Widerstandsnest weapon as well, especially against a dug-in enemy or enemy armored vehicles Axis powers had less access to these types of incendiary shells, but did deploy some WHITE ROSE See resistance (German) WIDERSTANDSNEST A fortified German strongpoint Developed out of the experience with defensive trench warfare on the Western Front during the Great War, Widerstandsnester in World War II were often based on 88 mm guns or still lighter artillery deployed as fixed anti-tank guns Housed within concrete encasements, anti-tank guns were supported by machine gun teams, regular infantry, and fire-control artillery Together, these weapons provided a “nest” of concentrated firepower anchoring a defensive line Widerstandsnester were strung all along the Atlantic Wall Those in Normandy infl icted many casualties on enemy troops on D-Day (June 6, 1944) WILDE SAU “wild boar.” A late-war Luftwaffe night-fighter tactic In “wild boar” defense, German night fighters were no longer tied to ground controllers as under the Kammhuber Line system Instead, they were freed to overfly entire targeted zones where Flak was kept limited, intercepting the bomber stream on their own initiative From a tactical experiment in July 1943, “Wilde Sau” and its offspring, Zahme Sau, grew into the core Luftwaffe night-fighting tactics of the last two years of the war WILNO See Vilnius WILSON, MAITLAND (1881–1964) British field marshal In 1939 he commanded British forces in Egypt, fighting against the Italian Army in the desert in 1940 He led Allied forces in the Balkan campaign (1940–1941), before retreating to Egypt He led the British intervention in Iraq in 1941 and in support of the Free French campaign in Syria He was denied command of British 8th Army, remaining in the Levant instead In August 1942, he was given charge of PAIforce He was finally made commander in chief of the Middle East after the main fighting was done and the command was much reduced Still, he sent his limited forces into action in the Dodecanese campaign He was involved with the campaigns in Sicily, Italy, and the DRAGOON landings in the south of France He left for Washington in December 1944, to represent Great Britain on the Combined Chiefs of Staff WINDOW Drums of metallic foil (aluminum strips) dropped by bombers to confuse enemy radars “Window” was the British term Americans called it “chaff.” Germans called it “Dupple.” 1184