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LSVT Global Public Webinar Series Title: Exercise versus Therapy for PD: How I decide? Presenters: Elizabeth Peterson, MA, CCC-SLP Heather Cianci, PT, MS, GCS Date Presented: August 23, 2017 Copyright: The content of this presentation is the property of LSVT Global and is for information purposes only This content should not be reproduced without the permission of LSVT Global Contact Us: Web: www.lsvtglobal.com Email: info@lsvtglobal.com Phone: 1-888-438-5788 (toll free), 1-520-867-8838 (direct) 8/23/2017 Exercise versus Therapy for PD: How I decide? Supported by NIH grants: NIH-NIDCD R01 DC-01150, R21 DC-006078, R21 NS-0437111, SBIR R43 DC-010956, SBIR R43 DC-010498, SBIR R45 DC-010956, OE-NIDRR, Michael J Fox Foundation, Davis Phinney Foundation, Parkinson Alliance, Family of Lee Silverman Presented by Elizabeth Peterson, MA, CCC‐SLP LSVT LOUD Training and Certification Faculty LSVT Global, Inc Heather Cianci, PT, MS, GCS LSVT BIG Training and Certification Faculty LSVT Global, Inc Instructor Biographies Elizabeth Peterson, MA, CCC‐SLP Ms. Peterson received her master’s degree in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences from the University of Colorado‐Boulder. She began working with Dr. Lorraine Ramig’s research team while completing her master’s thesis. Ms. Peterson is LSVT LOUD certified and primarily delivers LSVT LOUD in the research setting. She has worked as a research associate at the National Center for Voice and Speech‐Denver and the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Ms. Peterson is currently involved in Dr. Ramig’s research investigating the short and long‐term impact of LSVT LOUD on neural underpinnings of speech in Parkinson disease Heather Cianci, PT, MS, GCS Ms. Cianci is the Geriatric Team Leader and founding therapist of the Dan Aaron Parkinson's Rehab Center at Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, PA. She received her bachelor's in PT from the University of Scranton in Scranton, PA and her master's in gerontology from Saint Joseph's University in Philadelphia. Heather received her GCS in 1999. She is certified in LSVT BIG and is a graduate of the NPF's Allied Team Training for PD. She has written and lectured for both the NPF (“Fitness Counts”) and PDF, and performed research on PD with respect to falls and bed mobility. Heather is also a former board member for CurePSP, and the coordinator of their Medical Professionals Advisory Committee Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 8/23/2017 Disclosures All of the LSVT Global faculty have both financial and non‐financial relationships with LSVT Global. Non‐financial relationships include a preference for the LSVT LOUD and LSVT BIG as treatment techniques Ms. Peterson is an employee of and receives lecture honorarium and travel reimbursement from LSVT Global, Inc. Ms. Cianci receives honorarium, consulting fees and travel reimbursement from LSVT Global, Inc. STATEMENT ON DISCLOSURE AND CONFLICT: All members of this research team have fully disclosed any conflict of interest. The conflict of interest management plan has been approved by the Office of Conflict of Interest and Commitment at the University of Colorado, Boulder (Ramig, Fox and Halpern). Plan for Webinar Logistics (how to ask questions, handouts) Present Webinar Question/Answer Session Survey will automatically launch at the conclusion of the webinar (less than 5 minutes to complete) How to ask questions LIVE: Type in the QUESTION BOX on your control panel 2. Raise your hand! (Click on the hand icon.) • Your name will be called out • Your mic will be unmuted (make sure your mic is unmuted as well) • Then ask your question out loud 3. Email info@lsvtglobal.com if you think of questions later Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 8/23/2017 Objectives of Presentation • Describe the differences between exercise and therapy • Discuss the research on exercise in Parkinson disease • Describe the elements of the LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD protocols and how they align with principles of activity dependent neuroplasticity • Discuss the importance of continued intensive exercise practice that is salient to each individual and specifically targets deficits accompanying PD Polling Question Who are you? •Person with Parkinson’s •Caregiver or loved one of someone with PD •Professional SLP, PT, or OT •Graduate Student in Speech, PT, or OT •Other Polling Question If you are a person with PD, have you ever had: •LSVT LOUD •LSVT BIG •Both •Neither Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 8/23/2017 Exercise is VITAL in PD! Needs to be sufficiently intensive, specific, challenging, consistent, ongoing and meaningful Beall, et al. 2013, Petzinger et al, 2010 www.womeninneuroscience.org Exercise-based rehabilitation (ST, PT, OT) is becoming a routine part of management in PD To provide symptomatic relief; improve function Neurosurgical (DBS‐STN) Pharmacological (L‐dopa) Speech, Physical Occupational Tx (Empower) Kleim & Jones, 2008; Kleim et al., 2003; Zigmond et al, 2009 Exercise vs Activity Exercise: an activity requiring physical effort, carried out especially to sustain or improve health and fitness (Dictionary definition) Physical Activity: any bodily movement produced by your muscles that requires energy (WHO) “Exercise helps correct specific underlying problems that interfere with daily function and lead to falls. Activity keeps you going, and is critical after supervised exercise” (Margaret Schenkman PhD; PD ExpertBriefing ‐ PDF: The Effects of Exercise on PD) Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 8/23/2017 Therapy – Physical & Occupational • “Physical therapists are movement experts who treat people of all ages and abilities, helping them improve and maintain function and quality of life • Physical therapists create individual treatment plans to match each person’s goals, helping people improve their fitness and function. • Physical therapist assistants (PTAs) are educated and licensed clinicians who work under the direction and supervision of a physical therapist.” (APTA) • “Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants help people across the lifespan participate in the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of everyday activities (occupations).” (AOTA) All Adhere to Evidence‐Based Treatment Therapy – Speech • Speech‐language pathologists (SLPs) work to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, cognitive‐ communication, and swallowing disorders in children and adults • SLPs work with the full range of human communication and swallowing disorders in individuals of all ages American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association (ASHA) Skilled Services – PT, OT, SLP Medicare guidelines state: • Services require the skills of a therapist • Services must not only be provided by the qualified professional or qualified personnel, but they must require, for example, the expertise, knowledge, clinical judgment, decision making and abilities of a therapist that assistants, qualified personnel, caretakers or the patient cannot provide independently. Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 8/23/2017 Skilled Services – PT, OT, SLP • A clinician may not merely supervise, but must apply the skills of a therapist by actively participating in the treatment of the patient during each progress report period. • In addition, a therapist’s skills may be documented, for example, by the clinician’s descriptions of their skilled treatment, the changes made to the treatment due to a clinician’s assessment of the patient’s needs on a particular treatment day or changes due to progress the clinician judged sufficient to modify the treatment toward the next more complex or difficult task Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, Section 220.3B What are the Barriers to Movement and Communication in PD? Bradykinesia = slowness of movement Hypokinesia = smallness of movement •Sensory: •People with PD don’t perceive that their movement is too small or that their voice is too soft •Movements that are within normal limits feel TOO BIG. Vocal loudness that is within normal limits feels TOO LOUD •Internal Cueing: People with PD don’t self cue to use bigger movements or speak with louder volume •Neuropsychological Deficits: People with PD have difficulty sustaining attention, dual tasking, & set shifting. Anxiety and heightened FOF. Self-awareness of Symptoms 2012 Study Findings •Out of 10 motor symptoms, most people with PD had Reduced Speed and Reduced Amplitude of their movements, but did not recognize them or the severity of how they were impacting their quality of movement 2016 Study Findings: •People with PD seem to have better awareness of “externally observable symptoms like gait and rest tremors” Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 8/23/2017 Intensive EFFORT is needed to OVERRIDE bradykinesia and hypokinesia! ! Research on Physical Exercise and PD • Treadmill training • Dancing – Tango • Boxing • Cycling • Progressive Resistance Exercise • Nordic Walking • Tai Chi “Current studies use inconsistent terminology, and terms with different meanings may be used synonymously, for example, using “physical activity,” “exercise,” and/or “physical fitness” interchangeably.” (LaHue SC, Comella CL, Tanner CM. Mov Disord. 2016 Oct;31(10):1444‐1454) Balance Training: Therapist-supervised vs Home-based (DVD) •8 weeks; therapist‐supervised improved subjects’ confidence, gait speed, motivation Atterbury EM, Welman KE. Gait Posture. 2017. June;55:138‐144 Group, Individual, or Supervised Exercise: Which best improves mobility? •3x/week x 4 weeks; Individuals with direct PT did the best King LA, et al. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2015. Oct; 39(4): 204‐12 Home program of strength training: Did it reduce falls? •1x/week x 6 weeks; strength training, mobility strategy training and falls education Morris ME, et al. J Physiother. 2017 Apr;63(2):94‐100 Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 8/23/2017 “I’m not Falling, I don’t need Therapy” Step activity for 1 year ‐ mild to mod PD •11% reduction in mean daily steps (1000 steps/day average) •40% reduction in daily minutes of moderate intensity activity Cavanaugh J, et al. JNPT. June 2012 Activity patterns for 1 week – mild to mod PD •589 minutes in sedentary behaviors •141 minutes in low‐intensity activities •30 minutes in mod‐intensity lifestyle activities 2015;95:1135‐1141 Benka Wallén M et al. Phys Ther. Need to focus on treatments that deal with anticipated and/or developing gait and balance problems to delay disability and deteriorating QOL. Ellis, T et al. Parkinsonism and Relat Disord. 2011;17: 693‐697 Research on Vocal Exercise and PD •Music/Singing •Group Voice Therapy •At home exercise What about Music Therapy? • Sixty‐minute music intervention sessions, small group setting once a week for 20 consecutive weeks • Significant improvements in singing quality and voice range at mid and post‐treatment (no follow‐ up included in study) • No significant changes were found for speaking quality Elefant et al., 2012 Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 8/23/2017 What about Music Therapy? • Twelve 90‐min weekly group singing intervention sessions • No significant differences in vocal loudness, pitch range, or phonation time post‐intervention • Group‐based singing intervention has not been shown to result in significant improvement in measures of voice and speech impairment Shih et al., 2012 What about Group Therapy? • Group voice intervention: 90‐min weekly session for 8 weeks • Vocal loudness increased at post‐treatment (no follow‐up data) to a lesser degree than LSVT LOUD individual treatment • Limitations ‐ Participants may not be using targeted effort and loudness ‐ Not as much motor practice when have to take turns responding ‐ Not as personalized to individual Searl et al., 2011 What about practicing on my own? • Home‐based deep breathing exercises • 24 participants completed 15 deep breathing exercises 3x/day for 12 weeks • Improved pulmonary function and fatigue for mild to moderate PD • No measurements to assess voice or speech Genc et al., 2012 No evidence to support completing voice or speech exercises on own lead to functional changes in communication Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 8/23/2017 Specificity Example: Intensity Intensity: Amplitude, Frequency, Effort, Force, Resistance, Accuracy, Healthy Fatigue FATIGUE •Good “workout” fatigue • “This is hard work!” • “What a workout!” • “You’re relentless.” •Feeling a WORKOUT vs. STRAIN/PAIN •Encouraging you to perform to levels beyond SELF‐PERCEIVED CAPACITY • Complexity: Complex movements and enriched environments have been shown to promote greater brain change www.ehu.eus • Salience: Practicing successful, rewarding, and emotionally important tasks activates the basal ganglia (dopamine plays a role in reward) • Timing: The sooner you begin treatment the better, but it is never too late to start Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 11 8/23/2017 Education LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD help the person with PD recognize their old movements are too small (and therefore too slow) and their old voice is too soft AND that their new big movements and louder voice have a positive impact on daily function and quality of life LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD Paradigm Shifts A New way of Seeing Things TARGET: Amplitude MODE: Intensive and High Effort Sensory CALIBRATION: Generalization Empowering! Our work – LSVT Protocols: based on 25 years of NIH funded research and clinical experience LSVT LOUD is a speech therapy • Delivered by LSVT LOUD Certified Speech‐ Language Pathologists LSVT BIG is a physical/occupational therapy • Delivered by LSVT BIG Certified Physical or Occupational Therapists Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 12 8/23/2017 LSVT Protocols • Structured, evidence‐based, rehabilitative treatment protocols developed specifically for PD • Adhere to principles of motor learning and activity dependent neuroplasticity • Intensive and challenging EXERCISE, specific to the unique features of PD • Personalized and specific functional training of voice, mobility and activities of daily living LSVT LOUD and LSVT BIG are SEPARATE protocols Each protocol consists of: Treatment delivered 4 consecutive days a week for 4 weeks (16 sessions in one month’s time) One hour, individual therapy sessions Daily homework practice and Daily carryover exercises (all 30 days of the month) Develop a Life‐long habit of continuous practice LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD Goal for People with PD You will use your louder voice and bigger movements habitually in everyday living Your louder voice and bigger movements will last over time. Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 13 8/23/2017 LSVT BIG Treatment Session Maximal Daily Exercises 1.Floor to Ceiling – 8 reps 2.Side to Side – 8 each side 3.Forward step – 8 each side 4.Sideways step – 8 each side 5.Backward step – 8 each side 6.Forward Rock and Reach – 10 each side (working up to 20) 7.Sideways Rock and Reach – 10 each side (working up to 20) Walking BIG Distance/time may vary Hierarchy Exercises Patient identified tasks: Getting out of bed, Playing golf, Getting in and out of a car Build complexity across 4 weeks of treatment towards long‐term goal Homework Includes all daily exercises and hierarchy exercises Assigned all 30 days Carryover Exercises Functional Component Tasks 5 EVERYDAY TASKS– 5 reps each For example: ‐Sit‐to‐Stand ‐Pulling keys out of pocket ‐Using cell phone Use loud voice in real life situations outside of the treatment room Assigned all 30 days LSVT LOUD Treatment Session Daily Exercises Maximum Duration of Sustained Vowel Phonation (Long Ahs) – 15+ reps Maximum Fundamental Frequency Range (High/Low Ahs) – 15 reps each Maximum Functional Speech Loudness (Functional Phrases) – 5 reps of 10 phrases Hierarchy Exercises Structured reading – multiple reps, 20+ Off the cuff – bridge the gap to conversation Build complexity across 4 weeks of treatment towards your long‐term communication goal Homework Includes all daily exercises and hierarchy exercises Assigned all 30 days Carryover Exercises Use loud voice in real life situations outside of the treatment room Assigned all 30 days How the Daily Exercises help you? They help you with: FUNCTION!!! •Being able to completely start and stop – this helps with preventing festination, retropulsion, and freezing of gait •Direction changes ‐ making turns •Endurance – Aerobic •Balance •Strengthening •Swallowing – preliminary data •Intonation •Functional ability – What do you want to be able to do??? Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 14 8/23/2017 The Daily Exercises in LSVT Protocols (e.g long ahs, rock and reach exercises) are tools to facilitate improved loudness and movements They are not the end goal of therapy Improved FUNCTION is the goal! Daily Exercises Function LSVT BIG Example Treatment Exercise: rock and reach Treatment Goal: better arm swing and stability when walking dog Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 15 8/23/2017 Multidirectional Repetitive Movements Step and Reach Forward Step Sideways Step Backward Step LSVT LOUD Example Treatment Exercise: “ long ah” Treatment Goal: louder voice in conversation What are Functional Phrases/ Component Tasks? Everyday phrases and tasks chosen by YOU Their purpose is: • To overlearn important, commonly used everyday movements and phrases (300+ reps of each in a month!) • To help you bring amplitude thinking into everyday life • To remind you of your BIG movements and LOUD voice outside of therapy • To encourage consistency of HEP and carryover outside of therapy • To help you realize how amplitude can improve your function Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 16 8/23/2017 Progressing in Difficulty • Tasks/Phrases NEVER change • Can add cognitive or motor challenges Conversation, math problems, “lists”, recitation, distractors etc. Memory or Balance challenges, speed challenges, wrist/leg weights • Why? ‐ We live in a dual tasking world. Real world application! Drives neuroplasticity! Mental Sticky NotesThink LOUD,Think BIG!!! LOUD LOUD BIG BIG BIG LOUD BIG LOUD LOUD BIG Hierarchy Exercises • Identified through discussion on the person with PD’s interests and hobbies • Made salient (meaningful) to each individual person • Tailored to match severity of speech/movement symptoms • Working towards long‐term communication or movement goals • Primary focus of the second half of the treatment session Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 17 8/23/2017 Hierarchy Task Examples “Real‐World” Goals – Patient DRIVEN! LSVT LOUD LSVT BIG • Maintain voice for teaching/lecturing or other job responsibilities • Being understood at church/restaurant • Getting in/out of bed • Laundry • Going out to church/restaurant • Playing with children/grandchildren • Shopping • Transportation: train/bus/car • Getting the mail • Cleaning the house • Reading to children/grandchildren • Being understood on the telephone • Communicate with care partners or care takers • Converse with spouse and family without having to repeat all the time BIG Walking – part of all LSVT BIG Sessions including Hierarchy • Part of every session • Length and time vary • Focus on Amplitude! • Add in Real World Challenges Over Time: changes in environment, freezing triggers, distractors, endurance and speed challenges, cognitive “loads”, motor challenges (carrying things, using a phone, etc.) Homework The most important thing about homework is: By end of treatment patients have a well‐established homework routine they can and will continue on their own Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 18 8/23/2017 Homework during treatment • 10 minutes one other time on treatment days • 15 minutes twice a day on non‐treatment days Components of Homework • LSVT LOUD • Daily exercises • Long ahs • High/low ahs • Functional phrases • Speech hierarchy exercises • Carryover Assignments • LSVT BIG • Daily exercises • Sustained Exercises • Repetitive Stepping and Rocking Exercises • Functional Component Tasks • BIG walking • Carryover Assignments Homework is NOT optional! Homework is a KEY to long‐term success! Homework makes you feel better and speak/move better! Carryover Exercises WHY do we need Carryover Exercises? MISMATCH between on‐line perception of output (voice and movement) and how others perceive it in people with PD “I’m not too soft.” “I can’t speak like this, I am shouting!!” “I had no idea how small my world had become” “I can’t move like this, people will think I am crazy!!” Fox et al, 2002; Sapir et al, 2011 Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 19 8/23/2017 Carryover Exercises Daily assignments to use Loud voice or Big movements in real life situations outside of the treatment room Difficulty of the assignment progresses across the four weeks of treatment Carryover exercises are specific and you are made accountable for doing them After treatment, keep your daily dose of LSVT LOUD and LSVT BIG homework exercises! + + = The best combination for success! Post-graduate groups • These have been a part of LSVT LOUD or LSVT BIG follow‐up for years • Previous group formats were not systematic and not available in all areas • Groups do NOT replace the need for individual treatment!!!! LSVT Global Goal: Increase consistency and availability of post‐graduate maintenance groups. Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 20 8/23/2017 Post-graduate groups LOUD for LIFETM BIG for LIFETM • Provide systematic exercises/goals for group exercises • Offer specialty training to clinicians who are group leaders • Increase accessibility to maintenance programs globally • AGAIN – groups are Only for patients who have completed individual LSVT LOUD or LSVT BIG treatment Post-graduate groups LOUD for LIFE Pilot Launch of Test Group: July 2015‐ongoing • Phase 1: Live training for LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD Clinicians in Spring of 2016 • Phase 2: Assess results and expand access to all LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD Clinicians either live or online • Will be able to search the clinician directory to find a group near you – late 2017 Does it take effort? YES! Is it worth the effort? YES! Will there be days when you don’t succeed? YES! Do the best you can and know your LSVT Clinician is there to help! Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 21 8/23/2017 Is any type regular, intensive exercise (voice or general) adequate for people who have completed LSVT LOUD and LSVT BIG ? Regular intensive exercise and activity is very important, but it does NOT replace a daily dose of LSVT LOUD and LSVT BIG! WHY? • Not all exercise focuses on AMPLITUDE • Amplitude focused exercise needed EVERY day due to hypokinesia and bradykinesia • Not all exercise focuses on sensory awareness challenges in people with PD. Recognizing you need to feel louder and bigger than you think just to be within normal limits!! • Not all exercises are salient/individualized. Functional phrases/ functional movements as part of LSVT LOUD and LSVT BIG important for long‐term carryover. Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 22 8/23/2017 CAN exercise improve your function? • Include task specificity • Incorporates your individual goals • Requires sufficient repetition and intensity • Addresses sensory mismatch to increase likelihood of carryover • You must KEEP practicing!!!! Exercise • Important for heart, lung, muscle, bone and vocal health • Should be a part of your daily program • Likely not addressing your PD‐ specific and functional needs • Recommend a therapist see you first to help set up a personalized program • Exercise together Therapy – LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD •Also important for heart, lung, muscle, bone and vocal health •Should be a part of your daily program •Addresses your PD‐specific and functional needs • Hypokinesia/Bradykinesia • Dual‐tasking • Assistive Devices • Gait, Falls, Freezing • Activities of Daily Living •Will challenge you daily Make the commitment! 16 hours of treatment How much time is it really? Less then one full day’s time PD may last 10 ‐20 years or more (87,600 – 175,200 hours of living with PD) VERY SMALL investment for HUGE potential return!!! Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 23 8/23/2017 “My voice is alive again!” – Lucy R “Public speaking was my life until the Parkinson’s gremlin stole my voice! I fought back with an LSVT clinician, my own private Wizard of Ahhhhs.” – Peggy V “By the end of the four weeks of extensive training, I had packed my cane away in the closet and I started riding my bike in 6 inch heels! I certainly attribute everything I’ve accomplished to LSVT BIG!” – Patti M “LSVT BIG has changed my life. I can free walk, arise from any armless chair, in or out of a car in a flash, the impact on my life is beyond a miracle.” – Charles H. Summary •Exercise is VITAL in the management of PD •Skilled services of professional therapists (PTs, OTs, SLPs) should be utilized for treatment specifically focused on the needs of individuals with PD (LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD) •Daily exercise post‐treatment is necessary to maintain treatment gains How to get started with LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD • Ask your doctor for a referral and a prescription for a speech or physical/occupational therapy evaluation and treatment • Visit www.lsvtglobal.com to find an LSVT LOUD or LSVT BIG Certified Clinician in your area • Call our office at 1‐888‐438‐5788 to have our staff assist you in locating clinicians Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 24 8/23/2017 Further Learning Opportunities • Webinars‐PD Community • FREE! Invite others! • “On Demand” http://www.lsvtglobal.com/patient‐resources/free‐ webinars • LIVE http://www.lsvtglobal.com/patient‐resources/free‐live‐ webinars • “Ask the Expert”‐info@lsvtglobal.com • LOUD for LIFE® update • LSVT Companion Home Edition • LSVT LOUD and LSVT BIG Homework Helper DVDs QUESTIONS? www.lsvtglobal.com info@lsvtglobal.com Copyright of LSVT Global, Inc. 2017 25