phia Tiy Nam dio Dinh Vii vi doan bd phia Ddng Nam huyen Thuy Nguyen Sy bdi tu phii sa ling dgng edn xiy d phia Ddng Kien Thuy v i Tien Ling Hien tugng xdi Id xiy ehu yeu d doan bd bien Cit Hii v i khu vyc Bie ban dio Dd Son [2], [3] Bii bio da sir dung phuong phip vien thim v i he thdng tin dja ly (GIS) dl phan tieh, dinh gii biln ddng dudng bd bien vimg ven bien cira sdng Each Huyen - Bach Ding - Nam Trieu Lach Tray thudc thinh phd Hii Phdng 259 ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8 Tiiu ban: Cdc Khoa hgc ve Trdi ddt IL CO SO DLT LIEU VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU Cosd du* lieu: - Cic bin dl dja hinh ven biln Hii Phdng ty le: 1:50.000; 1:25.000; 1:10.000 - Anh ve tinh LANDSAT, SPOT vi AEOS + Anh ve tinh ALOS (1/3/2008) + Anh ve tinh SPOT-4 (11/2004) Anh ve tinh LANDSAT ETM (29/9/2001) + Anh ve tinh LANDSAT TM (23/11/1989) Phuo'ng phap nghien ciru: Phirong phap su dung nghien cim bien ddng dudng bd li giii doin thdng tin tren cic anh ve tinh, inh miy bay va cic tii lieu khie cd lien quan nhim danh gii hien trang vi phan tieh dien bien qui trinh bdi - xdi dudng bd bien vi ldng din khu vuc cira sdng Lach Huyen Bach Ding - Nam Trieu - Each Tray Cd the neu tdm tit qui trinh xir ly thdng tin tir inh va bin dja hinh theo so dd tren hinh dudi diy, vdi viee sir dung cic phan mem xir ly inh vi he thdng tin dja ly (GIS) [4] nhu sau: Cac tu lieu lien quan khac Lira chun luOi tua du, tien \ u Iv cac tirlieu nhap vau «lM«w^^llM^l^l^^^^M^^l^^'JJ}l^ut^l^llJ^M^^!»^t^.x^ Si) hoa anh tuang tu, nan chinh hinh hoc theu luOi chieu U T M i^MMKHUUHiiiSiiiiWU Triet xuat thong tin, xav dirng ban du chuyen de, tinh toan, phan tich ket qua So dd tdm tit qui trinh xir ly thdng tin inh vi bin dd Trong xir ly thdng tin inh vi bin dd, cic tic gii chgn ludi chieu UTM (be qui chilu qude te WGS - 84) tuong irng he qui chieu va he toa QuIc gia mdi cua Viet Nam (VN-2000) lim chuin de tien hinh nan chinh hinh hgc cic hi lieu khdng inh Cic dir lieu inh tuong ty (inh in tren giiy) dugc quet va chuyin sang dti: lieu sd, sau dd xir ly tren eic phin mim khac nhu ArcView, ENVI, Arelnfo, Maplnfo, ERDAS Image, ER Mapper da dim bio luu 260 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10 2010 giu dung cac thdng tin vl hien trang vi ehinh xac ve hinh bge ddi tugng nghien cim Cic ket qui xir ly cudi ciing duge chuyin dii sang khudn dang (format) inh bitmap, khudn dang ciia phin mem Maplnfo de luu giii ciing nhu bien tip vi in bin dd chuyen de ve dien bien dudng bd biln khu vyc nghien ciru HI KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU: Phin tich, xir ly phin loai inh vien thim qua cie thdi gian khie Thinh lip cic bin dd hien trang dudng bd bien cira sdng d cie thdi ky Thinh lip bin dd bien ddng bd bien cira sdng qua cie thdi ky Dinh gia bien ddng bd bien cira sdng Each Huyen, Bach Ding, Nam Trieu Xir ly dnh vi tinh a cdc thai diim ndm 1989, 2001, 2004 vd 2008 khu vuc ba biin cira sdng Lgch Huyen, Bgch Ddng, Nam Triiu - Hieu chinh hinh hgc: Anh ve tinh Landsat, SPOT vi ALOS d eic thdi dilm tren thu thip da duge xir ly hinh hgc va dua ve be chuan quoc tl WGS84 Vi he thing bin dd Viet Nam nim d he tga VN2000 nen ehiing ta phii hieu ehinh toin bd cae inh ve tinh d eac thdi ky khie ve ciing mdt he thdng chuin Qude gia VN2000 Trudc tien ta chgn bin dd dja hinh Cue bin dd eiia Bd Tdng tham muu eung eip d ti le 1: 25.000 lim gdc vi hieu ehinh inh ve tinh ALOS theo bin dd niy Cie dja hinh dja vit dugc chgn de lim diem khdng che nan li nhung diem gin nhu khdng thay ddi vi duge dii deu bet inh Do chinh xie hieu chinh dat gii trj cao bdi sai sd mdi diem nin li pixel Sau inh ve tinh ALOS duge hieu ehinh ve he tga chuin Qude gia VN2000 thi eic inh SPOT 2004 vi anh landsat nam 2001, nim 1989 lin lugt dugc hieu chinh theo inh ALOS 2008 - Tinh ehi sd thyc vit: Tinh chi sd thyc vat NDVI eua cic thdi diem inh nim 1989, 2001 vi 2008 de thinh lip cac bin dd hien trang bd bien cira sdng Each Huyen, Bach Ding, Nam Trieu, Each Tray Vi muc dich nghien eiiu li xdi Id bien ddng bd bien cira sdng nen chung ta chi can quan tam va tieh duge ddi tugng ehinh li dit ed thyc vit, dit khdng thyc vit vi nude De dat duge hieu qui eao, ehinh xie va nhanh chdng thi trudc tien ta cin phii tinh ehi sd thyc vit NDVI cho mdi thdi diem inh [5] Chi sd thyc vit NDVI duge tinh bdi chuong trinh WinASEAN {tdc gid Nguyin Dinh Dirang, Viin Dja Ly Sau tinh dugc chi sd thyc vit NDVI thi tien hinh chia ngudng de tieh thinh ddi tugng ehinh: He thdng thiiy vin, dit khdng thyc vit vi dit cd thyc vit Hinh la khu vyc cira sdng Lach Tray duge phdng to nhin rit rd khu vyc dit cd thyc vit, dit khdng thyc vit vi dudng bd nude Tuong ty hinh li khu vyc ciia sdng Each Huyen duge phdng to 261 ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8 Tiiu ban: Cdc Khoa hoc ve Trdi ddt ^ J «F^;^^^ '•('; ^v^];•^ ^ Hinh 1: Anh ALOS (ben trii) - Each Tray vi inh ket qui (ben phii) nim 2008 Chii giii anh phin loai dudng bd khu vyc nghien cim: : He thdng thuy vin : Dit khdng cd thyc vit : Dat cd thue vit Hinh 2: Anh ALOS (ben trai) - Each Huyen vi inh kit qui (ben phii) nim 2008 Ciing theo phuong phip tuong ty tinh chi so thyc vit NDVI nhu inh ALOS 2008 ehiing ta lan lugt dua duge cic anh phin loai nim 2001 va nim 1989 Bing chii giii tuong ty nhu nam 2008 262 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky- niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa ligc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010 Hinh 3: Anh Landsat nim 2001 (ben trii) - Each Chay vi inh ket qui (ben phii) ti Hinh 4: Anh Landsat nim 1989 (ben trii) - Bach Ding vi inh ket qui (ben phii) • Thdnh lap bdn hiin ddng ba biin cira sdng khu vuc nghiin ciru ndm 1989 - 2008; - Thinh lap bin dd bien ddng dudng bd bien giai doan 1989 - 2008 Sau hoin thinh phan loai ehi sd thyc vat NDVI d cic thdi dilm inh 1989, 2001 va 2008, tiln hinh ehIng phii lin lugt cic bin dd dd len de tao inh bien ddng Trudc tien, chdng phii inh phin loai nim 1989 len anh nim 2008 de tao inh biln ddng giai doan 1989 - 2008 263 Tieu ban: Cdc Khoa hgc ve Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8 Viec xiy dyng bin bien ddng tir hai bin dd hien trang duge thyc bien bing edng eu Chang Analysis chuong trinh WinASEAN [4] Kit qua sau chdng phu bin dd hien trang cua hai thdi dilm 1989 vi 2008 len tao bin dd bien ddng d dang Raster Bin dd bien ddng niy ed thi giir nguyen d dang Raster hoac vecto hda cie ldp ddi tugng theo ket qui phin loai va bing ehu giii Hinh li bin dd tryc inh bien ddng bd bien cira sdng Lach Huyen, Bach Ding Nam Trieu, Lach Tray vi ludng tiu viing cing Hii phdng Nam 1989 Bang 1: Ket qui thdng ke bien ddng theo sd lugng diem inh tir nim 1989 den 2008 Doi tugng Dit cd thyc vit Dit khdng cd thyc vat Nude Dat CO thyc vat 269.341 433.575 Nam 2008 Dat khong cd thyc vat Nude 477.344 1.134.551 487.960 84.401 Hinh 5: Bin db true inh bien ddng bd biln cira sdng khu vyc nghien euii 1989 - 2008 Chii giii: Dien tieh mat nude bien ddng thinh dien tieh dit khdng ed thyc vit Dien tieh mat nude biln dgng thinh dien tieh dit ed thyc vit 264 Dien tich dit cd thyc vit biln ddng thinh dien tich mat nude Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa ligc vd Cdng nglie Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10^2010 Nam 2001 Bing Ket qui thing ke bien ddng theo sl lugng diem inh tir nim 2001 - 2008 Ddi tugng Dit ed thue vit Dit khdng ed thue vit Nude Nam 2008 Dat khdng cd thyc vat Dat cd thue vat 656.810 220.235 1.056.062 336.259 Nude 499.857 161.492 Do chinh xie eiia ket qui phin loai bin dd hien trang vi bin dd ldp phii giira cic thdi diem phu thude vio eic ylu to sau: - Sy khie biet vl eic ve tinh khie nhau: Landsat, SPOT vi ALOS - Sy khie biet ve miia nim Anh ALOS chup thing nim 2008 inh Landsat chup thing vi inh SPOT chup thing 11 - Do ehinh xie ve hieu chinh hinh hgc Vdi mue dich nghien eiiru vi d ti le 1: 25 000 thi eic sai sd tren trong pham vi cho ph^ep vi ed the chip nhin dugc Ket qui kiem chimg sd lieu, ket qui phin loai hien trang tai mdi thdi diem dat ehinh xie d mire tuong dii tit Tir ket qui phin loai vi bin dd sin phim biln ddng nim 1989 - 2008 vi 2001 - 2008 cd the nit mdt sd nhin xet sau: - Khu vyc nghien cuu tren sy bdi tu dudng bd vi sa bdi ludng tiu ngiy eing phit trien nhit li khu vyc cira sdng Nam Trieu vi Each Tray - Dgc bd bien ciy ngap man mdt sd noi ngiy eing phit trien vi bio tdn - Sy xdi Id khu vyc niy xiy it, ehii yeu rimg ngap man mdt sd noi bi chit phi di vi thay the bing nudi trdng thuy hii sin IV KET LUAN Tu lieu inh vien thim ndi ehung vi tu lieu inh cic ve tinh ALOS, LANDSAT ETM vi LANDSAT TM vi SPOT-4 ndi rieng duge sir dung de phuc vu phin loai ldp phii be mat, theo ddi sy dien bien ldp phii bdi tu, xdi Id, bien ddng dja hinh dudng bd vi dinh gii su bien ddng eiia chung li phuong phip tdi uu dang duge img dung phd bien tren The gidi Diy li mdt phuong phip phin loaj dya tren eo sd phin tieh, giii doin inh vien thim bing ky thuat sd dya vao ehi sd thue vit NDVI nen ket qui dat duge khich quan va nhanh chdng, khdng phu thudc vao y thire chii quan ciia ngudi giii doin Dieu die biet d diy li cie thdng tin tu lieu inh ve tinh ed tinh ehu ky ngin vi d dang sd nen de cap nhit xir ly Ket qui nghien cim cho thiy the manh eiia ky thuat vien thim vi sy ket hgp vdi he thdng tin Dja ly the hien rd tinh uu viet ein duge phit trien eiing vdi phuong phap xir ly sd Viec lien ket niy rit tien lgi viee quin ly vi khai thie thdng tin LTng dung phuong phip vien thim vi GIS nghien cuu dinh gii bien ddng dudng bd, ludng lach di eho ket qui nhanh chdng, dim bio sy chinh xic vi tin ciy, thdi gian thyc hien ngin tren pham vi khdng gian linh thd rdng 265 Tieu han: Cdc Khoa hgc ve Trdi ddt ISBN• 978-604-913-016-8 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bg tii nguyen vi Mdi trudng, Cdng nghi Viin thdm (2003) Nguyen Vin Cu vi nnk, Nguyin nhdn vd gidi phdp phdng chong sa bdi ludng tdu vdo cdng Hdi Phdng, De tii dde lap cip Nhi nude, Vien Dja ly Hi Ndi (1997) Nguyen Vin Cu, Du bdo hiin trgng xdi la, bdi tu ba biin cira sdng vd cdc gidi phdp phdng trdnh Bio cio tdng kit dl tii KHCN eip nhi nude KC.09.05, Hi Ndi (2001) Nguyen Dinh Duong Nghien cim mdi tnrang bdng ky thuat Viin thdm vd hi thdng tin Dja ly, Tuyen tip eic bio cio khoa hgc tai Hdi nghj mdi tnrdng toin qude nim 1998, Nxb KH&KT, Hi Ndi, 1998, trang 1199-1210 Nguyen Qude Khinh Nghiin cim irng dung Cdng nghi viin thdm vd GIS xdy dung bd bdn dd hiin trgng Tdi nguyin thiin nhiin phuc vu cdng tdc quy hogch bdo vi Mdi tnrang cap tinh (Hdi Phdng), Thudc de tii nghien cim KHCN - Bd Tii nguyen Mdi trudng (2008) 266 ... theo so dd tren hinh dudi diy, vdi viee sir dung cic phan mem xir ly inh vi he thdng tin dja ly (GIS) [4] nhu sau: Cac tu lieu lien quan khac Lira chun luOi tua du, tien \ u Iv cac tirlieu nhap... lien ket niy rit tien lgi viee quin ly vi khai thie thdng tin LTng dung phuong phip vien thim vi GIS nghien cuu dinh gii bien ddng dudng bd, ludng lach di eho ket qui nhanh chdng, dim bio sy chinh... KH&KT, Hi Ndi, 1998, trang 1199-1210 Nguyen Qude Khinh Nghiin cim irng dung Cdng nghi viin thdm vd GIS xdy dung bd bdn dd hiin trgng Tdi nguyin thiin nhiin phuc vu cdng tdc quy hogch bdo vi Mdi tnrang