Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 653 Condyloma (1; CRC; FNF); Corn (f; JLH); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC; HHB); Dysuria (f; CRC); Felon (f; JLH); Fibroid (f; JLH); Freckle (f; CEB); Gonorrhea (f; CRC; HHB); Gout (f; CRC; HHB; PH2); Headache (f; CEB); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (f; CEB); Inflammation (f; PH2); Leukorrhea (f; CRC); Metrorrhagia (f; PH2); Metrosis (f; JLH); Miscarriage (f; CEB); Neuralgia (f; CRC); Paralysis (f; CRC); Pediculosis (f; CRC); Periosteosis (f; CRC); Polyp (f; CRC; JLH); Rheumatism (f; CRC; HHB); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Sore (f; CEB; JLH); Splenosis (f; JLH); Strangury (f; CRC); Swelling (f; JLH); Tumor (f; JLH); Ulcer (f; JLH); VD (1; CRC; FNF); Urogenitosis (f; PH2); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; PHR; PH2); Wart (1; CRC; JLH; PH2); Water Retention (1; CEB; CRC; HHB; PH2); Worm (f; CEB; CRC); Wound (f; CEB) Dosages (Savin) — “Oil of Savin is much used for the purpose of producing abortion, in doses of 10–15 drops or ×/day, and is probably the most certain article for that purpose known; but if continued long is apt to occasion inflammation of the stomach and bowels.” (CEB) Maximum g externally (PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Savin) — Not covered (AHP) Oil irritant, in large doses a powerful poison; six drachms will kill a dog if retained in the stomach Believed by the vulgar to possess the power of inducing miscarriage, and is sometimes taken by them for perpetrating this crime, bringing life into extreme danger (CEB) Even external application is dangerous, causing blisters, irritation, necrosis, and dermal poisoning (PH2) Attempts at abortion are often fatal, with arrhythmia, cramping, hematuria, kidney problems, paralysis, queasiness, and unconsciousness (PH2) SAVORY (Satureja sp.) +++ The PH2 entries are for Satureja hortensis L Activities (Savory) — Analgesic (f; HH3); Anaphrodisiac (f; APA); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1; COX; FNF); Antibacterial (1; APA; CRC; HH3); Anticancer (1; COX; FNF); Antidiuretic (f; CRC); Antiherpetic (1; HH3); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; COX; FNF); Antioxidant (1; CRC; FNF; HH3); Antiseptic (1; HH3; PHR; PH2; PNC); Antispasmodic (1; APA; HH3; PNC); Antiviral (1; HH3; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; APA); Astringent (1; APA; CRC; PHR; PH2); Carminative (f; CRC; PNC); COX-2 Inhibitor (1; COX; FNF); Decongestant (1; APA); Diaphoretic (f; CRC); Digestive (f; CRC); Diuretic (1; APA); Expectorant (1; APA; PNC); Fungicide (f; APA); Laxative (f; CRC); Sedative (1; CRC; HH3); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC); Tonic (f; APA; LAF); Vermifuge (f; CRC) Indications (Savory) — Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Anorexia (f; APA); Arthrosis (1; COX; FNF); Bacteria (1; APA; CRC; HH3); Bite (f; LAF); Cancer (1; COX; FNF); Cancer, mouth (1; COX; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; COX; JLH); Catarrh (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (f; HH3); Cold (1; APA; HH3); Colic (f; CRC); Congestion (1; APA); Constipation (f; CRC); Cough (1; APA); Cramp (1; APA; CRC; HH3; PNC); Diarrhea (1; APA; HH3); Dysmenorrhea (f; HH3); Dyspepsia (1; APA); Enterosis (1; APA; PHR); Fever (f; CRC); Frigidity (f; CRC); Fungus (f; APA); Gas (1; APA; CRC; HH3; PNC); Gastrosis (1; APA; PHR); Hepatosis (f; HH3); Herpes (1; HH3); Infection (1; APA; HH3; PNC); Inflammation (1; APA; COX; FNF); Insomnia (1; CRC; HH3); Mucososis (f; HH3); Mycosis (f; APA); Nausea (f; LAF); Nephrosis (f; HH3); Nervousness (1; CRC; HH3); Otosis (f; CRC); Pain (f; HH3); Salmonella (1; HH3); Sclerosis (f; CRC; JLH); Staphylococcus (1; HH3); Streptococcus (f; HH3); Throat (1; APA); Virus (1; HH3; PH2); Water Retention (1; APA); Worm (f; CRC; HH3) Dosages (Savory) — 1.5 g in tea (HH3); tsp dry herb/day (PHR); (1–2 pediatric)-4 tsp herb/cup water 1–3 ×/day (APA); 0.5–1 tsp tincture 1–3 ×/day (APA) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Savory) — Class (AHP) Applied undiluted to backs of hairless mice, summer savory oil was lethal to half the animals in 48 hours (LAF) LD50 = 1370 orl rat (HH3) An important source of the COX-2 inhibitor, ursolic acid (COX) S 654 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs SAW PALMETTO (Serenoa repens (W Bartram) Small) +++ Synonyms: Chamaerops serrulata Michx., Corypha repens W Bartram, Sabal dealbata hort ex L H Bailey, Sabal serrulata (Michx.) Nutt ex Schult & Schult f., Serenoa serrulata (Michx.) G Nicholson For Native American ethnobotany, see EB52:381 Moerman reported no Native American uses Eclectics (FEL) used it for many of its modern usages, more than 100 years ago S Activities (Saw Palmetto) — Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor (2; MAB; PH2; SHT); Anabolic (1; BGB; CAN); Antiallergic (1; APA); Antiandrogenic (2; APA; BGB; CAN; MAB; KOM; PHR; PH2); Anticancer (1; CRC; FNF; EB52:381); Anticatarrhal (f; EB52:381); Anticholinergic (1; PH2); Antiedemic (1; MAB; SHT); Antiestrogenic (1; PH2); Antiexudative (1; BGB; KOM; PHR; PH2); Antihistaminic (1; CRC; FNF; PED); Antiinflammatory (2; CRC; HHB; MAB; PH2; SHT); Antioxidant (f; SHT); Antiseptic (f; EB52:381); Antispasmodic (1; MAB; PH2); Aperitif (f; EB52:381); Aphrodisiac (1; APA; MAB; PED; EB52:381); Aromatase Inhibitor (1; BGB); Bitter (PED); Cancer (f; JLH); Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor (1; PH2); Decongestant (f; MAD; EB52:381); Digestive (f; EB52:381); Diuretic (f; APA; BGB; PNC); Expectorant (f; FAD; MAD); Estrogenic (1; APA; CAN; PH2); Immunostimulant (1; APA; CAN; CRC); 3-Ketosteroid-Reductase Inhibitor (1; PH2); 5Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (1; PH2); Mastogenic (1; APA; CRC; HAD; EB52:381); Narcotic (f; EB52:381); Nervine (f; EB52:381); Secretolytic (f; EB52:381); Sedative (f; CRC; FAD; EB52:381); Stimulant (f; CRC); Testicular Atrophy (f; CAN); Tonic (f; CRC); Urinary Antiseptic (1; CAN); Uterotonic (f; FAD); Vasoconstrictor (f; EB52:381) Indications (Saw Palmetto) — Adenopathy (f; CRC); Allergy (1; APA); Alopecia (2; JAD; MAB); Anorexia (f; EB52:381); Asthma (f; CRC; FAD; FEL); Bite (f; CRC); BPH (3; FAD; PHR; SKY); Bronchosis (f; FAD; MAD; EB52:381); Cachexia (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF; EB52:381); Catarrh (f; BGB; CAN; FEL); Cholecystosis (2; PHR; PH2); Cold (f; FAD); Congestion (f; MAD; EB52:381); Cough (f; FAD; PH2); Cramp (1; MAB; PH2); Cystosis (1; APA; CAN; MAB; MAD; PH2); Debility (f; PNC); Diarrhea (f; EB52:381); Dysentery (f; BGB; CRC); Dyspepsia (f; CRC); Dysuria (1; MAD; SHT; EB52:381); Eczema (f; PH2); Edema (1; CRC; FNF; HH2; MAB; SHT); Enuresis (f; PH2); Epididymosis (f; CRC; EB52:381); Frigidity Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 655 (f; APA; FEL); Gastrosis (f; BGB); Gonorrhea (f; FEL; MAD); Head Cold (f; CRC; FAD); Immunodepression (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Impotence (f; APA; EB52:381); Infertility (f; EB52:381); Inflammation (2; APA; CRC; FAD; HHB; MAB; PH2; SHT); Insomnia (f; CRC; FAD; EB52:381); Laryngosis (f; FEL); Leukorrhea (f; MAD); Mastosis (f; PH2); Micromastia (1; CRC; HAD; JAD; EB52:381); Migraine (f; FAD); Mucososis (f; CRC; FAD; EB52:381); Nephrosis (f; EB52:381); Nervousness (f; CRC; FAD; EB52:381); Orchosis (f; CAN; MAB; PH2); Pain (f; FEL; MAD); Pertussis (f; FEL); Phthisis (f; FEL; MAD); Polyuria (f; SHT); Prostatosis (2; APA; FAD; PHR; SHT); Pulmonosis (f; FEL); Respirosis (f; CRC); Snakebite (f; CRC); Sore Throat (f; CRC); Sterility (f; APA); Stomachache (f; BGB; CRC); Swelling (1; HH2; MAB; SHT); Tenesmus (f; FEL); Testicular Atrophy (f; BGB); Tuberculosis (f; FEL); Tumor (f; CRC; JLH); Ovariosis (f; FEL); Urethrosis (2; CAN); Uterosis (f; MAB); UTI (1; PH2); Vaginosis (f; FAD); VD (f; FEL); Water Retention (f; APA; BGB; PNC) Dosages (Saw Palmetto) — 2–3 tsp fresh fruit (PED); 0.5–1 (2) g powdered dry fruit (PNC; SKY); 1–1.5 g dry fruit (PED); 1–2 g dry fruit (APA; PH2); 0.5–2.0 g dry fruit, or in tea, ×/day (CAN; SKY); 1.5 g dry fruit:8 ml alcohol/7 ml water (PED); 1–60 drops fluid fruit extract (FEL); 0.6–1.5 ml liquid BPC fruit extract (CAN; PNC); 2–4 ml/day liquid fruit extract (1:2) (45–90%) (MAB); 5–6 ml liquid whole herb extract (SKY); 320 mg/day lipophilic extract (PH2); 160 mg liposterolic extract ×/day (ca = 2–4 g/day dry fruit) (MAB); 320 mg alcohol or hexane extract StX at 90% fatty acids/sterols (APA); (320 mg) capsule (StX with 160 mg certified potency fruit extract with at least 85–95% fatty acids and biologically active sterols in a base of pumpkin seed oil) ×/day (NH); (320 mg) soft gel StX/day; 2–3 (600 mg) capsules ×/day (JAD; NH) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Saw Palmetto) — Class (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Commission E reports no contraindications or interactions for the fruit Adverse effects: gastric complaints (rarely) As improvement is symptomatic without eliminating prostatic hypertrophy, a physician should be consulted regularly (AEH) May interact with the contraceptive pill, other hormonal therapies, and HRT “Use during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided” (CAN) 34 of 435 patients completing a 3-year study reported 46 adverse effects, and a dropout rate of 1.8% due to adverse effects “There are no known contraindications to saw palmetto preparations” (SHT) May interfere with PSA readings after months’ treatment (JAD) If prevention of the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is responsible for impotence as a side effect of finasteride, then this could be a concern with equivalent doses of saw palmetto Extracts (Saw Palmetto) — Alcoholic extract is estrogenic, probably due to the known estrogenic compound, beta-sitosterol Hexane extracts competitively inhibits the binding of DHT to cytosolic and nuclear androgen receptor sites It also inhibits 5-alpha-reductase converting testosterone to DHT and 3-ketosteroid-reductase from converting testosterone to an androgen derivative It also inhibits edema by inhibiting histamine-induced increase in capillary permeability Even small doses of aqueous extracts inhibited edema Antiinflammatory activity accrues to a high molecular weight polysaccharide An immunostimulating polysaccharide is rich in glucuronic acid (CAN) LD50 StX = >10,000 mg/kg orl gpg mus & rat (MAB) SCARLET ELDER (Sambucus racemosa L subsp pubens (Michx.) House) + Synonyms: S pubens Michx., S pubens f xanthocarpa (Cockerell) Fernald, S pubescens Pers., S racemosa f xanthocarpa Cockerell Activities (Scarlet Elder) — Diaphoretic (f; HHB); Diuretic (1; HHB); Emetic (f; HHB); Laxative (f; HHB); Poison (1; HHB) S 656 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Indications (Scarlet Elder) — Abscess (f; DEM); Alactea (f; DEM); Arthrosis (f; DEM); Boil (f; DEM); Bruise (f; DEM); Childbirth (f; DEM); Cold (f; DEM; HHB); Constipation (f; DEM; HHB); Cough (f; DEM); Cramp (f; HHB); Cystosis (f; HHB); Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diarrhea (f; DEM); Dysentery (f; DEM); Dyspnea (f; DEM); Erysipelas (f; DEM); Fever (f; HHB); Foot Ache (f; DEM); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Infection (f; DEM); Leg Ache (f; DEM); Myalgia (f; DEM); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Neurosis (f; DEM); Pain (f; DEM); Rheumatism (f; DEM); Sore (f; DEM); Stomachache (f; DEM); Swelling (f; DEM); Toothache (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Water Retention (1; HHB); Wound (f; DEM) Dosages (Scarlet Elder) — Dosage not seen Probably comparable to other species, except fruit often considered poisonous Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Scarlet Elder) — Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2) Probably has same symptoms as reported from overdoses of S ebulus Symptoms with S ebulus include bloody diarrhea, coma, cyanosis, dizziness, headache, hematochezia, mydriasis, nausea, oral pain, and vomiting (HHB; MAD; PH2) SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis L.) + Activities (Scarlet Pimpernel) — Antidote, fish (f; PH2); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Antiviral (1; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; GMH; WO2); Diuretic (f; GMH; PH2); Estrogenic (1; PH2); Expectorant (f; WO2); Fungicide (1; PH2; X10680445); Hemolytic (1; PH2); Herbicide (1; WO3); Hirudifuge (1; WO2); Hypotensive (1; WO2); Laxative (1; PH2); Narcotic (f; PH2); Nematicide (1; WO2); Oxytocic (1; PH2); Piscicide (1; WO2); Spermicide (1; PH2); Taenicide (1; PH2); Uterocontractant (1; PH2); Vulnerary (f; WO2) S Indications (Scarlet Pimpernel) — Arthrosis (f; PH2); Bleeding (1; PH2); Bite (f; GMH; PH2); Cancer (f; PH2); Cerebrosis (f; WO2); Constipation (1; PH2); Depression (f; GMH; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Diphtheria (1; WO3); Dropsy (f; PH2; WO2); Dysmenorrhea (f; PH2); Edema (f; PH2); Epilepsy (f; GMH); Fever (f; GMH; WO2); Fungus (1; PH2; X10680445); Gonorrhea (f; DEM); Gout (f; WO2); Hemorrhoid (f; PH2); Herpes (1; PH2; X2825589); Hepatosis (f; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; WO2); Infection (1; PH2; X10680445); Itch (f; PH2); Keratosis (1; WO3); Leprosy (f; WO2); Mania (f; GMH; WO2); Mucososis (f; PH2); Mycosis (1; PH2; X10680445); Nephrosis (f; PH2); Ophthalmia (1; GMH; WO3); Pain (f; PH2); Polio (1; PH2; X2825589); Rabies (f; WO2); Rheumatism (f; GMH); Splenosis (f; GMH); Sting (f; GMH); Swelling (f; PH2); Tapeworm (1; PH2); Tuberculosis (f; GMH); UTI (f; PH2); VD (f; DEM); Virus (1; PH2; X2825589); Wart (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; GMH; PH2); Worm (1; PH2; WO2) Dosages (Scarlet Pimpernel) — 20 grains flower ×/day for epilepsy (GMH); 15–60 grains powdered leaf (GMH); 1.8 g powdered herb ×/day (HH2; PH2); for dropsy, hepatosis, and nephrosis, steep tsp powdered herb/glass water 10 minutes and sip throughout the day (HH2; PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Scarlet Pimpernel) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Cucurbitacins could eventually generate GI problems or nephrosis (PH2) The aromatic oil, if taken internally, can cause headache and nausea (WO2) Of 22 plant extracts tested against Microsporium canis, pimpernel was most potent (IC90, 100–15 µg/ml) (X10680445) SCARLET POPPY (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) + Activities (Scarlet Poppy) — Analgesic (1; CRC); Antinarcotic (1; CRC); Antitussive (f; CRC); Aphrodisiac (1; CRC); Sedative (f; CRC); Tranquilizer (f; CRC) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 657 Indications (Scarlet Poppy) — Addiction (1; CRC); Insomnia (f; CRC); Nervousness (f; CRC); Pain (1; CRC); Schizophrenia (1; CRC); Withdrawal (1; CRC) SCOPOLIA (Scopolia carniolica Jacq.) XXX Activities (Scopolia) — Anticholinergic (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Antispasmodic (1; KOM; PH2); Bitter (f; PH2); Cerebrosedative (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS); Intoxicant (f; CRC); Mydriatic (1; EFS; FNF); Myorelaxant (2; KOM; PH2); Narcotic (f; CRC; PH2); Parasympatholytic (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Positive Chronotropic (2; KOM); Positive Dromotropic (2; KOM); Sedative (1; CRC; EFS); Toxic (f; EFS) Indications (Scopolia) — Addiction (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (2; PHR; PH2); Colic (f; CRC; PH2); Cramp (1; KOM; PH2); Cramp, bile duct (2; KOM; PH2); Cramp, GI (2; KOM; PH2); Cramp, urinary tract (2; KOM; PH2); Enterosis (1; PHR; PH2); Epilepsy (f; CRC); Gastrosis (1; PHR; PH2); Gout (f; CRC); Hepatosis (2; PHR; PH2); Hysteria (f; CRC); Insomnia (1; CRC; EFS); Myosis (1; PHR); Nervousness (1; CRC; EFS); Nymphomania (f; CRC); Pain (1; PH2); Paralysis (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Tremor (1; PHR; PH2); Urethrosis (2; KOM); Water Retention (f; EFS) Dosages (Scopolia) — 6–120 mg root (HHB); equivalent to 0.25 (average) (maximum) mg total alkaloids, calculated as hyoscyamine/day (KOM) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Scopolia) — Class (AHP) “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Commission E reports contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions of belladonna alkaloids (AEH) Contraindications: megacolon, narrow-angle glaucoma, prostate adenoma with residual urine, stenosis of the GI tract, and tachycardia (KOM); interactions: may increase activity of amantadine, quinidine, and tricyclic antidepressants (KOM); side effects: arrhythmia, difficult urination, disturbance of ocular accommodation, dry mouth, hyperthermia, mydriasis, obstipation, reduced perspiration, and tachycardia (KOM; PHR; PH2) High doses can cause compulsive speech, delirium, excitation, hallucinations, manic episodes, followed by exhaustion and sleep “Lethal dosages include the danger of asphyxiation (for adults starting at 100 mg atropine, depending upon alkaloid content, between 20 to 50 gm of the drug, considerably less for children)” (PHR) SCOTCH BROOM (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) XXX Synonyms: C scoparius var andreanus (Puiss.) Dippel, C scoparius var prostratus (C Bailey) F Hanb ex A K Jacks., C scoparius var sulphureus Goldring, Genista andreana Puiss., Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimm ex W D J Koch, S scoparius var prostratus C Bailey, Spartium scoparium L Activities (Scotch Broom) — Abortifacient (1; PH2); Anaesthetic (1; MAD); Antiarrhythmic (1; APA); Antihemorrhagic (f; CAN); Anuria (f; MAD); Bradycardic (1; CAN; MAB); Cardiodepressant (1; CAN; CRC); Cardiotonic (1; APA; CRC; MAD); Depurative (f; HHB; PHR; PH2); Diuretic (1; APA; CAN; CRC; MAD); Emetic (f; CAN; MAD); Euphoric (1; APA); Hypertensive (1; APA; CAN; KOM; MAD; PH2); Hypotensive (1; PH2); Laxative (f; CAN; CRC; MAD); Negative Chronotropic (1; KOM; PH2); Negative Inotropic (1; KOM; PH2); Oxytocic (1; CAN); Poison (f; CRC); Sympathomimetic (1; KOM; PH2); Tachycardic (1; CAN); Tonic (f; APA); Uterotonic (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Vasoconstrictor (peripheral) (1; CAN; CRC; KOM; PH2) Indications (Scotch Broom) — Abscess (f; APA; CRC); Ague (f; CRC); Albuminuria (f; HHB); Anasarca (f; MAD); Angina (f; MAD); Arrhythmia (1; APA; CAN; PH2); Arthrosis (f; MAD); Ascites (f; MAD); Bite (f; PH2); Bleeding (f; CAN); Bright’s Disease (f; MAD); Bronchosis (f; S ...654 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs SAW PALMETTO (Serenoa repens (W Bartram) Small) +++ Synonyms: Chamaerops serrulata... CRC; FNF; HH2; MAB; SHT); Enuresis (f; PH2); Epididymosis (f; CRC; EB52:381); Frigidity Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 655 (f; APA; FEL); Gastrosis (f; BGB); Gonorrhea (f; FEL; MAD); Head Cold (f; CRC;... prevention of the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is responsible for impotence as a side effect of finasteride, then this could be a concern with equivalent doses of saw palmetto