iTCr nha thuyen, nha be den nha be tong Sl/thich ufng cua cUdan thuy dien len bd tai djnh ai* NGUYEN DUY TffltU** C ho t d nay, d nUde ta, v i n edn k h i nhilu nhdm efl din thuy efl, sinh sd'ng k h i p mpi mien sdng nflde C6 t h i ndi, eic cpng ding thuy cfl n i y cd m i t rai ric khip mpi miln sdng nfldc Hp p h i n bd' t i p trung tai mdt sd' vung mien nhfl Vinh Bfic Bp, trdn sdng Huong v i tren dam p h i Tam Giang - Cau Hai thupc tinh Thfla Thien Hue, dpc theo ven bien miln trung Thich nghi cung d e u kien mdi trudng sdng nUdc ea mdt qui trinh liu dii, d eie cdng dong cfl dan niy, d i hinh nen nhifng nep song/van hda ri't die thu Trong edng cudc p h i t triin cua da't nflde, mdt s l edng dong ngfl dan thiiy d d n sing t i p trung nhfl d Vinh Ha Long (Quang Ninh) v i d dam p h i Tam GiangCau Hd, Thfla Thien - Hue d i dflge dfla len bd t d dinh cfl Viec to ehfle eho cac efl din thliy cu t d dinh eU tren di't lien, thflc t l d i sinh nhieu vi'n de, Trong pham vi bai bii viet n i y ehung tdi chi dl cip t d vi'n dl loai hinh cfl tni eua eie cU dfin thliy eu v i nhiihg vi'n dl dat t l ehfle eho hp efl tru tren bd, eae khu vflc t i i dinh cfl Ttf nha t h u y e n d^'n nha be 1.1 Nhd thuyin Nhfl chung ta deu bilt, moi hd efl d i n thuy efl thudng cfl trfl mdt thuyen Ngoii chflc ning cua mdt ngdi "nha", trfldc h i t eon thuyen la mdt cdng eu s i n xua't cua ngfl dan Thuyin giup cho eon ngtfdi di ehuyen tren m i t nfldc Sfl dung thuyen vio mue dich d i n h b i t ca, eon ngfldi ed the manh tren hai phflong d e n : di chuyen nhanh de viy bua nhifng loai e i cd td'e dp boi nhanh vi die biet la d biln xa D l di bien thuyin phai dflge ei'u tao thich hgp vdi d e u kien tfl nhien eua ttfng vimg biln cu the Thi du vung biln Vinh Bic Bd (ti'nh tfl H i Tinh trd ra) l i m bao t l dd ngfl din phai ddng thuyin ed ldng rpng v i ndng, man Bai Viet duoc thuc hien khuon khd De tai "Dinh cu trdn bd vi su biS'n ddi van hda ciia cu dan thuy di6n d vinh Ha Long (Qu^ng Ninh) va dim pha Tam Giang - Ciu Hai (Thfla Thifin Hu6) mfi s5 rV5.3-2012-21 Quy Phit triin Khoa hoc va Cdng ngh^ Qud'c gia (Nafosted) tii trp ru lieu cho bai vi§t dUa trgn ket qua dilu tia, khao sit tai vinh Ha Long, Quing Ninh vi i^;'pn?T^a x7^™ ^'^"^'^^^ »«i.Thira Thidn-Hu^ vio cac nam 2014 va 2015 PGS.TS Nguyen Duy Thi^u, Bio ting DSn t$c hoc Vidt Nam Nguyen Duy Thi$u - THe nhd thuyen, nhd be den nhd be tong thuyen thap V d cau tao nhfl v i y thi han ehe' dtfgc stf l i t thuyin mdi gap bao Nhtfgc d i m ciia loai thuyin n i y l i d e n tieh vd thuyen tilp xue v d ntfdc ldn, nen Itfc can cua ntfdc l i m cho td'e dd d chuyen eua thuyen bi han ehe Vung b i l n tfl Nam Tnmg Bd trd v i o it bao to hon nen ngtf dan ddng thuyen hep ldng, man thuyen eao hon Theo each caii tao ay, d e n tich cua vd thuyen tilp xue v d nflde be hon, nhd v i y m i thuyin d chuyen nhanh hon Nhtfgc d e m ciia loai thuyen n i y l i gap bao to' thi hay bi lit Cd t h i ndi, muon d i n h bat ca ed hieu qua m i trfldc tien l i mudn an t o i n eho eon ngtfd thi ve m i t ky thuit, thuyin phai dflge tiiiet k l phti hgp v d d e u kien thien nhien cua tflng vung bien cu t h i Dd'i v d b l phan ngtf dan ctf tni tren di't liln chi sfl dung t h u y i n d d i n h ea thdi thi hp ciing da rat ehu y den sfl an t o i n eua eon thuyen, edn dd'i vdi eic bd phan thuy cfl, thuyin khdng chi l i mpt phflong tien d l d i n h ca m i cdn l i n d d cho ca nha, nlu cd rui ro thi ea n h i chd't saeh nen hp cing chfl y hon t d stf an t o i n eua eon thuyen Do dd, thuyen d bien thtfdng dflge ddng ri't chie c h i n Tuy thupc v i o d e u kien cua mdi trtfdng song m i thuyln/nhi cua ttfhg nhdm ctf d i n cd nhflhg ndt die thu ridng Vi du loai thuyin bulm cua ngfld Bo Ld d vtmg bien ttf Quang Binh t d Thanh Hoa cd dp d i i 28 thtfde t i c (4 thUdc=lm); dp rdng n h a t eiia thuyen (tai thoen md) l i 6,8 thudc Con thuyen dflge chia t h i n h khoang (xem so 2), moi khoang c6 chflc n i n g v i ten ggi ridng Trong dd cd khoang: khoang kiee miii 63 khoang mui, khoang long, khoang qua va khoang kiec la nhOfng khoang dung de chfla c i d i n h b i t dtfgc; cdn khoang gifla Ibng thuyen la n d sinh hoat cua gia dinh: dd khoang n h i la n d de ngu, phia d u d sap ngu chfla edng cu d i n h c i (cau va Itfd), v i khoang gifla la "phdng" bep, (khoang bep cung cd till lim n d ngu, nhi't la phu nfl v i tie em) Khoang n h i dflge kien trflc phu hgp de ehe mfla tranh ning, chong gid ret Thdng thfldng n h i thuyin d song thi mai thuyen lam tam bg bing phdn, cdn efl dan d biln tin mai thuyin duge l i m thap (tianh bio td) v i rait chie chan Khung thuyin va vd thuyin thudng dflge ddng b i n g gd s i n g le, mdt loai gd xuong nflde ed sflc noi ldn v i ri't ben, Du c h i t hep nhimg khoang n h i bao gid gia ehii ciing s i p xip b i n thd vfla de thd t l tien, vfla d l thd eie vi t h i n h phii hd dp tri cho ngfl dan Xua moi gia d n h thfldng ehl cd mdt thuyin nen ci n h i thfldng du canh du cfl tren bien, ca ldng lan ngoii k h d , thach thflc v d hoin canh nhieu ri't khd'c liet cua thien nhidn, T h d gian gan diy, die biet l i dd'i v d nhifng gia dinh k h i gia, moi hp da sam hai hoic eon thuyin: mdt thuyin de lam n h i d; mdt thuyin de d danh c i ngoii bien k h d v i mdt thuyen nhd de tien d chuyen cho sinh boat b i n kinh ngin Xu the' tach thuyin d danh ea khdi thuyen lam nha d p h i t tiiln manh thap ky gan day, m i mdt bd phan ldn ctf d i n thuy ctf d i ehuyin tfl n h i thuyin len nha be 2.2 Nhd be Thuyen dtfgc ddng bing gd 64 b&ng viin, c6n b6 duac 14m tir cie loai tre, bu'