A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS – ENGLISH TOPICS FOR ALL Topic 01 ADJECTIVES Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – https //violet vn/quocbinh72 Trang 1/5 Chuyên đề 01 ADJECTIVES – TÍNH TỪ I Definition W[.]
A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS – ENGLISH TOPICS FOR ALL Topic 01 ADJECTIVES Chuyên đề 01 ADJECTIVES – TÍNH TỪ I Definition: Words that denote colours, sizes, shapes, weights, characteristics, quality, quantity, and states of things, persons, actions, etc Là từ dùng để màu sắc, kích cỡ, hình dạng, trọng lượng, đặc điểm, chất lượng, số lượng, trạng thái vật, tượng II Kinds (Classification): phân loại Main kinds: phân loại 1.1 Demonstrative: (tính từ định) this, that, those, these e.g This book is mine and that is yours I’d like to have a look at those shoes, please 1.2 Distributive: (tính từ phân phối) each, every, either, neither e.g Each room has its own TV set We care for every client there 1.3 Quantitative: (tính từ số lượng) some, any, no, little, few, many, much, numbers e.g Some books are new and few are old She has met many strangers in the town 1.4 Interrogative: (tính từ nghi vấn) which, what, whose e.g Which hat is your, the red or the blue one? What kind of films you like to watch? 1.5 Possessive: (tính từ sở hữu) my, your, his, her, our, its, their e.g Your car needs cleaning He apologized to her for having hurt her feelings 1.6 Quality: (tính từ phẩm chất) clever, dry, fat, golden, heavy,… e.g He was very clever at making decision The winners will be presented with golden medals Derived adjectives: Tính từ phái sinh tính từ phái sinh từ từ gốc khác để đảm nhận chức tính từ cụ thể sau: 2.1 Present participles: Một số động từ amaze, amuse, bore, embarrass, excite, exhaust, frighten, interest, surprise, tire, etc thêm hậu tố ING để tạo thành tính từ đặc điểm, tính chất vật, tượng như: amazing, amusing, boring, embarrassing, exciting, exhausting, frightening, interesting, surprising, tiring, etc e.g We found the film amazing They thought the long walk was tiring A boring night didn’t appeal to him An interesting book interested me The exciting monkey snatched the boy’s ice-cream 2.2 Past participles: Một số động từ amaze, amuse, bore, embarrass, excite, exhaust, frighten, interest, surprise, tire, etc thêm hậu tố ED để tạo thành tính từ đặc điểm, tính chất người như: amazed, amused, bored, embarrassed, excited, exhausted, frightened, interested, surprised, tired, etc e.g We are nearly exhausted after so long a walk They felt extremely tired after a day of hard work She was embarrassed when she found herself naked Susan became so excited when she heard the good news The boy was frightened by the thrilling action in the movie 2.3 Others: * compound words used as adjectives: e.g Ha Noi is a one-thousand-year-old city An eighty-year-old lady showed me the way here This is a hard-to-put-down book Those are hard-to-pick-up-again ones * noun-ed used as adjectives: e.g An one-eyed man told me to sit down The manned craft landed safely The unmanned one burst into flames after the crash That is the four-bedroomed flat * Adverbs-past participles used as adjectives: e.g He was a well-educated man They are properly-trained workers The poorly-prepared trip turned to be disastrous They entered an ill-lighted room Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – https://violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 1/5 A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS – ENGLISH TOPICS FOR ALL Topic 01 ADJECTIVES III Functions (Position): chức hay vị trí Noun-subordinator: Tính từ thực chức làm bổ nghĩa cho danh từ, tính từ thường đặt liền trước danh từ để tính chất, đặc điểm danh từ e.g This is a new book She is really a kind-hearted lady We live in a very large room Note: Khi có nhiều tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ ta cần ý đến trật tự tính từ bảng đây: Opinion → Size → Age → Shape → Color → Origin → Material e.g My beautiful large new round brown Vietnamese cornical leaf hat is overthere Verb-complementation: Tính từ thực chức làm bổ ngữ cho động từ, tính từ thường theo sau động từ (linking verbs) như: be, become, seem, appear, feel, get, grow (become), keep, look (appear), make, smell, sound, taste, turn,… e.g She is really beautiful They became more and more nervous He seemed tired Mr An felt a bit disappointed But some verbs can take either an adjective or an adverb: e.g He looks calm (=He himself is calm) He looks calmly at the angry crowd (= He shows no attitude to the angry crowd) IV Adjectival clauses: Một số mệnh đề tính ngữ thường gặp That – clause: It be adj that - S – V e.g It is disappointed that he failed the exam It’s better that someone should tell him find/ think/ believe + that: S – V - that - it be adj to-inf e.g I found that it is impossible to start now She thought that it was silly to ask him to stay We believe that it will be easier to get a seat in a university in the future Comment: Với tính từ theo cấu trúc: It be adj of O to - inf a Character: Các tính từ tính cách như: brave, careless, cowardly (nhút nhát), cruel, generous, good, nice (=kind), mean, rude, selfish e.g It is brave of Maria to go out at night alone It is cowardly of him not to talk in public spaces It is generous of Mr Pike to offer me a lift It is selfish to care for ourselves only b Sense: Các tính từ phẩm chất như: clever, foolish, idiotic (ngu), intelligent, sensible (nhạy bén), silly, stupid,… e.g It is idiotic of Maria to go out at night alone It is clever of him not to talk in public spaces It is sensible of Mr Pike to offer me a lift It is stupid to care for ourselves only Pronoun + be + adjs + noun + infinitives: Using the above adjectives and – Hình thức sử dụng tính từ phần trên, ngồi cịn dung với tính từ sau đây: astonishing, curious, ridiculous (lố bịch), unreasonable, funny(=strange), odd (lập dị), pointless, useful, useless,… S – V - adj - N to-inf e.g That’s the amazing idea to show It was an unreasonable result to accept He was an odd person to talk to It will be a funny thing to when we go fishing Dùng với tính từ sau: advisable, inadvisable, better, best, desirable, essential, good, important, necessary, unnecessary, vital (tất yếu),… It’s - adjs – to infinitives e.g It’s advisable to put our money into the bank It’s best to stop discussing the matter now It’s important to know one’s limitation Dùng với tính từ sau: convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, possible, important, safe,… e.g It’s safe for us to put our money into the bank It’s difficult for them to stop discussing the matter now It’s important for everyone to know one’s limitation Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – https://violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 2/5 A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS – ENGLISH TOPICS FOR ALL Topic 01 ADJECTIVES It be - adjs - (for O) – to infinitives Dùng với tính từ sau: angry, delighted, dismayed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sorry, sad,… S - be - adjs - to infinitives e.g They are angry to hear that their house was broken into He is delighted to know his entrance examination results I am glad to talk to you Others adjs + to find/ learn/ hear/ see/…) Như: able, unable, apt, inclined, liable, prone, prepared, quick, reluctant, slow, ready, willing, … S - be - glad/ happy/ sorry/ sad/… - to say/ tell/ inform e.g I am glad to tell you that you win the prize We are sorry to inform you that you lose the match Được dùng với tính từ sau: advisable, inadvisable, better, best, desirable, essential, good, important, necessary, unnecessary, vital, compulsory, suggested, etc It - be – adj that S – V (không chia)/ should V e.g It’s advisable that he (should) be on-time It’s vital that one (should) have medical insurance It’s important that corporal punishments on children be banned 10 Special cases: cấu trúc đặc biệt - Due: (sắp xảy thời gian) e.g The race is due to start in minutes - Due to: a result of (vì, bởi, kết quả) e.g The accident was due to his carelessness - Owing to: because of (bởi vì, bởi, nguyên nhân) e.g Owing to his carelessness, we had an accident - Certain/ sure + to V= opinion (chắc – suy đoán) e.g He is sure to take legal action - Certain/ sure that + (clause) = opinion (chắc – suy đoán) e.g I am certain that the price will be higher - Certain/ sure/ confident of + N/G: (chỉ tâm) e.g He was sure of entering the haunted house - Bound + to V= obligation (Việc sửa diễn ra) e.g We were bound to leave - Afraid/ ashamed of + N/G: (sợ hay xấu hổ điều gì) e.g She was afraid of being left alone - Sorry for/ about + N/G: (hối tiếc điều đó) e.g Tom felt sorry for making so many mistakes - Afraid/ ashamed/ sorry + to V: (sợ, xấu hổ, tiếc phải ) e.g I’m sorry to tell you that bad news - Anxious about = worried (lo lắng điều gì) e.g He was anxious about going in the dark alone - Anxious for O to V = wish (muốn làm gì) e.g He was anxious for you to go in the dark alone - Anxious that + (clause) e.g We are anxious that we couldn’t come - Fortunate/ lucky that + (clause) = It’s a good thing… e.g It was lucky that we weren’t late - S + be fortunate/ lucky to V e.g She was lucky to have such an interesting book - Possible/ probable/ likely + future = perhaps e.g It’s possible that man will live longer - Aware/ conscious of N/G e.g We should be aware of protecting our nature - Aware/ conscious + that + (clause) e.g She was conscious that she would be late V Suffixes: Cách kiến tạo tính từ qua hậu tố suffixes able portable al parental ed tired en woolen ful careful ial essential ible visible ic politic ing tiring words agreeable musical bored golden useful trial legible romantic boring eatable moral excited wooden helpful social edible historic exciting Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – https://violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 3/5 A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS – ENGLISH TOPICS FOR ALL Topic 01 ADJECTIVES 10 ish reddish whitish blackish 11 ive active effective native 12 less careless useless helpless 13 ly lovely lively friendly 14 ous industrious enormous dangerous 15 some troublesome worrisome 16 y wealthy healthy rainy others: an ese i ian ish other American Chinese Iraqi Australian English Czech Greek Nationality German Sudanese Israeli Brazilian Danish Dutch Swiss Venezuelan Vietnamese Yemeni Italian Turkish French Thai PRACTICE EXECISE: BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below 01 When I hear stories of cruelty to animals, it makes my _ boil A stomach B oil C blood D head 02 Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in _ of hours A an hour B a duration C a time D a matter 03 Concern for the environment is now at the _ of many governments' policies A core B aim C target D purpose 04 If we lose the case we may be _ for the costs of the whole trial A compatible B liable C available D accessible 05 We were all in _ of the fact that the new manager was our old-friend Duncan A surprise B shock C awe D amazement 06 Environmental groups try to stop farmers from using harmful _ on their crops A economy B agriculture C investments D chemicals 07 I tried to talk to her, but she was as high as a _ A kite B wall C sky D house 08 With black hair and eyes, she is _ of the people from her country A the same B typical C similar D identical 09 People tend to work hard at this _ of life A distance B stage C space D level 10 Concern for the environment is now at the _ of many governments' policies A core B aim C target D purpose 11 Books are still a cheap _ to get knowledge and entertainment A means B way C method D measure 12 Air and water pollution has driven many species to the _ of extinction A damage B exploitation C verge D increase 13 If I were you, I would take more _ in my work A confidence B pride C dedication D solution 14 If we lose the case we may be _ for the costs of the whole trial A compatible B liable C available D accessible 15 I had a _ chat with my manager and gave him an update on the project A brief B short C quick D lull 16 The sight of his pale face brought _ to me how ill he really was A place B house C life D home 17 It is _ of businessmen to shake hands in formal meetings A familiar B ordinary C common D typical 18 The _ for this position starts at thirty thousand euros per year Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – https://violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 4/5 A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS – ENGLISH TOPICS FOR ALL Topic 01 ADJECTIVES A wage B pension C salary D income 19 Since he started his own business he has been making money hand over _ A fist B heel C head D palm 20 The _ of the soil reduced the productivity of the farm A fertility B hardship C inadequacy D poverty 21 The striker had already celebrated the goal but the _ decided that he had been offside A examiner B judge C referee D inspector 22 We all wish to create a friendly and supportive environment _ to learning A accommodating B conducive C detrimental D liable 23 It’s time he acted like a _ adult and stopped blaming others for his wrong doings A believable B suitable C responsible D sociable 24 You are under no obligation to help as assistance is purely _ A free B voluntary C charitable D donated 25 It is regretted that there can be no _ to this rule A exception B exclusion C alternative D deviation 26 They live in a very _ populated area of Italy A sparsely B scarcely C hardly D barely 27 The poor child was in floods of _ because his bicycle had been stolen A weeping B crying C tears D unhappiness 28 I left my last job because I had no _ to travel A place B position C opportunity D possibility 29 I would like to offer a small _ to anyone who finds my missing dog A expense B repayment C receipt D reward 30 We take _ in doing the washing-up, cleaning the floor and watering the flowers A turn B actions C measures D turns 31 I had no _ that the divorce rate was so high in this country A idea B understanding C doubt D knowledge 32 He was a natural singer with a voice that was as clear as _ A a bell B a mirror C a waterfall D a lake 33 He was very upset by the _ of his English examination A failure B result C success D effect 34 The local clubs are making every _ to interest more young people A volunteer B effort C donation D fund 35 I must tell you about my _ when I first arrived in London A happenings B experiences C events D incidents 36 The fastest runner took the _ just five metres before the finishing line A advance B lead C place D head 37 The complaints he received were like water off a duck’s _ A wings B body C back D feather 38 My sister was making _ at me when my mom wasn't looking A hands B faces C backs D chests 39 Her guest apologized for causing her so much _ A damage B complication C problem D trouble 40 People usually look through travel _ to decide on their holiday destinations A catalogues B brochures C handbooks D lists _HẾT _ Chú ý: Để chủ động thời gian học tập, làm tập, thi tốt trị có kí kênh: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCr9-RZ7LvDXAAOibSAsC8Mg?view_as=subscriber theo dõi videos giảng thầy Chi tiết liên hệ: binhbac72@gmail.com https://violet.vn/quocbinh72 https://facebook.com/d.q.binh https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCr9-RZ7LvDXAAOibSAsC8Mg tel: +84987827866 Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – https://violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 5/5 ... Danish Dutch Swiss Venezuelan Vietnamese Yemeni Italian Turkish French Thai PRACTICE EXECISE: BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete... destinations A catalogues B brochures C handbooks D lists _HẾT _ Chú ý: Để chủ động thời gian học tập, làm tập, thi tốt trị có kí kênh: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCr9-RZ7LvDXAAOibSAsC8Mg?view_as=subscriber... the angry crowd (= He shows no attitude to the angry crowd) IV Adjectival clauses: Một số mệnh đề tính ngữ thường gặp That – clause: It be adj that - S – V e.g It is disappointed that he failed