occupations: further reading 805 and cosmology; roads and bridges; science; seafaring and navigation; settlement patterns; slaves and slavery; social organization; sports and recreation; storage and preservation; textiles and needlework; trade and exchange; transportation; weaponry and armor; writing Further Reading Eliyahu Ashtor, A Social and Economic History of the Near East in the Middle Ages (London: Collins, 1976) Martin Hall, The Changing Past: Farmers, Kings, and Traders in Southern Africa, 200–1860 (Cape Town, South Africa: D Philip, 1987) David Herlihy, Opera Muliebria: Women and Work in Medieval Europe (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1990) E Stuart Kirby, Introduction to the Economic History of China (Westport, Conn.: Hyperion Press, 1973) Maya Shatzmiller, Labour in the Medieval Islamic World (Leiden, Netherlands; New York: E J Brill, 1994) A L Udovitch, ed., The Islamic Middle East, 700–1900: Studies in Economic and Social History (Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press, 1981)