xii List of Illustrations Album leaf: Pomegranate (ink and color on silk, China, ca 1200–1340) Virgin and Child with Saints Louis of Toulouse and Michael by Lucca di Tomme (tempera on panel, Italy, before 1362) Tile (stone-paste painted overglaze with luster, China, Seljuk Dynasty, 13th century) Ceramic ewer (Iran, ca 1200–1230) Rahu, lord of the planets (gilt copper alloy inlaid with colored glass ornaments, Tibet, ca 1400) Zodiac sign of Aries the Ram (Italy, 1473) Astrolabic quadrant (Damascus, Syria, 1333–34) Sandstone frieze from the first cathedral at Faras (Sudan, seventh century) Carved stone inscription of Jalal al-Din Khwarazm-Shah, marking a military campaign (Tabriz, Iran, 1230) Cupboard door (wood, carved ivory, and marquetry; Egypt, second half of the 13th century) Wall relief (carved limestone with pigment, Maya culture, Mexico, ca 750–850) Fragment of a wall with a relief bodhisattva (Tang Dynasty, China, ca 618–907) Stone doorway with the arms of the counts of Chazay (France, ca 1450–1500) Foundation stone (carved marble with traces of paint and gilding, Islamic Egypt, 15th century) Pottery plate with a deer glyph (Cholula, Mexico, ca 1200–1521) Calendar showing the month of November, with saints’ days (France, 1495–1505) A candle clock from a copy of al-Jazari’s treatise on automata (opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper; Syria, 14th century) 97 102 107 109 116 118 121 129 138 143 146 148 150 153 160 164 167 Children playing in a garden (color on silk, China, possibly Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644) A musical toy from a copy of al-Jazari’s treatise on automata (opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper; Syria, 14th century) Jade figure of an eagle warrior (Aztec, Mexico, ca 1325–1521) Standing female divinity (Angkorian Period, Cambodia, 12th century) Charter of King John, May 9, 1215 Fujiyama from Okitsu, by Yoshida Hiroshi (woodblock print, Japan, 1928) Clothing patch (leather, cloth, gilt, and paint; Egypt, ca 250–650) Four-cornered hat (camelid fiber, Peru, ca 600–850) Oval buckle with dragon (jade or soapstone, China, ca 1279–1368) Leather shoe and model for a foot (Britain, late 14th century) Man’s cape (silk velvet on a gold brocade ground, Italy, ca 1480) Kumari vest (multicolor silk embroidery in brick and chain stitch on yellow silk damask; Nepal, 15th century) African elephant ivory waste from a British workshop (15th century) Female standing figure (slip-painted ceramic, Huastec culture, Mexico, ca 100–600) Ivory throne leg (Eastern Ganga Dynasty; Orissa, India; 13th century) Funerary sculpture of a double-courtyard residential compound (molded earthenware with green glaze, middle Ming Dynasty, China, ca 1450–1550) Cattle jaw (Britain, late 10th century) 174 178 188 196 202 224 241 243 245 247 248 250 252 255 257 259 260