T^p c h i C d n g s d n iiiuc uen - jsjiui iiKiiicm PHAT HUY LOI THE, DUA NHOM CANG BIEN DONG NAM BO TRO THANH TRUNG TAM DICH VU KINH TE BIEN CUA CA Niroc TRirONG Dtrc THUAN* - PH^M QUANG GIAP** Nhom cdng biin Bong Nam Bp (nhom cdng bien so 5) co vai tro dac biit quan trpng viec thuc ddy phdt triin kinh ti - xd hpi cua vitng Bong Nam Bp vd cd nu&c, b&i nhieu ndm qua nhip dp tdng tru&ng hdng hoa nai ddy luon dung top Mu cd nu&c Tuy nhiin tru&c xu thi m&i, ldm thi ndo M nhom cdng biin ndy phdt huy hffn nua tiim ndng, lad thi cua minh Id cdu hoi l&n vdcdn nhieng gidi phdp thiit thiec Vai trd cua cang bi§n va nhung chu tru-ffng dung din da Quyit dinh sd 2I90/QD-TTg ve pha duydt quy hoach phat hien he thdng cang hien Theo thing ke ciia Vien Kinh tl Viet Nam, Viet Nam din nam 2020, dinh hudng din hi^n tren thi gidi, 80% khdi lugng hang 2030 vdi nhdm cang biln Theo tmh than hda trao ddi thucmg mai giiia cac qudc gia la dd, quan dilm phat triln dugc neu ro la: Tan nganh v3n tai bien dam nhan Cdn d nudc dung tdi da Igi thi vl vi tri dia ly va dieu kien ta, vdi 90% lugng hang hda xuit, nhap khau tu nhien dl phat triln toan dien he thdng cang hang nam dugc thdng qua he thdng cang biln, dot pha di thing vao hien dai, nhanh bi§n; mdi cum cang timg vung mien dam chong hpi nhap vcd cac nudc tien tiln nhan chuyen chd hang hda, trao ddi thuong khu vuc vl ITnh vuc cang biln nhim gdp phan mai cho ca mdt vimg kmh tl Chinh vi Ie do, thuc hien muc tieu ciia Chiln lupc Biln Viet chi can nhin su tip nap hay diu hiu ciia he Nam din nam 2020, timg budc dua kinh te thdng cang biln vdi kho bai, hang hda xuit hang hai trd mui nhpn hang dau nhap khau se "bat mach" dugc "nhip thd" ITnh vuc kinh tl biln, ddng thdi gdp phan kinh t^ cua qudc gia Cac chuyen gia kinh cung cd an ninh, qudc phdng cua dat nudc, t6 cho rang, ddi voi mdt nudc cd tilm nang Din 27-12-2017, Bd Giao thdng van tai ve bien thi chi can nhin vao he thdng cang ban hanh Quyit dinh sd 3655/QD-BGTyT biln se bilt dugc "siic khde" ciia nin kmh tl vl "Phe duyet quy hoach chi tilt cang bien nudc dd "manh hay ylu" Viet Nam la mdt qudc gia cd tilm nang va lgi the vl biln, dk tilp tuc phat huy thi manh nay, 24-12-2009, Thii tudng Chinh phu * Tap chi Cgng san ** ThS, T6ng cong ty ] dam an loan hang hai Mign Nam So 938 (thang nam 2020) 91 Thuc tien - Kinh nghiem Ddng Nam Bd (Nhdm 5) giai doan 2020, dinh hudng den nam 2030" Trong nhdm cang bien, nhdm cang bien Dong Nam Bd (Nhdm 5) gdm cd: Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Ddng Nai, Binh Duong cung cac cang tren sdng Soai Rap thudc hai tinh Long An va Tien Giang Dac biet, 22-10-2018, Hdi nghi lin thii tam Ban Chap hanh Trung uong khda XII da ban hanh Nghi quyet ve Chien luge phat trien ben viing kinh te bien VietNam den nam 2030, tam nhin den nam 2045 (Nghi quyit sd 36-NQ/TW), dd dinh hudng: Vimg biSn va ven bien Ddng Nam Bd (Ba Ria Viing Tau - Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh) phat trien cang bien cong-ten-no qudc te, dich vu hau can cang bien, dich vu bao dam an toan hang hai, cdng nghiep khai thac, che bien dau khi, cdng nghiep hd trg va cac dich vu nganh dau Hudng tdi xay dung cang bien Ddng Nam Bd phat trien cang cua ngo qudc te, cang dau mdi khu vuc hien dai nham thu hiit mgt phan lugng hang hda trung chuyen khu vuc, dap iing xu the phat trien ciia nganh van tai bien Viet Nam va the gidi T«p chf C6ng ' tin din tten 100.000 tin, tau chd hang cdngten-no cd trgng tai tucmg duong tir 10.000 tan din fren 100.000 tin, tau chuyen dimg chd diu thd din 300.000 tin, tau chd san pham diu cdfrpngtai hi 10.000 tin din 50.000 tan, tau khach cd siic chd din 6.000 hanh khach; ddi vdi hanh khach du lich dudng bien qua cang, du kiln dat: tir 187,4 din 271,_1 nghin lugt khach vao nam 2020; tir 307,4 den 705,8 nghin lugt khach vao nam 2030 Cd vai ttd quan frgng nhit nhdm cang biln fren pham vi ca nudc, hang nam, nhdm cang biln Ddng Nam Bd dam nhan khoang 45% tdng khdi lugng hang hda va trSn 60% lugng cdng-ten-no thdng qua hS thdng cang biln Viet Nam Trong nhdm cang bien Ddng Nam Bd, cum cang khu vuc Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh va cum cang tmh Ba Ria - Viing Tau cd vai trd quan trgng nhit Nhihig qua dang khich le Trong nhiing nam gan day, he thdng cang biln Ddng Nam Bd da timg buoc dugc diu tu, phat triln ddng bd, hien dai dS hdi nhap vdi cac nudc tien tien ttong khu vuc ve ITnh vuc cang bien, gdp phan thuc hien muc tieu Theo quy hoach, cang bien Ddng Nam cua Chiln luge biln Viet Nam din nam 2020, Bg se bao dam thdng quan lupng hang hda dua kinh tl hang haifrdthanh miii nhpn hang tai cac thdi diem nhu sau: Vao nam 2020 diu ttong nam linh vuc kinh te bien, ciing dat khoang tir 238 den 247,8 trieu tin; nam nhu gdp phin ciing cd an ninh, qudc phdng 2025 khoang tir 294,1 din 316,4frieutin va ciia dat nudc Theo thdng ke, cang bien Ddng Nam Bp din nam 2030 dat khoang tir 358,5 din 411,5 trieu tan Trong dd, rieng hang cdng-ten-no: da so diu la cang chuyen dung, vay dilm Vao nam 2020 dat hi 9,72 din 10,54 trieu ndi bat thoi gian qua la, cimg vdi viec di ddi, TEU; nam 2025 dat tir 13,23 din 14,99 frieu xay dung cac cang, thi tang kit ndi, nhu TEU (siic chiia cdng-ten-no); nam 2030 dat dudng bd, dudng thuy ndi dia, dudng sit, hr 17,41 din 20,45 trieu TEU; kha nang tilp ludng hang hai dugc quan tam diu tu ban nhan dugc cac tau van tai bien nhu sau: Tau Nam 2014 san lugng hang thdng qua nhdm bach hda, tau hang rdi cdfrpngtai td 10.000 cang biln so dat 162 trieu tan, tang 14% 92 S6 938 (thang nam 2020) Tpp chi Cdng s d n (chilm 44%), rieng khu virc Thanh phd Hd Chi Mmh dat 4,98 frieu TEU, tang 14,8%; khu vuc Cai Mep - Thi Vai, sau thdi gian triln khai dl an "Nang cao hieu qua khai thac Nhdm cang biln sd 5" da cd chuyen bien tich cyc, lugng hang hda thdng qua khu vuc Ba Ria - Viing Tau nam 2014 dat 59,3 trieu tin, tang hon 20% so vdi nam 2013, ttong dd rieng hang cdng-ten-no dat 1,15 ttieu TEU, tang 27,0% Tir nam 2011, cang Ddng Nai da dua dich vu khai thac cdng-ten-no vao hoat ddng vdi nhieu frang thiet bi hien dai, nen san lugng hang cdng-ten-no tang 66% so vdi cung ky nhimg nam tnrdc, la mgt ttong nhiing ddng lire lam cho tdng san lugng xdp dd hang hda nam 2011 den nam 2013 qua cang Ddng Nai dat gan 9,5 trieu tin Vira qua, sau di ddi toan bd he thong quy md cang npi dd cua Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, den Nhdm cang bien sd da dugc dau tu phat trien theo md hinh hien dai, la dau mdi khu vuc va qudc te frong frung chuyen hang hda, hien sd ben cang da dua vao khai thac dat 74/151 bin vci chilu dai 23,8km va dien tich hg ting fren 1.200ha/2.779ha theo quy hoach Vdi viec dau tu va dua vao sir dung nhieu cdng trinh ting giao thdng frgng diem, nhu Tan C^g - Hiep Phuoc, du an ngo vet ludng Soai Rap giai doan hoan thanh, dua vao khai thac tir nam 2014 da gdp phan nang san lupng hang hda thdng qua cac cang tren ludng Soai Rap Hay bin cang Cai Mep Thi Vai (Ba Ria - Vung Tau) diu tu hien dgi de tiep nhgn cac tau c6ng-ten-na ldn nhSt hien nay, gdp phan dua cang bien Viet Namfrdthanh mat xich ttong chudi hang hai toan cau Tai hgi nghi thudng niSn vao thang 10-2019, Hiep hdi Cang biln Viet Nam (VPA) cho bilt: Trong lugng hang hda thdng qua cac cang d khu vuc miln Bac va ddng bing sdng Ciiu Long giam thi lugng hang thdng qua nhdm cang biln Ddng Nam Bd lai tang cao Rieng hang cdng-ten-no qua cang Cai Mep - Thi Vai tang 21% frong nam 2018, tang 26% thang ciia nam 2019 Ciing theo VPA cang hang khdng qudc te Long Thanh hinh va ket noi vdi cum cang Cai Mep Thi Vai thi khu vuc se trd trung tam hang hai, hang khdng tam cd qudc tl Tir nam 2010 den nay, san lupng hang hda thdng quan tgi cang bien Ddng Nam Bd tang vao hang nhanh nhat chau A Vdi nhirng ket qua dat dugc cd the thay rang, viec quy hogch nang cao nang luc nhdm cang bien sd da timg budc phat huy, mang lai hieu qua thiet thuc Nhfrng bSt cap can som thao go* Ben cgnh nhiing tuu dat dugc, xet ve tilm nang, nhdm cang bien Ddng Nam Bd van nhilu bit cap, ban che, dd la: He thdng ting ky thugt ngoai cang, nhat la he thdng duong bp kit ndi va dich vu logistic (giao nhan van chuyin hang hda, dich vu hai quan, kho van va phan phdi hang hda, ) chua ddng bp, "cangfreo"vi dudng ket ndi kem hogc xe chuyin tai khdng the tilp can; thilu cang can, diu mdi tilp nhan d nhiing cang ldn nhu Cai Mep - Thi Vai, Hiep Phudc, Do kit ndi ting giao thdng cdn yeu, thilu giai phap vT md dl dilu tilt hieu qua, nen hang hda van tap trung rit nhilu tgi cang biln Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh, nhit la d cang Cat Lai cang qua tai gay un tic giao thdng nghiem frgng, ttong cac cang cdng-ten-no khac chi khai thac 5%-21% cdng suit S6 938 (thang nam 2020) 93 Thu'c tien - Kinh nghiem Theo thong ice, cang Cai Mep - Thi Vai di vao hoat dong tir 2009 den nay, da thu nop ngan sach Nha niroc dat tren 90.000 ty dong, trung binh mot nam nop 12.000 ty dong Trong Idii do, tdng v6n dau tu xay dung cang Cai Mep - Thi Vai chi 84.000 ty ddng, v6n nha nuoc khoang 5.700 ty dong Va, doanh thu 16n nhimg cong suat khai thac cum cang Cai Mep - Thi Vai moi dat 40%, Ichi day la mpt 19 cang nuoc sau Ion nhit th6 gioi, la cang trung chuyen khu vuc, CO thS don nhiing tau tai 1cm, cong suat van chuyen khoang 18.000 cdngten-no 20 feet, qua canh den tit ca cac quoc gia tren th^ gioi Nhu vay, nghich ly a cho, nhom cang bien co dong gop kha Ion cho ngan sach nhung viec phSn bo nguon luc 6i nang cip chua tuong xung nen chua thd CO he thdng giao thdng ket ndi Hay mot nguyen nhan quan khac la "dieu phdi ludng hang hda khu vuc bi han chi, mang tinh cue bd", dan den viec noi "doi" hang nhung noi lai khdng giai phong hang kip dan den ach tac, nen nhieu cang d khu vuc hoat dpng chua het cdng suit Trong do, chi phi logistic cao, dang lam giam sue canh tranh cua hang Viet Nam, la chua kd nhQng boat ddng cua cac cang bidn khu vuc Cat Ldi, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, dang tao ap luc rat ldn len he thdng giao thdng ciia Thanh phd Dieu dang noi nira la, su phoi hop giua cac dia phuang trien khai mpt sd du an cling chua tdt, nhat la van de bao ve mdi truofng, phan ludng van tai; cdng tac giai phdng mat bang, di ddi, nhitng bat cap qua thuc hien quy hoach; dau tu' thieu ddng bo, vdn dau tu cho tang cang bien va tang ket ndi cang dang gap rat nhieu khd ichan, chua cd 94 S6 938 (thang nam 2020) Tpp€h(C*»Bf^ md hinh quan ly cang hpp ly; viec tao nguon vdn tir chuydn ddi cdng nang cang cu de tu kit ciu ting cang mdi ciing cdn cham tri, gay khd khan cho muc tieu chung Nhimg bit cap tren day da lam cho he thdng nhdm cang biln Ddng Naffl Bd thidu cac didu kien bao dam hoat ddng khai thac thuan Id, khd thu hiit ludng hang hda vjn tai qudc td chuydn, anh hudng tdi hieu qua kinh td cua cac du an ciing nhu phat tridn muc tieu quy hoach chi tilt toan bd cum cang khu vuc can thirc hien dfing b6 cac giai phap Nhdm cang biln Ddng Nam Bd dMang khai thac tuyln van tai di thing chSu Au ya hai bd Ddng va Tay ciia nudc My, tao tidn dl thu hut hang hoa trung chuyen tai Vi?t Nam ndi chung, la ddng luc thiic day phat tridn kinh tl - xa hdi cua viing kinh te ddng luc Ddng Nam Bd ndi rieng NhSm gdp phin thuc hien tdt Chiln lugrc phat ttien bdn viing kinh tl biln Viet Nam ddn nam 2030, tim nhin din nam 2045 ma NgW quyit sd 36-NQArW cua Ban Chip hanh Trung ucmg Dang khda XII dl ra, ttong thdi gian tdd cac bd, nganh va dia phuong nSm ttong nhom cang biln Ddng Nam Bd cd the luu y ddn nhttng giai phap ddng bd sau: Mot Id, cac dia phuong cin soat lai cac du an tren tieu chi bao dam tinh kha thi, xay dung dl an md hinh quan ly cang; huy ddng moi ngudn luc ttong va ngoai nuac dl phat nidn cang biln; diy manh xa hdi hda viec diu tu phat ttiln kit ciu ting cang biln, khdng chi ddi vdi ciu bin cang ma ca ting cdng cdng kit ndi vai cang bien, nhu ludng tau, dd ngan song, chin cat, he thdng dudng giao thdng, h? thing dien nudc ndi cang Tap