1. Trang chủ
  2. » Thể loại khác

Encyclopedia of society and culture in the medieval world (4 volume set) ( facts on file library of world history ) ( PDFDrive ) 561

1 1 0

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU

Thông tin cơ bản

Định dạng
Số trang 1
Dung lượng 100,68 KB

Nội dung

534  health and disease: primary source documents scribed chronic nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys), facial paralysis, gastric ulcers, and the various types and causes of hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) He also described the dilation and contraction of the pupils and iris of the eye and their diagnostic value, identified the six motor muscles of the eye, and discussed the functions of the tear ducts He noted the contagious nature of some diseases, which he attributed to “traces” left in the air by a sick person The Canon also included a description of some 760 medicinal plants and the drugs that could be derived from them At the same time, Ibn Sina laid out the basic rules for conducting clinical drug trials The Canon served as a medical textbook for a longer period than any other medical work Abu al-Qasim Khalaf bin Abbas al-Zahrawi was known to the West by his Latinized name Albucasis (ca 936–ca 1013) He was the greatest Muslim surgeon Contemporary and later medieval European surgeons came to regard him as a greater authority than Galen Al-Zahrawi produced a medical encyclopedia in 30 volumes, at-Tasrif (The Method of Medicine), covering numerous aspects of medicine, with particular emphasis on obstetrics, maternal and child health, and the anatomy and physiology of the human body The largest section of at-Tasrif was devoted to surgery, the first independent treatise on surgery ever written The work covers a wide range of surgical issues, including cautery, the treatment of wounds, the extraction of arrows, and the setting of bones in simple and compound fractures Az-Zahrawi also promoted the use of antiseptics in treating wounds and skin injuries; he made sutures from animal intestines, silk, wool, and other substances; and he developed techniques to widen urinary passages and to explore body cavities surgically He was also the first to describe the classic operation for cancer of the breast, the use of lithotomy for the removal of bladder stones, and techniques for removing thyroid cysts At-Tasrif is also the first work containing diagrams of more than 200 surgical instruments Many of these instruments, with modifications, are still in use today Europe Hunayn ibn Ishaq, known in the Western world as Johannitius (809–73) wrote Ten Treatises on the Eye, composed in the ninth century, which demonstrated considerable advancement in knowledge of the eye and its workings over Greco-Roman treatises on the same subject It also accurately described the way in which the retina of the eye inverts images Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili (fl ca 900) specialized in eye care His only surviving writing discusses 48 eye diseases The book also describes surgical instruments for use in eyes, including a hollow needle that could remove a cataract from the eye by suction This hollow tube is mentioned by later ophthalmologists The removal of a cataract by suction with a hollow needle was observed by the oculist and historian Ibn Abi Usaybi in about 1230 in the famed Nuri hospital in Damascus A high degree of surgical and diagnostic skill was displayed in al-Mawsili’s treatment of trachoma, the major cause of blindness in the medieval period, and the disorders that sometimes followed it Treatment consisted of scraping the interior of the eyelid with a selection of scrapers Intricate surgical procedures were used for dealing with trichiasis (superfluous or ingrown eyelashes) and entropion (rolled-in eyelids) Ala-al-din abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi, known as Ibn al-Nafis (1213–88), was a Syrian-born physician practicing in Egypt, where he was chief of physicians at the Mansuriya Hospital Some diagrams and a treatise that he had written were rediscovered in Berlin in 1924 These documents demonstrated that Ibn al-Nafis had described the pulmonary circulation of the blood some 300 years before William Harvey See also alchemy and magic; climate and geography; death and burial practices; education; festivals; food and diet; government organization; inventions; migration and population movements; occupations; pandemics and epidemics; religion and cosmology; science; settlement patterns •  Paul of Aegina: Extract from Epitomes iatrikes biblio hepta (Byzantium, seventh century)  • On Fracture and Contusion Thigh and The Nose of the The case of a broken thigh is analogous to that of the arm, but in particular, a fractured thigh is mostly deranged forwards and outwards, for the bone is naturally flattened on those sides It is to be set by the hands, with ligatures, and even cords applied, the one above and the other below the fracture When the fracture takes place at one end, if at the head of the thigh, the middle part of a thong wrapped round with wool, so that it may not cut the parts there, is to be

Ngày đăng: 29/10/2022, 22:05