CONTENTS Map Introduction Philosophy and Faith: Augustine to Maimonides Augustine on History Augustine’s Two Cities The Consolations of Boethius The Greek Philosophy of Late Antiquity Philosophy in the Carolingian Empire Muslim and Jewish Philosophers Avicenna and his Successors Anselm of Canterbury Abelard Averroes Maimonides The Schoolmen: From the Twelfth Century to the Renaissance Robert Grosseteste and Albert the Great St Bonaventure Thomas Aquinas The Afterlife of Aquinas Siger of Brabant and Roger Bacon Duns Scotus William Ockham The Reception of Ockham The Oxford Calculators John Wyclif Beyond Paris and Oxford Renaissance Platonism Renaissance Aristotelianism x xi 16 23 29 33 37 40 44 48 50 54 57 60 63 74 79 82 89 95 97 99 102 105 111