INDEX matter vs form 38, 63, 86–7, 114, 203 matter, spiritual 40, 63 Matthews, Gareth 215 maxima & minima 98 Maximus the confessor 28 Medici 109, 112 memory 217–8 mental language 144 metaphor 285, 312 metaphysics 189–203 Michael of Cesena, 93–4 Michael Scot 54 millennium 11 modi signiWcandi 143 modistic logic 142–3 monophysitism 17, 27 monothelitism 28 moon 58 motion, 180–2 Muhammad 29 murder 255, 276 natural rights 94 nature 31–2, 265 necessary being 190–1, 289–90 necessity 212, 284 Nestorians 34 Newman, J.H 99–100 Nicholas of Autrecourt 96–7 Nicholas of Cusa 104–5, 311–2 Nicholas V, Pope 107, 310 nominalism 91, 125, 144–5, 151–3, 208 nothing 32, 116 nouns 123 numbers 33, 62, 293 obligation 275–6 Ockham, William 56, 89–97, 143–50, 173–5, 186–7, 207–211, 245–7, 275–7 omnipotence 295–7, 301–2, 307 omniscience 298–301 ontological argument, 163, 292–5 Oresme, Nicole, 95 original sin 282 ownership vs use 92, 101 Oxford University 33, 55–6, 57, 83, 95, 97–9 Padua University 103, 111 pantheism 287 Paradise 7–9, 258, 274 paradoxes 127, 294 Paris University 55–6, 83, 95 Pasnau, Robert 164 passive intellect 50, 230, 236 past, undoing 295 Paul, St 259, 310 Pelagius 282 Peter de Rivo 153 Peter of Ireland 63 Peter of Maricourt 80 Peter of Spain 129, 146 phantasms 236 Philip the Fair 83 Philoponus, John 26–7, 36, 95, 179–80 Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni 109–10 Pius X, Pope 76–7 Plantinga, Alvin 293 Plato 8, 22, 50, 105–11, 117, 198 pleasure 216 Plethon, George Gemistos 106 Plotinus 4, 23 plurality of forms 241 Pomponazzi, Pietro 112–4, 247–51 Porphyry 119–20 possibility, logical vs synchronic vs epistemic 202, 306 possible worlds 87, 202, 292 potentiality, subjective vs objective 203 poverty 92–3 power vs opportunity 245 powers, obvious vs occult 244 practical reason 221, 239–41 Prague University 103 predestination 282, 310 predicables 119 predication 132, 151–2 Proclus 23–5 property 94, 101 prophecy 153–5, 228, 299 propositions 126, 132–4, 299–300 providence 22 punishment, eternal 13 –14 purpose 263 quality 209–10 quantity 209 quiddity 190 quodlibets 66 quotation marks 117 Radulphus Brito 142 Raphael 114 razor, Ockham’s 207 realism 150–3 reason, inferior vs superior 219 receptive intellect 230, 236 recollection 117 reincarnation 253 333