t"^ Ho Chl Minh va quan diem ve phuong phap giao duo VC VAN CAM Muc dich giao due tfong tu tudng Hd Chl Minh khdng ehi bd hep tfong vide day tfi thfle, ndng cao tfinh dd hgc vain, md cdn nhdm ddo lao[.]
t"^ Ho Chl Minh va quan diem ve phuong phap giao duo VC VAN CAM uc dich giao TU tudng Hd Chi Minh bao triim len phuong phap vl giao due Nguyen tdc dugc due tfong tu ntiigu ITnh vuc dc(l sdng xa hfil, dd tudng Hd tu tudng ve gido due mang nliung gid trj Ngudi van dyng xuydn sud't tfong vide gido due Chl Minh khdng ehi bd nhdn van cao cd, dat nen mdng cho hep tfong vide day tfi thfle, viec xdy dung nen gido due ddn chu can bd, dang vidn, cdng ndng cao tfinh dd hgc vain, mdi nudc ta Quan di^m vd' cdc nhdn, ndng dan bd ddi, m' thfle, hge sinh smh vidn md cdn nhdm ddo lao phuong phdp gido due cua Nguoii cd y phu nfl, thid'u nien nhung ngudi phdi nghia sdu sSc vd' ly ludn vd thuc lidn nhi ddng Dua ly luan tridn loan didn vd tfi ihflc, dnh hudng sdu rdng tdi sU nghiep cdch vao cudc sdng la eon nhdn each Vi vay, mang Vidt Nam vd vide ddo tao nguon dudng ngdn nhdt dd khdc qud tfinh gido due, Hd Chi nhan luc cho su nghidp cdng nghiep phuc bdnh kinh vidn, sach Minh dac bidt quan ldm hda, hidn dai hda dd't nudc phuc vu cho vd tfong giao due Gdn Iy ddn phuang phap giao due qud trinh ddi mdi, hdi nhdp hidn ludn vdi thuc tidn, rdi l^ cho cd hidu qua, khoa thue tidn sinh ddng cung cd, bd sung, hoan hgc, phong phu, da dang vd mdu mye Ngudi quan nidm phuang phdp giao due thidn vide nhdn thfle nhung ly ludn mdi dd cd phai edn efl vdo dd'i tugng, hodn canh vd dilu nhan thfle dung ddn hem kidn eu thd, phai sftc Iam nhung khdng dugc Cac phuong phdp gido due chi dat hidu qua vdi, phai cd kd hoach timg bude Trong qua phfl hgp vdi dde didm eua timg dd'i iugng trinh lanh dao cudc each mang Vidl Nam ndi gido dye Vao ndm 1955, ihu gfli hoc chung cung nhu cae vdn dl lidn quan de'n gido sinh, can bd niin, nhi ddng, Ngudi da ndu dye ndi ridng, Ngudi ludn xac djnh nguydn lde ro nhiem vu cua mdi edp hgc: vdi bdc dai hoc thdng nhd'l gifta ly ludn va thuc lidn, coi ddy la thi cdn ket hgp 1^ Iudn khoa hgc vdi thyc hanh, nguyen tdc co ban cho viee xdy dung cac sflc hgc tdp 1J ludn va khoa hgc tidn tidn ciia M [ i f l S6 351 b i i Thana 9-2013 CHAN n i J N n nudc ban, kdt hgp vdi thyc tiln eua nudc ta; bde trung hge thi cdn dam bao hgc sinh hgc nhimg tri Ihflc phd thdng ehde chdn, thidl thuc, phu hgp vdi nhu cdu va tidn dd xdy dyng nudc nhd; hoe sinh tidu hgc thi cdn dugc gido due ldng ydu nude, ydu nhdn ddn, ydu lao ddng, ydu khoa hgc vd trgng ciia edng Nhu vdy tu tudng Hd Chi Minh da dd cao vide la'y ngudi hge ldm trung tdm dd Iua ehgn ndi dung phuong phap gido due eho phfl hgp Cd nhu vdy mdi thfle ddy giao due phdt tridn, thda man nhu cdu hgc tdp cua limg dd'i tugng cua ndu guong gido dye dao dflc each mang Hd Chi Minh da phat ddng phong tfdo thi dua sdi ndi sdu rdng loan xa hdi, ldy gucrng ngudi tdt, viec tdt dd gido due each mang, xay dung ngudi va cudc sdng mdi Cac bidn phdp ndu guong hdt sflc da dang nhung dd, edch tu ndu guong duoc Hd Chi Minh coi tfgng, dd cao Dd'i vdi can bd quan ddi, Ngudi can dan mdi can bd chi huy vd qudn sy cung nhu vl chinh trj phai Id mdt tdm gutmg, mdt kidu mdu dd moi ngudi hgc tdp Nhu vdy mudn luydn tfuydn, thuydt phyc ngudi Hd Chi Minh da dua nhidu quan didm vd khac thi mdi ca nhdn phai nghidm khdc vdi ban phuong phdp gido due phfl hgp vdi lung dd'i than, khdng ngflng lu dudng, rdn luyen theo iugng, iflmg tdng ldp xa hdi nhu cdn bd, nhung chudn myc dao dfle Sinh thdi mdi ldi ehidn si, qudn ehung nhdn dan, phu nfl, ndi hdnh ddng cua Ngudi deu chudn mye, thidu nidn , kdt hgp va vdn dung mdt each guong mdu, cd y nghla thuydt phuc sau rdng nhuan nhuyin cac phuong phap de tdc ddng Ca eude ddi Ngudi la hidn than eua mdt nhan hieu qua tdi mgi dd'i tugng gido due Giao due each ldn, nhung vd cflng gdn gui, blnh di khid'n bang each giang giai, thuydt phyc dugc Ngudi ldp ldp the he ngudi Vidl Nam ddu noi theo coi lam co sd de thuc hidn edc phuong phdp Ngudi da ly ran minh phai ldm guong anh giao dye khdc Giai phap thuydt phuc Id qud em va di cdng tac, gdng Iam guang cho dan trinh boat ddng cd y thfle, cd muc dich, cd ke vl ca ba mat linh thdn, vat chdt va van hda hoach bang ly le va viec lam mlu mUC de Cudc ddi va sy nghiep eua Hd Chf Minh chfnh ngudi khae hidu duge mue dfch cua vd'n dd, tin la td'm guong sdng cho mgi ngudi noi theo va lam theo Phuong phap gido due phai dua Trong nhimg nam thang giae ngoai xam, giac tfdn "nguydn tdc lu nguyen, tu giac, giai thich, ddi, giac ddt hodnh hanh, de Iam guong cho ban bae, thuydt phue chfl khdng gd bd" (1), dd todn dan chien thdng giac ddi, Ngirdi lu neu mgi ngudi thdy dugc cdi hay, cai dung, eai cd guong thye hdnh ild'i kidm bang cdeh eft mudi lgi thi se ty gidc ldm theo Phuong phap giao nhjn an mdt bfla, mdi thdng nhin ba bfla, due phai nhe nhdng, khdng gd ep, phai chfl tao hu gao till kidm de loan Dang, todn quan, bdi dudng phuong phap tu phat huy ndi loan ddn noi theo lyc, tu bien ehflng, ly ludn va su sang lao Nhd'n manh phuong phdp giao due bang cho ngudi hge each thuyet phuc, Hd Chf Minh cung ddng thdl chi rd vai trd, tac dung cua phuang phap bat Hd Chl Minh dae bidt quan tdm den vide thuyet phuc ngudi khde bdng phuong phap ndu budc, xfl phat Khi cac phuong phdp khae da guong Day Id phuong phap ed tae dung idl, dugc sfl dung nhung vdn khdng mang Iai kdl phCi hgp vdi tfuydn thdng, dae didm iam Iy eua qua thi xfl phat la cdn thie't Nd'u khdng xfl phat cac dan lde phucmg Ddng vd cua ngudi Vidl ed ldi thi se mdt ky lual, md dudng eho bgn Nam: "Cac ddn tde phuong Ddng ddu giau tinh cd y phd hoai Tuy nhien, tfong mgi hodn canh cam, va dd'i vdi hg mdt tdm guong sdng cdn cd neu hoan lodn khdng xu phat Id khdng dung, gia tfl han mdt tram bdi diln van luydn ma chfll gi cung dung den xir phat eung khdng truyln"(2) Ngudi quan tdm den vide xdy dung dflng Dac bidt irong quan ddi, Ngudi ihudng nhflng guong ngudi td't, vide tdt tfong phong xuydn nhdc nhd cac can bd, chidn si phai cham Irao each mang va cd vu, ddng vidn, khuyen lo xay dung ky luat tu giac, nghidm mmh, bdi khich mgi ngudi noi theo Dd phdt huy tdc dung bd ddi khdng cd ky luat, danh giac nhal dinh Sd 3511 Thang 9-20131 thua Ky luat dy Irudc hit phai xud't phat tfl linh lu gidc, tu nguydn cua lflng cd nhan vd eua ea tap thd Vd phuong phap thuc hdnh ky luat Hd Chf Minh nha'n manh vide dflng vu phd binh vd tu phd binh vide quan ly vd tri chd'p hdnh ky ludt Theo Ngudi, bdnh tham Iam li/dl bid'ng ba hoa, bd phdi, dia phuong ehii nghla, ham danh vi, qudn phidt, quan lieu, xa rdi qudn chflng, hep hdi, chudng hinh ihfle, ldi ldm vide ban gid'y, vd ky ludt, fch ky, hu hda diu xua't phat Ifl cdn bdnh chu nghTa cd nhdn Dd didu tri Ciic chflng bdnh d'y khdng cd thude dae hieu ndo ban la tu phd binh vd phd blnh Ngudi coi day la phuang phdp gido dye dat duge hidu qua cao phdt huy uu didm, khdc phuc nhimg khuyd't didm, cd duge didu kien hidu rd ban dd doan kd't, giup dd lien bd Phd binh vd lu phd binh theo Ngudi la thang thude hay va thidt thyc nhat Do dd, mdt ngudi can bd Id't thi phai cd dao dfle each mang, phai bid'l phd binh va tu phd blnh, phai biet ky ludt Caeh thfle, bidn phap phd binh vd tu phd binh phai tnet dd, thdt iha, khdng nd nang, khdng thdm bdt, phai vach rd uu didm vd khuyd't didm Theo Hd Chi Minh, tu phd binh va phd binh ludn phai di ddi vdi Muc dfch la giup moi ngudi hoc dugc uu didm cua va giflp sua chfta nhflng khuyd't diem Muc dieh cua phd blnh Dang chinh la su giup dd cung sua chfta eung tidn bd sua ddi cdeh Iam vide eho tdt hon, dung hon, ddng thdl edn dodn kd't va thd'ng nhdt ndi bd Hd Chl Mmh eOng rdt quan tam ddn viec khfch le thi dua giao due Ngudi danh gid cao val trd eua ihl dua, vi thi dua phan anh ban chd't cua chddd mdi Thi dua Id bidn phap khde phyc khd khdn, gianh dugc nhilu thdng lgi eho sy nghidp each mang la bidu hidn smh ddng cua Idng ydu nudc Trong khang chid'n nhd cd thi dua ma ddt nudc gidnh duge thdng lgi Tfl hda blnh ldp lai, nhd thi dua ma dat nude vugt qua nhieu khd khan vd thu duoc nhidu tfeh Thi dua lao the hang hai, khdng ngai vdl va, nhanh ehdng hodn nhidm vu vdi hidu qua eao nha't Coi thi dua thue su la cudc 'iT!lSd351 w l Thang 9-2013 dua lai dd tao ndng sud^t, chdt lugng, hidu qua eao cdng vide dd ifl dd cd tinh cam, trdeh nhidm tham gia phong trdo vdi muc dich ro rdng, thidt thue, vdi tinh thdn tu giac, ddng ca sdng Hd Chi Minh eho rdng edn thudng xuydn gdn thi dua vdi ddng vien, khen thudng Khen thudng cung Id each thftc, bidn phap gifio due ed f nghia ed ddng khich Id Khen ihudng dung se lde ddng tdt ddn ea nhflng ngudi da e6 thdnh lieh ldn nhflng ngudi chua cd lich Khi dugc khen thudng thi bd ddi ddng bao c6 thdnh tfch se cdng hdng hai ban va nhflng ngudi chua cd Ihdnh lich se thi dua ti'eh cyc hon Thdng nam 1946, Hd Chi Minh da kj ban Qudc lenh, dd cd ghi ro; 'Trong mdt nudc thudng phat phai nghidm minh thi nhdn dan mdi ydn dn, khang chidn mdi thdng lgi, kidn qude mdi edng"(3) Ngudi can ddn cdn bd quan ddi dd nghi dugc ihudng huan chuong thi phai cdng bd cho bd ddi biet Chi'nh phu san sang thudng nhflng ngudi cd tich, dd la each ddng vidn kip thdi, c6 lae dung tuydn truyin sau sde Nhdt quan vdi phuong chdm hge di ddi vdi hanh ly luan lidn hd vdi thuc tidn, Hd Chi Minh het sfle eoi trgng phucmg phap ty ren luydn Mdi ca nhan phai ed nghj lue quydt tam ren luydn ban than, khdng ngai khd, khdng ngai khd, eoi gian nan, thu thach tfong cudc sdng la Irudng hge ren luydn Xudt phat tfl quan didm khoa hoc va each mang irong vide xem xet vai trd cua giao due hinh thdnh nhdn each, Ngudi eung ehi rd nhung ngudi each mang mudn eo dao dflc cdch mang thi phai dugc ren luydn mdt cdch tich eye, kidn tfi cudc sdng hang ngay, tfong khd khan thu thach, gian nan ren luydn mdi Ihanh cdng Dao dflc each mang khdng phai ifl tfdn trdi sa xudng, ma ddu tranh, ren luydn bdn bi hang ngdy mdi ed dugc Dao dflc d'y phai dugc phat triln vd ciing cd Ihudng xuydn nhu nggc cang mai cang sang, vdng cang luydn cdng tfong Tuy khdng dd lai mdt tdc phdm, mdt hd thdng ly Iuan vd cac phuang phap giao due, nhung nhftng vide lam thiet thyc va nhftng (xem tie'p trang 104) bi giam edm dja nguc cua eai ddi ndm hgc chi cd thd ift "chang bidt md te gi" ddn cudi eflng Id 'chua bidl sao"; Id bd gido "ea ngdy khdng ndi nua ldi tuyet nhien khdng hd rdng ndi didu gi"; Id dng gido "khdng bao gid du tinh id vd edng khdng dii mdt day dl nhdn minh la nhdn vdl ehinh cdu chuydn thdu ddt"; Id nhung "san phdm cua mdt thdi dai ihidu thdng lin thfla nghi ngd thidu nhin vdo ldng mlnh nhung lai thfch nhln vdo bdnh vl bl ngodi ciia ke khae" Ta't ea hg da ddnh md't ldm hdn minh, cai su sd'ng dieh thyc ciia mdi cd nhdn ngudi dd hgp Iai vdl thdnh mdt thuc thd nhd't tfl niu sy cdu thuc eua tfnh don nhdt vl tinh Ihdn cua mdt ddm ddng md mgi tu ludng, tinh cam ddu hudng vd mdt dieh Chdu Didn da to rd sy trai nghidm sdu sdc eua mlnh qua each nhln nhan gia trj ciia cudc sdng dudi lang kfnh cua cai chdt Cac nhdn vdt irong tdc phdm cua dng da sdng - ehdl irong thuc - ao, linh - me cua tdm hdn minh Mdi ngudi chap nhan, ting xfl vdi cai ehdl mdi each khae Trong sd hg ed ngudi da ngd, nhidn van edn Idm ke mang tfong ddu nhflng y mem da hdn sau khdng thd nao thay ddi HO CHI MINH (tie'p theo trang 98) bai vidt ngdn ggn, sue tfch eua Hd l^f Mmh da ham chfla tu tudng vd edc phucmg phap gido dye khoa hgc, thill thuc, phu hgp vdi thuc tiln Cae phuong phap gido dye cua Ngudi ludn phan dnh ban cha't nhdn dao, nhdn van eua ndn gido due xa hdi chii nghla, ludn quan tdm dd'n su phat tridn loan dien cua mdi ngudi, hudng eon ngudi vuon tdi cde gia tfi chan, thien, my Vide su dling cde phucmg phdp gido due vfla phai khoa hgc, vfta phai kheo leo, td nhj Cdn phai bid't dya vao ddi tugng giao due, hodn eanh eu the dd kd't hgp cde phuong phdp gido due phfl hgp: giang giai thuyd't phue vdi ndu guong ngudi Idt, vide td't; ty phd bmh vdi phd binh; thi dua vdi khen thudng, bat bude xfl phat Trong dd, phai la'y gido due thuydt phuc lam co sd vi IIUJS0 351 Thang 9-2013 Ngadi sdng Mi Id mdt thdnh edng ldn cua nhd van Chdu Didn Bdng nhdn vdt tri thftc Chau Dien khdng chi thd hien cdi nhin ddy tridt ty eua minh vd ddi ngudi quan nilm vd sy sdng, edi chll ddc biet la sd phdn ngudi tfi ihftc mdt giai doan lieh sfl ddc biet ma cdn chi sai ldm cua ngudi tuydt ddi hda vai trd cua tu tudng ddn dlh su Idch lac ddi sdng linh ihdn cua hg DT nhidn, khdng cd gia trj ndo Id nhd't Vd ngudi chl cd Ihd khang dinh dugc gia tri cua sinh mdnh ddi mlnh thftc nhdn ddy du cac gia trj vdl chdt tu tuong va ly tuong Va'n dl la khdng ehi cdn tri thftc dd nhdn diln khdng gian sinh mdnh cua chinh minh md eon ngudi cdn phai ed du nang luc dd cd thd ngugc xufli eac midn sdng dy, dd dugc sdng thyc thd^gidi vat chd't, khdng bj Iac ldi tfong ly ludn hay md mudi, ao tudng nhflng didu thdn • N.M.H I C^c irich din irong bM d^u lit Chau Dien Ngudi sdng Me Nxb Thdi dgi - Tmng tam Vdn hda ngdn ngd Ddng Tdy, Ha N6i, 2003 muc dfch giao due xa hdi mdi la xdy dung y thftc tu gidc tinh thdn lam ehii, phat tridn lodn didn d mdi eon ngudi Quan didm hidn vdn edn nguydn gid trj, ddi hdi mdi ngudi tfl bdc Iam cha me, cdn bd giao dye ddn mgi tdng ldp xa hdi cdn nghidn cun, qudn tridt vd thye hien triet dd nhdm tao ndn ddi ngu can bd vira cd due cd tdi vfla cd tdm lanh dao vd nhimg thdhe edng ddn cd tri tud phdm chdt dao dflc, gdp phdn vao su nghidp edng nghiip hda, hiln dai hda dd't nude • V.VC Hd Chi Minh todn lap tap 8, Nxb Chinh trt Qudc gia Ha N6i, 1996, tr,216 Hd Chi Minh lodn tdp, l&p I, Nxb Chinh in Qudc gia Ha tibi, 1995, lr.263 Hd Chi Minh lodn tap, ISp 4, Nxb Chinh tri Qud'c gta.HkNti, 1995, tr.l63 ... Hd Chi Minh da kj ban Qudc lenh, dd cd ghi ro; ''Trong mdt nudc thudng phat phai nghidm minh thi nhdn dan mdi ydn dn, khang chidn mdi thdng lgi, kidn qude mdi edng"(3) Ngudi can ddn cdn bd quan. .. dd''t nude • V.VC Hd Chi Minh todn lap tap 8, Nxb Chinh trt Qudc gia Ha N6i, 1996, tr,216 Hd Chi Minh lodn tdp, l&p I, Nxb Chinh in Qudc gia Ha tibi, 1995, lr.263 Hd Chi Minh lodn tap, ISp 4, Nxb... todn quan, bdi dudng phuong phap tu phat huy ndi loan ddn noi theo lyc, tu bien ehflng, ly ludn va su sang lao Nhd''n manh phuong phdp giao due bang cho ngudi hge each thuyet phuc, Hd Chf Minh