kl hoang manh linh 060600d

VIETNAM GENERAL CONFEDERATION OF LABOUR TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS THESIS DESIGN, SIMULATION, MANUFACTURE AND MEASUREMENT OF PLANAR INVERTED L ANTENNA WITH TWO RESONANT FREQUENCIES ADVISOR: DR YIH-CHIEN CHEN STUDENTS: HOANG MANH LINH 060600D VO HOANG QUAN 060640D CLASS: 06DD2D COURSE: 10 HO CHI MINH, JANUARY 04, 2011 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURE LIST OF TABLE 12 LIST OF ABBREVIATION 13 CHAPTER : ANTENNA 14 1.1 INTRODUCTION 14 1.2 TYPE OF ANTENNA 15 1.2.1 Wire Antenna 15 1.2.2 Aperture Antenna 16 1.2.3 Microstrip Antenna 16 1.2.4 Array Antenna 17 1.2.5 Reflector Antenna .18 1.2.6 Lens Antenna 19 1.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES 20 1.3.1 Maxwell‟ Equation 20 1.3.2 Plane Wave Properties 21 1.3.2.1 Field Relationships 22 1.3.2.2 Wave impedance 23 1.3.2.3 Poynting Vector 23 1.3.2.4 Phase Velocity 23 1.3.2.5 Lossy Media 24 1.3.3 Polarisation States 25 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies CHAPTER : ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS 26 2.1 PRINCIPLES 26 2.1.1 Necessary Conditions for Radiation .26 2.1.2 Near-Field and Far-Field Regions 27 2.1.3 Far-Field Radiation from Wires 28 2.2 ANTENNA PARAMETERS 30 2.2.1 Radiation Pattern 30 2.2.2 Radiation Resistance and Efficiency 32 2.2.3 Power Gain 33 2.2.4 Bandwidth 34 2.2.5 Directivity 35 2.2.6 Reflection coefficient 35 2.2.7 Input Impedance 36 2.2.8 Beamwidth 36 CHAPTER : MICROSTRIP ANTENNA 37 3.1 INTRODUCTION 37 3.2 MICROSTRIP LINE 37 3.3 FIELD RADIATION 38 3.4 SUBSTRATE MATERIALS 39 3.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 41 3.6 APPLICATIONS 42 3.7 TYPES OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA 43 3.8 MICROSTRIP FEED 44 3.9 COAXIAL FEED 45 CHAPTER : PLANAR INVERTED L ANTENNA WITH TWO RESONANT FREQUENCIES DESIGN AND SIMULATION 46 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies 4.1 INTRODUCTION 46 4.2 PLANAR INVERTED L ANTENNA DESIGN 47 4.2.1 TXLine Software .47 4.2.2 HFSS Software 48 4.2.2.1 Introduction 48 4.2.2.2 Overall step for design antenna 50 4.2.3 Feed-line design 65 4.2.4 Inverted L1 Strip Design 65 4.2.5 Inverted L2 Strip Design 66 4.2.6 Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies 66 4.3 PLANAR INVERTED L ANTENNA SIMULATION 67 4.3.1 Inverted L1 Strip Simulation 67 4.3.2 Inverted L2 Strip Simulation 68 4.3.3 Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies 70 CHAPTER : PLANAR INVERTED L ANTENNA WITH TWO RESONANT FREQUENCIES MANUFACTURE 71 5.1 INTRODUCTION 71 5.2 PRODUCT REVIEW 71 5.2.1 Tracing Paper 71 5.2.2 FR4 substrate 72 5.2.3 Exposure 72 5.2.4 Add reagent .73 5.2.5 Develop .73 5.2.6 Add ferric chloride 74 5.2.7 Etching 74 5.2.8 Alcohol wipe .75 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies 5.2.9 Connect with SMA 75 5.2.10 Finish .76 CHAPTER : PLANAR INVERTED L ANTENNA WITH TWO RESONANT FREQUENCIES MEASUREMENT 77 6.1 NETWORK ANALYZER 77 6.2.1 Introduction .77 6.2.2 Measurement Result 78 6.2 RADIATION PATTERN WITH 2D MACHINE 80 6.2.1 Introduction .80 6.2.2 Radiation pattern .81 6.2.2.1 The simulated radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz 81 6.2.2.2 The simulated radiation pattern at 5.2 GHz 83 6.2.3 Gain chart 85 CONCLUSION 86 BIBLIOGRAPHY 87 APPENDIX 88 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies ACKNOWLEDGMENT The research for this thesis was undertaken during my time as internship student at Lunghwa University of Science and Technology Without the involvement and generous support of numerous people, my studies and thesis would not have been possible First, I would like to thank Dr Yih Chien Chen, my thesis advisor for his valuable feedback, guidance, encouragement and the many inspiring discussions I would like to thank all master students at laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at Lunghwa University for help me complete this thesis Second, I would like to thank the teachers at Faculty of Electricity and Electronics at Ton Duc Thang University who taught me during the past and made best conditions for me to finish the time at Lunghwa University Finally, and most importantly, I would like to thank my family who have supported and encouraged me to complete this thesis Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies ABSTRACT In recent years, wide development and deployment of a variety of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) protocols has sparked the need of developing antennas for use at base stations and peripheral devices Today, the most widespread WLAN protocols are IEEE 802.11b/g, which utilizes the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band, and IEEE 802.11a, which employs the 5.2 GHz UNII frequency band As a result of such availability, many WLAN providers are interested in offering access to the two frequency bands of 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz, performance WLAN access point antennas can play an important role in improving the overall performance of the WLAN system In this thesis, we research about Planar Inverted L Antenna (PILA), which has low profile with double inverted L resonant frequencies and use for Wireless communications in the Wireless local area network (WLAN) bands, exactly at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz Planar Inverted L Antenna designed by HFSS software and manufacture as printed on FR4 substrate It has the lowest return loss, the gain and bandwidth are better stability We have six chapters in this thesis More details shown as in the contents  Chapter 1: introduce about Antenna, Antenna definition, Types of antenna and about Electromagnetic properties  Chapter 2: introduce about Antenna fundamentals  Chapter 3: introduce about Microstrip antenna  Chapter 4: introduce about Planar Inverted L Antenna with two resonant frequencies design and simulation  Chapter 5: introduce about Planar Inverted L Antenna with two resonant frequencies manufacture  Chapter 6: introduce about Planar Inverted L Antenna with two resonant frequencies measurement Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1.1 Antenna as a transition device 14 Figure 1.2 Wire antenna configurations .15 Figure 1.3 Aperture antenna configurations .16 Figure 1.4 Rectangular and circular microstrip (patch) antenna 17 Figure 1.5 Typical wire, aperture, and microstrip array configurations 18 Figure 1.6 Typical reflector configurations .19 Figure 1.7 Typical lens antenna configurations 20 Figure 1.8 Plane wave and propagation .21 Figure 1.9 Field attenuation in lossy medium 24 Figure 2.1 Only accelerating charges produce radiation .27 Figure 2.2 Definition of field regions .28 Figure 2.3 Coordinate system for antenna calculations 29 Figure 2.4 Radiation pattern of a Hertzian dipole 31 Figure 2.5 Radiation pattern of a generic antenna 32 Figure 2.6 Equivalent circuit of transmitting antenna 32 Figure 2.7 Composite pattern calculation for a typical cellular base station antenna 34 Figure 2.8 Rectangular plot of radiation pattern .36 Figure 3.1 The general geometry of microstrip antenna 38 Figure 3.2 The electromagnetic field pattern of the basic microstrip transmission line 38 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies Figure 3.3 Properties of microwave dielectric substrates 40 Figure 3.4 The various patch patterns used for microstrip patch antenna 43 Figure 3.5 The centre microstrip feed and off-centre microstrip feed patch antenna 44 Figure 3.6 The various coaxial feed excitations .45 Figure 4.1 Calculate the size with TXLine software 47 Figure 4.2 The structure and the size of Planar Inverted L Antenna 48 Figure 4.3 The main interface of HFSS 49 Figure 4.4 The interface of Project Manager 49 Figure 4.5 The interface of Property Window .50 Figure 4.6 Drawing substrate using the Draw Box, length 50 mm, width 50 mm, height 1.6 mm 50 Figure 4.7 Click on the substrate and select Assign Material 51 Figure 4.8 Select FR4_epoxy and click OK 51 Figure 4.9 Select Box1 and Set Transparency is 52 Figure 4.10 Drawing ground using the Draw Rectangle, length 21 mm, width 22 mm .52 Figure 4.11 Drawing Ground and Feedline 53 Figure 4.12 Drawing two inverted L using Draw Rectangle 53 Figure 4.13 Click on Retangle1, Retangle2, Retangle3, Retangle4, Retangle5 Select Assign Boundary and Finite Conductivity .54 Figure 4.14 Select copper and click OK 54 Figure 4.15 Drawing SMA using Draw box, length mm, width mm, height 5.6 mm .55 Figure 4.16 Click Box2 Select Assign Boundary and Finite Conductivity 55 Figure 4.17 Click Use Material and vacuum .56 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies Figure 4.18 Select copper and click OK 56 Figure 4.19 Select face inside of Box2 and set WavePort1 57 Figure 4.20 Set Impedance 57 Figure 4.21 Drawing Box3 for cover the antenna, length 100 mm, width 120 mm, height 100 mm 58 Figure 4.22 Click Box3 Select Assign Boundary and Radiation 58 Figure 4.23 Set Rad1 for Radiation Boundary 59 Figure 4.24 Click HFSS, and Analysis Setup, Add Solution Setup .59 Figure 4.25 Set Solution Frequency and Maximum Number of Passes 60 Figure 4.26 Click HFSS, and Analysis Setup, Add Sweep 60 Figure 4.27 Click OK 61 Figure 4.28 Set Frequency and Sweep Type 61 Figure 4.29 Validation Check 62 Figure 4.30 Analyze all 62 Figure 4.31 Click on Results Select Create Report 63 Figure 4.32 Select Type of Report 63 Figure 4.33 Select Parameter, Quantity, Function Click Add Trace .64 Figure 4.34 Simulation Result 64 Figure 4.35 Feed-line design by HFSS 65 Figure 4.36 Inverted L1 strip design by HFSS .65 Figure 4.37 Inverted L2 strip design by HFSS .66 Figure 4.38 Planar Inverted L Antenna with two resonant frequencies 66 Figure 4.39 The simulation of various Inverted L1 strip size 67 Figure 4.40 The best size of Inverted L1 strip size 68 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies 6.2.2 Radiation pattern 6.2.2.1 The simulated radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz Figure 6.6 The Simulated Radiation Patterns In The X-Y Plane at 2.4 GHz In X-Y Plane, the red line show for vertical pattern of antenna and the blue line show for horizontal pattern of antenna Every direction, we have one point show about the gain, angle of a antenna In vertical, the point at red line shown as Figure 6.6, about peak gain is -12.7 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 600 and average gain about -15.37 dBi In horizontal, the point at blue line shown as Figure 6.6, about peak gain is 6.1 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 1250 and average gain about 1.57 dBi Figure 6.7 The Simulated Radiation Patterns In The X-Z Plane at 2.4 GHz Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 81 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies In X-Z Plane, the red line show for vertical pattern of antenna and the blue line show for horizontal pattern of antenna Every direction, we have one point show about the gain, angle of a antenna In vertical, the point at red line shown as Figure 6.7, about peak gain is 1.19 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 1200 and average gain about -0.14 dBi In horizontal, the point at blue line shown as Figure 6.7, about peak gain is 1.4 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 1450 and average gain about -2.38 dBi Figure 6.8 The Simulated Radiation Patterns In The Y-Z Plane at 2.4 GHz In Y-Z Plane, the red line show for vertical pattern of antenna and the blue line show for horizontal pattern of antenna Every direction, we have one point show about the gain, angle of a antenna In vertical, the point at red line shown as Figure 6.8, about peak gain is -1.15 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 2750 and average gain about -3.69 dBi In horizontal, the point at blue line shown as Figure 6.8, about peak gain is 2.82 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 400 and average gain about -0.29 dBi Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 82 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies 6.2.2.2 The simulated radiation pattern at 5.2 GHz Figure 6.9 The Simulated Radiation Patterns In The X-Y Plane at 5.2 GHz In X-Y Plane, the red line show for vertical pattern of antenna and the blue line show for horizontal pattern of antenna Every direction, we have one point show about the gain, angle of a antenna In vertical, the point at red line shown as Figure 6.9, about peak gain is -22.43 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 1900 and average gain about -27.62 dBi In horizontal, the point at blue line shown as Figure 6.9, about peak gain is -3.03 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 2550 and average gain about -6.09 dBi Figure 6.10 The Simulated Radiation Patterns In The X-Z Plane at 5.2 GHz Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 83 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies In X-Z Plane, the red line show for vertical pattern of antenna and the blue line show for horizontal pattern of antenna Every direction, we have one point show about the gain, angle of a antenna In vertical, the point at red line shown as Figure 6.10, about peak gain is -5.54 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 2850 and average gain about -6.77 dBi In horizontal, the point at blue line shown as Figure 6.10, about peak gain is -5.01 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 1450 and average gain about -10.61 dBi Figure 6.11 The Simulated Radiation Patterns In The Y-Z Plane at 5.2 GHz In Y-Z Plane, the red line show for vertical pattern of antenna and the blue line show for horizontal pattern of antenna Every direction, we have one point show about the gain, angle of a antenna In vertical, the point at red line shown as Figure 6.11, about peak gain is -3.22 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 950 and average gain about -8.18 dBi In horizontal, the point at blue line shown as Figure 6.11, about peak gain is -7.54 dBi, peak angle of antenna is 1600 and average gain about -12.33 dBi Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 84 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies 6.2.3 Gain chart Figure 6.12 The gain chart at 2.4 GHz At 2.4 GHz, the pattern in the X-Y plane is with a peak gain magnitude of 6.155 dBi, the pattern in the y-z plane is with a peak gain magnitude of 3.5 dBi, while the pattern in the x-z plane is with a peak gain magnitude of 4.2 dBi Figure 6.13 The gain chart at 5.2 GHz At 5.2 GHz, the pattern in the x-y plane is with a peak gain magnitude of -1.545 dBi, the pattern in the y-z plane is with a peak gain magnitude of -2.38 dBi, while the pattern in the x-z plane is with a peak gain magnitude of -2.93 dBi Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 85 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies CONCLUSION After finish this thesis, we has knowledge summary about Planar Inverted L Antenna is an improved version of the monopole antenna The straight wire monopole is the antenna with the most basic form Its dominant resonance appears at around one quarter of the operating wavelength The height of quarter wavelength has restricted their application to instances where a low profile design is necessary Advantages:  Reduced height  Reduced backward radiation  Moderate to high gain in both vertical and horizontal polarizations Disadvantages:  Narrow bandwidth: the shorting post near the feeding probe of the PILA antenna is a good method for reducing the antenna size, but this result in the narrow impedance bandwidth Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 86 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Simon R.Saunders, Alekandro Aragon Zavala, 2007, Antennas And Propagation For Wireless Communication Systems, John Wiley & Sons Ltd [2] Kin-Lu Wong, 2003, Plannar Antennas For Wireless Communications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd [3] Kin-Lu Wong, 2002, Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas, John Wiley & Sons Ltd [4] C A Balanis, 2005, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons Ltd Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 87 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies APPENDIX Setup HFSS Click “HFSS 10\[Ansoft.HFSS.v10]\HFSS10_Win\autorun” Click “Install Software” Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 88 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies Click “Next” Click “Yes” Fill informations and click “Next” Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 89 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies Click “Next” Click “Next” Click “Next” Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 90 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies Click “Next” Click “Next” Installing Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 91 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies Click “Finish” Copy “mesh3d_ng, meshsetup, meshsetup.dll” in “C:\Programfiles/Ansoft/HFSS10” to desktop Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 92 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies Copy file “HFSSFIX” in “HFSS10\[Ansoft.HFSS.v10]crack\” to “C:\program Files\Ansoft\HFSS10\” Click “HFSSFIX” Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 93 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies Finish patched software Copy “mesh3d_ng, meshsetup, meshsetup.dll” in desktop back to “C:\Programfiles/Ansoft/HFSS10” After that, click “hfss” to run the program Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 94 Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement Of Planar Inverted L Antenna With Two Resonant Frequencies Installed successfully Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page 95 ... 23 1.3.2.5 Lossy Media 24 1.3.3 Polarisation States 25 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement... PLANAR INVERTED L ANTENNA WITH TWO RESONANT FREQUENCIES DESIGN AND SIMULATION 46 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement... chloride 74 5.2.7 Etching 74 5.2.8 Alcohol wipe .75 Hoang Manh Linh – 060600D|Vo Hoang Quan – 060640D Page Design, Simulation, Manufacture And Measurement