Hendaye Protocol and mountain conditions the Sikorsky YR-4Bs could carry only one passenger A handful of rescue operations were carried out by five small helicopters sent to China in 1945; more were made in central Luzon during the second Philippines campaign (1944–1945), where at least 70 men were evacuated by medical helicopter From 1944 helicopters were also used in air–sea rescue operations by the U.S Coast Guard The next year, some flew from the decks of deep sea rescue ships in the Pacific The Germans introduced a Focke-Achgelis or Fa330 helicopter to their U-boats in mid-1943 This compact, wind-powered machine was tethered to the U-boat while lifting an observer to 500 feet In the event an enemy escort or aircraft appeared, the tether was invariably cut Germany and Great Britain each might have done more with helicopters, but the Germans started too late while the British lacked spare resources HENDAYE PROTOCOL A secret understanding of effective but informal Spanish–German alliance, including a commitment by Spain to enter the war against the Western Allies at some future unspecified date It was agreed to following the only meeting between Francisco Franco and Adolf Hitler, at Hendaye on the Spanish border on October 23, 1940 Spain never lived up to its ultimate terms, remaining neutral to the end of the war HENDERSON FIELD See Cactus Air Force; Guadalcanal HENLEIN, KONRAD (1898–1945) See Sudetenland HERCULES Code name for a proposed German invasion and occupation of Malta, preparatory to an effort to link General Erwin Rommel’s invasion of Egypt with German operations in southern Russia and the Caucasus It was canceled in favor of a concerted drive on Egypt by Rommel See also desert campaigns (1940–1943) HERO CITIES On May 1, 1945, four Soviet cities were declared “hero cities” for defensive stands made there during awful wartime sieges: Leningrad, Odessa, Sevastopol, and Stalingrad HERON See BLAU; FISCHREIHER HERRENVOLK “Higher people” or “master race.” In spurious Nazi Party race theory, the Aryan people were considered racially and culturally superior to Jews, Slavs, and other so-called Untermenschen “Master race” thinking was common in 500