424 Index Alexander, James, 413 Alexander the Great (king of Macedon), 241 Alexei (czar of Russia), 91, 302, 305 Algonquian Indians, 138, 188, 267, 315 Ali, 342 Ali Beer, 366 Allen, William, 41 Almagro, Diego de, 12–14, 15, 20, 63, 101, 299, 310, 393 Almagro the Younger, 310 Almeida, Francisco de, 12, 226 Almohads, 41 alpaca, 85 alphabets, Latin, 74 Altan Khan, 14, 248 Alvarado, Pedro de, 13, 14–15, 68, 74, 105, 246, 247, 300, 312 Álvares, Diogo, 50 Álvaro I (king of Kongo), 204 Amba Sel, Battle of, 177 Ambrose, Saint, 126 American Philosophical Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge, 346 American Revolution, xxxiii, 46, 124–125, 160, 179, 346 Americas, xxvii–xxviii Americas, epidemics in, 122–125, 250 Amherst, Jeffrey, Lord 219 Amman, Jacob, 16 amoebic dysentery, 85 Anabaptism, 15–16, 42, 255, 256, 296 Andagoya, Pascual de, 299 Andean religion, 16–18 Andes, xxvi, xxviii, xxxiii, 16–17, 63, 82, 99, 333, 360 Andros, Edmund, 238 Anglican Book of Common Prayer, 41 Anglican Church, 19, 188, 234 Anglo-Chinese War(s), 324 Anglo-Dutch War(s), 114 Angola, 204 Angoulême, House of, 392 Annam, 323 Anne (queen of Great Britain), 19, 278 Anne of Austria, 217, 306 Anne of Cleves, 163 Anne of Denmark, 69 Anselm of Canterbury, 103 Antigua, 373 Antiquera, José de, 45 Apache Indians, 263, 316 Apoko, Osei, 23 Apology to the Augsburg Confession, 26–27 Apostles Creed, 126 Aquinas, Thomas, 92, 135, 216 Arabella, 404 Arad, Sayfa, 209 Araucanian Indians (southwestern South America), 19–20 Arawak Indians, 65, 67 Archimedes, 143, 174 architecture, 20–23 Argentina, 38, 56 Argyll, duke of, 149 Argyll Rebellion, 150 Arias de Ávila, Pedro, 105 Aristotle, 216, 344, 353 Arjan Dev, 360 Arkwright, Richard, 347 art, 20–23 Articles of Piracy, 384 Asantehene, 23 Ashanti kingdom in Africa, 8, 23–24 Ashikaga Shogunate, 76, 205, 284 Ashikaga Yoshiaki, 284 Asia in 1700, M83 asiento, 363 Asiento Privilege, 29 Askia Daud (Songhai ruler), 366 Askia Ishaq II (Songhai ruler), 341, 366 Askia Muhammad Touré, 366 astronomy, 103, 143–144, 201, 344, 345, 346 Atahualpa (Inca emperor), xxviii, 13, 24–25, 63, 64, 299, 300, 310 Atamans, 90 Athanasius, 126 Atlantic islands of Spain and Portugal, 25–26 audencias, 44–45, 275 Augsburg, Diet of, 27 Augsburg, League of, 218, 402 Augsburg, Peace of, 26–27, 73 Augsburg, Treaty of, 158 Augsburg Confession, 27–28, 242 Augustus II the Strong of Saxony (king of Poland), 194, 219, 303 Augustine, 126, 196 Augustinian Order, 92, 276 Augustus, George, 149 Aurangzeb (Mughal emperor), 28–29, 81, 257, 295, 329, 356, 358, 359, 360, 380 Austin of Bordeaux, 22 Austria, 230–231 Austrian Succession, War of the, 29–30, 55, 149, 158, 167, 219, 311 auto-da-fé, 207, 410 Axayácatl, 31, 250 Axel Oxensteirna, 396 Ayers, Goodwife, 405 Azov, Battle of, 303 Aztecs, xxx, xxxi, xxxii, 14, 30–32, 49, 61, 89, 105, 123, 228, 229, 244, 245, 247, 250–251, 263, 264, 312, 411 ritual human sacrifice by, 32–33 Aztec Triple Alliance, 33 B Babington Plot, 121 Babur (Mughal emperor), 10, 35, 102, 174, 261, 295, 328 Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel, 259 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 39, 258, 259 Bacon, Sir Francis, 36, 252, 345, 346 Bacon, Nathaniel, 37 Bacon’s Rebellion, xxvi, 37, 55, 179 Baden, Treaty of, 370 Baghdad, 291 Bahadur, 175 Bahri rulers, 229 Bairan Khan, 295 Bakewell, Robert, 347 Bakongo (ethnic group), Balam, Justo, 75 Balboa, Vasco Núñez de, 68, 310, 388, 399 Balkan Wars, 293 Baltimore, first baron (George Calvert), 54, 234 Balue, Cardinal, 195 bandeirantes, in Brazil, 37–38, 51 Bantu (ethnic group), Barbados, 365, 372, 373 Barbarossa (Ottoman admiral [Khair ad Din]), 292 Barbary Company, 341 Barebone’s Parliament, 96 Barker, Robert, 41 Barnet, Battle of, 338, 339 baroque tradition in Europe, 38–39 Barrera Vásquez, Alfredo, 75 Barrow, Isaac, 277 Barry, Madame du (Jeanne Bécu), 219 Basamov, Peter, 152 Basho¯, Matsuo, 147, 215 Basin of Mexico, 31 Bassi, Laura, 345 Bati Del Wambara, 178 Batu Mongke (Mongol ruler), 14 Bayan Khan, 14 Baybars (Mamluk sultan), 230 Bayezid II (Ottoman sultan), 291 beans, 83, 266, 279 Beaton, Cardinal (David), 202, 203 Beaufort, Edmund, 338 Belalcázar, Sebastián de, 193 Belarus, 52 Bella Coola, 170