63S INDEX earth materials (continued) kimberlite indicator minerals 3:22, 3:23f, 3:24f magmatic system 3:25If mantle sampling technique 1:398 megacrysts 3:255 mineralogy 3:256* mining techniques 3:257, 3:258f phlogopite 3:550 prospecting methods 3:256 radiometric dating 3:250, 3:252/", 3:253f Russia 4:473 temperature ranges 3:254-255, 3:255f upper mantle associations 3:255, 3:257f weathering processes 5:588 xenoliths 3:252, 3:254f, 3:255f lamproites 3:257, 3:259f metamorphic rocks aggregates 1:35 classification 3:386-402, 4:453* anomalies 4:455 differentiation techniques 4:453, 4:454f formation processes 4:4S2f general discussion 4:453 naming procedures 3:389f, 3:390 nomenclature 3:386, 3:387t structural terminology 3:390* densities 5:32If feldspars 3:537 formation processes duration 3:392 fluids 3:392 general discussion 3:391 geothermal gradient 3:392f Gibbs free energy 3:393, 3:393f local metamorphism 3:393 mineral structures 3:394, 3:395f physicochemical reactions 3:393, 3:393f, 3:394f pressure 3:392 pressure-temperature diagram 3:393^ regional metamorphism 3:392-393 temperature 3:391 gemstones emeralds 3:12 general discussion 3:12 rubies 3:12 sapphires 3:12 gneiss Acasta Gneisses, Canada 1:427-429, 4:10f,4:13f,4:15f, 4:350 definition 3:387, 3:388t geotechnical properties 1:545*, 3:102* granitic gneiss 3:599 Narryer Gneiss Complex, Australia 3:607/, 3:607-608 regional metamorphism 3:396f mafic rocks 3:394-396, 3:396f marls 3:396, 3:396f micas 3:550 mineral assemblages carbonates 3:396, 3:396f, 3:399, 3:400f mafic rocks 3:397, 3:398f marls 3:396, 3:396/", 3:401, 3:401 f pelitic protoliths 3:396, 3:396f, 3:398, 3:400f quartzofeldspathic rocks 3:397, 3:399f ultramafic rocks 3:396, 3:397f mineral deposits 3:496 New Zealand 4:4f, 4:6 nomenclature classification 3:386 definitions 3:387t main specific rock name 3:386, 3:387* minor specific rock name 3:386, 3:388t naming procedures 3:389f, 3:390 structural root names 3:387, 3:388t structural terminology 3:390* northern Cordillera 4:43 pelitic protoliths 3:396, 3:396f plagioclase 3:538, 3:539f pressure-temperature-time (PTt) paths 3:409-417 age determination 3:416 anticlockwise paths 3:413, 3:416, 3:416f background information 3:409 basic principles 3:409, 3:410f clockwise paths 3:413, 3:416, 3:416f contact metamorphism 3:406, 3:414, 3:41Sf controlling factors 3:410 crustal thickening 3:412, 3:413f, 3:414f exhumation rates 3:409-410, 3:413, 3:416, 3:416f general discussion 3:417 Gibbs free energy 3:393, 3:393f as interpretative tool 3:416, 3:416f schematic diagram 3:415f stable geotherm 3:411, 3:411 f, 3:415 f temperature-depth diagram 3:412, 3:412f protoliths 3:394, 3:396f quartzofeldspathic rocks 3:396,3:396f quartz (SiO2) 3:571 schist 1:545*, 3:102*, 3:387, 3:388t shock metamorphism 5:179-184 controversies 5:182 damage effects 5:182f hydrocode calculations 5:181 impact craters 5:179, 5:182f impact structures 3:280 melting 5:180*, 5:183t peak pressure magnitudes 5:1 SO*, 5:183 planar deformation features 5:183* shock metamorphic effects 5:182, 5:183* shock wave propagation 5:180 vaporization 5:180* silicate minerals 3:561-567 site classification 2:3* slate 1:545*, 3:102*, 3:387*, 3:396f ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks 5:533-540 Alps 5:536f, 5:537 background information 5:533 Bohemian Massif 5:535-536, 5:536f, 5:538, 5:539 coesite 5:533, 5:533/, 5:534f continent-continent collisions 5:539 Dabie Shan, China 5:533, 5:535-536, 5:536f, 5:537 exsolution effects 5:535f, 5:535-536 formation mechanisms 5:538, 5:539f global distribution 5:536, 5:536f Himalayan Mountains 5:536^, 5:538,5:539 identification process 5:533 Kokchetav Massif, Kazakhstan 5:533, 5:535-536, 5:536f, 5:537, 5:539 metamorphic facies 3:405, 3:406f mineral assemblages 5:533 Norwegian Caledonides 5:53 6/", 5:537 polyphase aggregates 5:538f pressure-temperature diagram 5:533/; 5:539^ Variscides Orogeny 5:538 ultramafic rocks 3:394, 3:396, 3:396/i 3:397f zeolites 3:598 zircon 3:602 native elements 3:553-555 allotropes 3:553*, 3:554 gaseous elements 3:553 liquid elements 3:553 occurrences 3:553, 3:553* solid metal occurrences 3:553 solid non-metal occurrences 3:554 rock classification 4:452-455 basement 4:453, 4:455 differentiation techniques 4:453, 4:454f igneous rocks 4:453* anomalies 4:454 differentiation techniques 4:453, 4:454f formation processes 4:452f general discussion 4:452 lava flows 4:454 metamorphic rocks 4:453 * anomalies 4:455 differentiation techniques 4:453, 4:454f formation processes 4:452f general discussion 4:453 sedimentary rocks 4:453* anomalies 4:454