E] KHOA HQC CONG NGHE NGHIEN CDfll ANH HITANG C H A T LlTOiNG DIEN NANG D £ N T O N T H A T DIEN NANG TREN LlTdl DIEN Lcri tda soan Trong hai nam 2013 va 2014, Hdi Diin iuc Viet Nam dugc giao nhlim vu[.]
E] KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE NGHIEN CDfll ANH HITANG C H A T LlTOiNG DIEN NANG D £ N T O N T H A T DIEN NANG TREN LlTdl DIEN Lcri tda soan: Trong hai nam 2013 va 2014, Hdi Diin iuc Viet Nam dugc giao nhlim vu thUc hiin di tdi "Nghiin c^ dnh hudng chat lugng diin ndng den hieu quo sii dung dien "trong khudn kho Chuang trinh muc tieu quoc gia vi sddung ndng Iugng tiet kiim va hiiu qua Di tai GS VS TSKH Tran Dinh Long, Phd Chu tich Hdi Idm chu nhiem Degiup doc gia nam dugc thong tin vede tai Tap chi si lan luat gidi thieu ve muc tieu, cdc ndi dung nghien c&u cung nhu cdc ket qua cua de tai Tgi so Tap chi thdng 10 ndm 2013, Tda soan da gidi thieu vdi ddc gia ve cdc muc tieu chinh cua di tdi, phuang phdp nghien cdu, cdc noi dung nghiin cdu, tien trinh thuc hiin de tai cung nhucac sdn pham nghiin cdu Trong bai bdo nay, Tda soan xin dugc de cap din mot so cac noi dung nghien cdu lien quan den chdt lugng diin nang (CLDN) la ton that dien nang, nguyen nhan gay ton that va cac giai phap delam gidm ton that dien nang I Khai niem chung ve ton that ^ e n nang Ton that dien nang (TTON) he thdng dien (HTD) ndi chung la chenh lech gida lupng dien nang san xuat td ngudn dien va luong dien nang duoc tieu thu tai phy tai mdt khoang thai gian nhat djnh Trong thj trUdng dien,TTDN tren mdt ludi dien la sU chenh lech giQa luong dien nang di vao lUdi dien (bao gdm td d e ngudn dien va tU d c lUdi dien l l n can) va lupng dien nang di khdi ludi dien (bao gdm d p eho phu tai ciia ludi dien dd hole di sang cac khu v\Jc ludi dien l l n can) mdt khoing thdi gian nhat djnh ^ AP AA = /7AP(t)dt Trong dd: DP(t) - la h i m theo thdi gian cua ton that cong suit tren phan td DA - la TTDN tren phan td thdi gian T (dien tfch gidi han bdi DP(t) va d e true tpa dp nhu hinh 1) Phan loal ton that De cd the xae djnh mdt cieh ehinh xic va diy dii ve ton that dien ning, trUde het ehung ta can p h i n loai d c loai ton that Theo pham vi quan lyedTTON tren lUdi dien truyln tai va TTDN tren ludi dien phan phdi.Ty leTTDN HTD ehu yeu dludi p h i n phdi dien.Theo quan diem kinh doanh dien,TTON tren HTD dupc phan hai loai la TTDN ky thuit v l TTON thuong mai (hay la phi ky thuat) - TTDN ky thuat: La TTDN tfnh chat v i t ly eua qua trinh tai dien nang gay Loal ton t h I t khdng the loai bd hoan toan ma ehi cd the han che d mUe hpp ly Cy the hdn, ton t h I t ky t h u i t eung ed the chia t h i n h hai dang nhu sau: a) TTDN phu thudc vao ddng dien: LI tdn that phit ndng d e phan tded tai ddng dien, phu thudc vao eudng dp ddng dien va dien trd t i c dung cua phan td Cd the xem diy la tdn that doc Day 11 t h i n h phan ehinh dupc tinh den TTDN kythuat Hinh Ton that cong sudt va TTDN Khoing thdi gian xae djnh TTDN thudng la mot ngiy, mdt t h i n g hoic mdt nam tiiy thudc myc dich hoac cdng eu xic dinh TTON b) TTDN phu thudc vao diin dp: Bao gdm tdn that khdng tai ciia m i y bien ap (MBA), tdn t h I t v i n g quang dien, tdn that rd dien ( d e h dien khdng tdt), tdn t h I t mach tir eua eicthiet b j d o l u d n g D l y e d t h e x e m l a t d n thitngang TTDN tren mdt phan td cd the xae djnh bang each lUdng hole tinh toan nhusau: - 7TDW thuong mgi: Li luong TTON tren HTD khdng lien quan den tinh c h i t vat ly cua q u i trinh t i i dien ning Nguyen IB \Dien d Ddi song KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q n h i n I I v i n d l q u i n ly HTO Bdi viy, khdng the g i i i quyet b i n g cic bien p h i p ky t h u i t ma chi ed t h i dung eic bien phap q u i n ly kinh doanh Mdt sd trudng hpp cd the phin loai de xic djnh TTDN d khiu nio, tU cd bien p h i p xd ly Vi du TTDN khdng dugc do, dien nang khdng dUPe vao hda don, khdng duoc t r i tien hole chim tra tien TTDN thuong mai chu yeu xiy d ludi dien phin phdi TTDN Thilt bi dien nang thudng gpi l i cdng to bao gdm cdng to tie dung (do kWh) v l edng to phin khing {do kVArh) Cdng to lien tuc dien i p v l ddng dien tUe thdi, tfnh t o i n tfch sd cua hai dai lupng n i y rdi tich hpp theo thdi gian de tfnh tri sd dien ning can Ddi vdi tai nhd, ludi I p cdng to cd the lly true tiep ddng dien va dien i p td mach d n Ddi vdi lUdi cao i p , ddng dien p h u t i i ldn, edng to lay ddng dien va dien I p t U t h U d p c i c m i y bien ddng dien v i bien dien Ip.Theo cdng nghe che tao cd hai loai cdng to bao gdm edng to dien tU va edng to dien tU a Cdng to diin td Cau triic co b i n eua mot cdng to dien tU bao gdm ba phin: i Mach vao gdm ddng dien va dien ap, Van d l xae dinh ton that diin ning Nhin chung, khdng cd eich xae dinh chfnh xic TTDN Cd nhieu nguyen nhin, nhUng ehu yeu la vi thieu thdng tin he thdng ludng chua d i y du v i ddng bd, sd lieu ve ludi dien va phu t i i khdng chinh xic Bdi vay, thUe chit viec xae dinh TTON la danh gia hoac dubdo TTDN Tren lUdi dien truyen t i i , he thdng thdng tin va tu ddng hda thudng phai d i y du de dam bao muc tidu quin ly van hanh an toan, toi UuCung nhd dd, viec ludng va danh g i i TTDN chinh xae hon Ddi vdi ludi dien phan phdi, cic he thdng thdng tin ludng, giam sat nhin chung don giin khdi lUOng, chung loai thiet bi da dang, nen viec dinh g i i ehinh xic TTDN khd khan hon nhieu Bdi vi TTON HTD chii y l u n i m d lUdi dien phan phdi, nen yeu d u xle dinh TTDN chii yeu dat ddi vdi bd p h i n lUdi TTON lUdi dien phan phdi nhd hon 10% dUPe COI la chap nhan duoe Neu TTON tren 15% tUc l i ty le TTON thuong mai la dang ke, dd d n tinh toan p h i n TTDN ky thuat de d i n h g i i mUc tdn thIt thuong mai Ben canh dd viec xic dinh TTDN cung se eho mdt bUc tranh ehung ve ty le TTDN giUa cac bd p h i n ludi dien v i cie khu vue phu t i l de tir cd the de xuat cac g i l i p h i p g i i m TTON mdt cich hieu q u i tren ludi dien 11 Co eau cudn day ddng, ap va dia quay tuong tU mdt ddng co lii, Co d u dem va hien thj Cdng to lam viec dua tren nguyen ly cam Ung dien tU Ton that edng suit tren cudn dien ap rlt nhd, ed 2W Ton that tren cudn ddng dienty le vdi ddng dien nhung nhin chung cung nhd, chiedvai W Cdng to dien tU cd the gap mdt sd sai sd nhU sai sd phu tai khdng can b i n g dung cdng 10 ba pha, sai sd dia cdng to tu quay chi ed dien i p d i t vao cdng to va khdng cd tai b Cong to diin td Cdng to dien td, cdn goi la cdng to tinh, bien ddi ddng dien va dien ap duoc tren mach dien dang so, xd ly tin hieu sd de tinh toan nhieu dai luong lien quan khac va hien thi tren man dang LED hoac LCD Cdng to dien tdtfch hpp r l l nhieu tinh nang eho phep dac diem tieu thu dien ciia phutainhUthdigiansUdung(TOU), cdng suit cue dai, cac tham sd ddng dien, dien i p , he sd cosj,DTPT, ciing nhutuu trUva ket ndi, doc sd lieu tUxa Yeu cau vetdn thatva sai sd cua cdng todientd(tinh), d p chinh xae Class v i duoe quy dinh bdi tieu chuan lEC 62053-21, 2003 nhU sau - Ve tdn thIt edng suat, tdn that tren mach ap va mach ddng ndi trUc tiep vdi mach so cap hoac ndi vdi mach thu cap ciia bien dong dien va bien dien ap dieu kien tieu chuan (mat ddi xUng dien ap va ddng dien: ±1%, lech tan sd: ±0,3%, tdng dd bien dang sdng (TDH) ddng va ap: 2%, nhiet 23±2''C) khong vUPt qua cac gia tn d bing Bdng Tieu hao cong sudt cua cdng ta Cong to noi sO c^p Cdng to ndi thd cap 2W v i l OVA 0,5VA / ^-^ Class 1:4VA,L^^-2^VA -Wf Cac mach Machap Mach ddnq - Ve sai sd cua edng to, cd nhieu yeu td anh hudng Cae bang 2, bing va bing tdm t i t cac qui dmh ve sai sdcdng to theo tdng yeu tdanh hudng ehe dd xae l i p (de xet I n h hudng den TTDN) Dong dien tai nhiet dd lam viee v i d e ehi tieu chit luong dien nang (CLDN) Bdng Sai so cho phep theo ddng dien tdi Ddng diin tif Noi thd cap »5I