Tap cU CBag tic Tin giio I VAI NET VE TIN NGtfONG DAN GIAN CHU YEU HIEN NAY CUA CQNG BONG NGUDl KHd-ME VUNG TAY NAM BO PHAM NGOC HOA * ay Nam Bp (ddng bang sdng Cdu Long) bao gim 13 tinh, Tdy Nam Bd cd dipn tioii ty nhiSn gan triSu ha, vdi hdn 18 triSu ddn sinh sdng, ehilm 19,8% dan sd d nude Tay Nam Bp la dja ban ed nhieu dan tpc sinh scng, trpng dd, ngudi Kinh cd dan sO ddng nhat, chiem hdn 90% dan se, ngUdl Hoa cd khoang 192.000 ngudi (chllm 1,1%), Quang canh ngiy Tit cS tmyen Choi ChnSm Thmay tai chua ngudi Cham cd Xem Can (xa Vlnh Trach Bdng, TP Bac Lieu) Anh: TL khoang 15.000 ngudi (chiem 0,08%), ngudi Khd-me cd Me-Kdng da td lau adi Hdn 90% sd hp khoang 1,2 tneu ngudi, tap trung ddng nhat la nOng dan Ida nude Cd the ndi cdng oac tinh See Trang (khoang 400.000), Trd dong ngudi Kho-me d ddng bang Sdng Cdu „!,", il;!??^!;^ 320.000), Kien Giang (khoang Long (Viet Nam) la mflt cac dan tdc da 204.000), An Giang (khoang 85.000), Bac ed cdng khan hoang nhdng vdng rdng rdm, ^Qnnr°r"^f°°??i' ?'M^°J!^^°™9 39.000), Ca Mau (khoang 24.000), VTnh Long (J(hcang 21.000)'" Ngoai cd mpt sp dan tOc khac vdi dan sd khoang 4.600 ngudi (chlem 0,02% so vdi dan sd toan vung) Ngufll Kho-me lam an d chau thd song * Hoc vien Chinh tri khu viic IV ''^° ^^"^ * ° ^ ' "^'3= v^"?' qua nhdng thi) thach nghlSt, day idi thiSn _u,._ nhiSn hoang ths^h khac n,s,-„„hia .»*, I,MTI,;»_ L _ vang, ddi phd vdi thd do, benh dich d vdng Tay Nam Bfl Quari sat diSn mao cda ngudi Khd-me^d chau tho song Cdu Long, chdng ta biet rang, "dan tpc td xa xua da chiu anh hudng sau nang cda nen van hda An Dp, thdng_flua dao Ba-la-mdn, roi dao Phat Van hoa An DO tham nhap vao day khdng phai thOng qua duflng xam luge ma qua dudng truyen dao cua giao sT va thuong Sis -20/7 T;p cti caag tic Tan giao thSm mdt le xin nddc mda nda L l Ian ddpc to chdc quy md hon, cdc sU sdi, thddng khdang vai sU, ddng ngodi nang hanh le, cd ddo ao sau heac mdt chau thau khd t h i ed, cua, Ich d l ndi len sy khd ban cdng cyc cho ngudi va muOn loai, mong trdi ddng Idng xem xet ipi md ban nudc mua xudng cho ngudi ldm mong, chan nudi vd cho sinh vat D i n 15 thang 10 Am Ijchj cdng adng ngydi Khd-me lai to ohdc le Cung trang, gpi Id le "Ooc Ombdc" Vat aupc cdng le la com aep va Ida nep thu hoach sdm Ngoai ra, nhdng ndng sdn khac cung dupe cpng aing ngufli Khdme mang ddng cdng nhu budi, cam, chudi, dda, khoai Day la l l on trdi - dat - Cac nghi le nong nghiep nudc, gidp ngddi cd dupo mua mdng Cgng ddng ngddi Khd-me sdng chd ylu sinh sdng Le ed thSm phdn long trgng nhd dya vdo nghi ndng nhu lann Ida nudc, ciian cd hpi dua ghe ngo hoac nghi thdc tha den, nudi nen hp cdn gid nhieu Id nghi mang tinh gIm den trdi va den nude Khi mda khd cha d u cho thuan Igi nhdng thang den, mpi cdng viSc dong dng deu hoan mua nflng nghlSp vung TSy Nam BO, thanh, cdng ding ngufli Khd-me tfnh hit ehi ed hai mda mua, nang, mda mua dupe chu ky mOt nam va hg an Tet Nam mdi, gpi tinh td gida ttidng Tu ain gida thang Mudl Am la (ChOI Chnam Thmay) Tet dUdc te chdc Ijch Mua ning dupe tfnh td gida thang Mudl vdi nhieu hinh thdc nghi le g i n vdi tdn giac den gida thang Td Am lich nam sau Bat dau Day cung la mdt le hdi ndng nghiep de cau cho mda mua cung la khdi dau mda Vdi xln mda khd qua mau va mda mua lai den viec ldm Ida, thi nudc Id van d l he trpng doi cho mdt vy mda mdi Tet Chdi Chndm vdi ndng ddn, nen mda mdng ed tdt hay Thmay cd nam Tet thi co mgt nam khdng la nhd nudc Do tmdc kia, ngudi KbP- nhuan Tet me khdng d nhilu dieu klpn di lam thdy Ipi, vl vay, hp ehi biet cau kiian vao frdi dat, - Le cung Niet Ta mong cho mua thuan, gid hda Cung Nllt Ta - vi than bag hO chc cen Thudng trudc mda mua den, eOng ngufli, mua mang Cung Nllt Ta la cdng than ding ngydi Khd-me thudng t l chdc le cau bad hfl chd pham vl mdt vung dat: sdc, phum, an (Bon Kamsan) cho phum, sdc Le ndy xdm, rach Tuy vj tri than ma cdng ddng thudng dien vao thang Tu Am lich, nhUng ngudi Kho-me cd the cdng Idn vdi dau Ipn cung cd nhdng ndi lam tre hdn vl mda mua hope cung nhd vdi ga vjt Thudng cac vi than ndm cd t h i den sdm hoac muon hdn bao hp dugc ngUdl dan lam mieu thd idn hoac mot vai thang Trong IS cau mua, thudng nhd va hp dem de cdng apt d nhdng mieu thfl cdng ddng ngUdi Khd-me cdng hai vi than: dd Le cung cung diln vao dip tet cua cOng than Rupng (Neakta SrS) vd than Muc sue dong ngddi Kho-me thang Tu DUdng lich va (Arak veal) d l xln nudc mUa trdi ban lam Ida cac dip ma ca nhan thdy can cung ta dn hoac nudc va xln xua dudi ehupt bp, sau ray gdy de xin phu hO dieu gl Thddng thi cdng Niet f a phudng hai mua mang'" Le cdng ed dau vdi y nghTa cau an cho mgi ngudi, d u mua Ipn, gd, vjt, rugu Thudng hp tu tap lam I I thuan gid hfla, cho vy mua boi thu Niet Ta cung tiiec sy hudng dan cda mdt Achar cdn la than bao hg cho tinh yeu trai gal HiSn (thay cung), rdi di vdng quanh ndi cung ba nay, nhilu ehda cda ngufli Khd-me d Ian, xong Ian lupt tdng ngudi vao ban cdng chau tho sflng Me-Kdng cd dung mieu thfl de d m nhang Nlu chda mua thi hg t l chdc Niet Ta khufln vien cda chua nhdn, dan dan dupe Kho-me hda, nhuan nhj nhu chinh sy phat triln ty thdn cda van hda bin (Sa Khd-me"'" Do viy, mdi ngufll Khdme td mdi sinh ddi, hg da mac djnh Phat giao la tdn giao cudc sdng cda chinh minh Bdi vi, dae Phat d mgt ddc diem la de thich nghi vdi cdc mdi trudng khdc ma nd xdm nhap vao va lai cung d khd nang ty dilu chinh cho thich hpp vdi dilu kiSn mdi Ngodi Phat gido Nam tdng, d n g dong ngUdi Khd-me cdn tin vao cae nghi le tfn ngudng dan gian Dd Id cae hinh thai cdng, kilng dudi aang le nhu nghi le cdng thin ndng, cung Niet Td, cdng Arak, cdng Rea Hu, l l cdng T l nghi Sis-20/7 TaacM cang tic Ton giio - Le Cling Arak Day la le cdng thddng gin vdi pham vi gia dinh, d n gpi Id cdng ttian bdp hO eda deng hp, mflt Ippi than khdng d blnh dang, bilu hiSn rd rSt vd tinh chat thiSn, ac cOng khd phSn blSL Cd the la mOt ngudi nao dd dflng hp da chet td Hu nhdng linh thieng nSn ddpc tfln la than va dupe cac gia dinh adng hp thd cdng nhd bdo hfl Khi gia dinh d chuySn chang lanh hoac d ngudi dau dm, ldm an tha bai, gap chuySn xui, tai nan, thi ngudi Khd-me thddng cung Arak thee tyc le Nlu cdng Arak ma ed mdi Kmteay (thIy bdi) va Rup Arak (ngUdi nhap Arak), thi dd la gia ainh than chd mudn triSu linh hon ngUdl chit ma minh nhd bao hp d l tmc tiSp nghe Idl phdn xet - Li cung Rea Hu Trong phum, sdc khdng cd tyc thfl Rea Hu Rea Hu chi dupe trang tri phd bien d cac chda, thap vdi khudn mat nhe nanh, trpn mat nuot mat trang trdng rat dd tpn Kill cd nhat thyc, nguyet thyc, d ehda vd treng sdc, cdng ding ngudi Khd-me gpi danii trcng va pheng la d l cdu mat trdi, mat trang NgUdl Khd-me xem nhat thyc, nguySt thyc doan ajnh kit qud mda mang Nlu mat trdi va mat trang bj che khuat hoan toan, tdc la Rea Hu nuot h i t vao byng va sau dd lai sdng dan td phia bat dau che khudt, tdc la Rea Hu nOn ra, thi nam dd dupe mua Nuot mdt nda roi nha la nam dd mda mdng trung blnh Neu nuot rdi thdi phla sau tdc la sang dan phia sau, la hiSn tupng khong tdt, bao hieu mat mda Duong thdi cd nhat thyc, nguySt thuc, phy nd mang thai vdn pliai nhjn an; d l mpt binh vfll va mpt eon dao bo cau vao nep vay d l ty bao ve minh - Le cung To Cung To dupe to chdc vao cudi ttiang Ba Am Ijch Nghe nao cd To cua nghe ay Doi vdi cpng ddng ngudi Khd-me, cd nhOng to Idn nhu To su thp mpc, thg ne, T l Robam, To Du kS, v.v Nhung nhieu ong td nghe khflng may al nhd ten hoac cd nhd thi mOl noi nhd mOt ten khac Tuy theo mdi flng to nghe, ngufll te lap dan cung vdi nhdng vat cdng va nghi le tuong dng, dugc luu fruyen td xUa de lai Dd sao, cdng To cung Id djp de d u va ttid nghi tong k i t va vui ve vdi nhau, cau mong mpt nam mdi cdng hpp tac ldm an phat dat hdn nghe cda minh Hdn nOa, khdng riSng gi ngudi Kho-me md ngudi Kinh cung nhu cdc dSn tOc khdc deu cd quan niem moi nghi ma xa hgi cd hdm ia mOt ngddi ed cdng sang lap ggi la To Vi vay, vlSc to chdc le de ta on T l nghi cQng Id till hipn tmyen thing "udng nudc nhd ngucn" cua cen ngUdi, Nhu vay, vdi dac thu cda Ijch sd, vung Tay Nam BO la vdng dat tilp nhan nhilu ylu to van hda, la dja ban cdng cu eda nhieu d n tdc, bSn canh ngufli ViSt ngudi Hoa, ngydi Cham, cdn cd cdng dong ngudi Khd-me sinh sdng vdi so lUdng dan s6 kha dflng DOI vdi cdng ding, ngoai Phat giao Nam tflng thi cdc boat dflng tin ngudng dan gian cung da dang va piiong phd v6 cdng, cho nSn, du chju Inh hudng cda Phat giao Nam tdng nhung doi vdi cOng dong ngufli Khd-me thi nhu d u tin ngudng dan gian v i n d n thiet yeu, ludn gan bd ddi song tinh than cda hg « - ^ tieu tham k h ^ : Ban Chi dao Tay Nam Bp va Tmng tam Thdng tin Sal Gdn (2005), Tay Nam Bo tien vao thekjf XXI, Nxb CTQG Ha Ndi Hoang Nam (2013), Tong quan van hoa tniye thong cac dan toe Vi^t Nam (Quyen 1), Nxb V Son Nam (1997) Ca tinh mien Nam, Nxb Tre TP Ho Chi Minh Vien van hda (1993), VSn hoa ngudi Kho-m vdng dong bang song Cdu Long, Nxb Van ho Dan toe Ha Ndi - Chu thich: Hdi Khoa hpc Ljch sd Viet Nam (2014) LUdcSL vdng dat Nam Bo Viet Nam, Nxb CTQG Ha Noi 66 Hoang Nam (2013), Tong ijuan vSn hoa tmyin thong cac dan tgc Viet Nam (Quyen 1), NXB VHTT, HNfr.494 Vien VSn hda (1993), VSn hoa ngudi Kho-m vdng dong bang sdng Cdu Long, NXB VHTT tr 44 Hoang Nam (2013) Tong quan vSn hoa tmy thong cac dan toe Viet Nam (Quyen 1) NXB VHTT, HN tr 509 Sis -20/7 ... TSy Nam BO, thanh, cdng ding ngufli Khd -me tfnh hit ehi ed hai mda mua, nang, mda mua dupe chu ky mOt nam va hg an Tet Nam mdi, gpi tinh td gida ttidng Tu ain gida thang Mudl Am la (ChOI Chnam... thich: Hdi Khoa hpc Ljch sd Viet Nam (2014) LUdcSL vdng dat Nam Bo Viet Nam, Nxb CTQG Ha Noi 66 Hoang Nam (2013), Tong ijuan vSn hoa tmyin thong cac dan tgc Viet Nam (Quyen 1), NXB VHTT, HNfr.494... tien vao thekjf XXI, Nxb CTQG Ha Ndi Hoang Nam (2013), Tong quan van hoa tniye thong cac dan toe Vi^t Nam (Quyen 1), Nxb V Son Nam (1997) Ca tinh mien Nam, Nxb Tre TP Ho Chi Minh Vien van hda (1993),