Z ZAGRADOTRYADY See blocking detachments ZAHME SAU “tame boar.” A late-war Luftwaffe night-fighter tactic In “tame boar” defense, whole Zerstörergruppen were no longer tied to ground controllers as they had been when deployed under the Kammhuber Line system Instead, fighters were freed to intercept the bomber stream before the first bomber arrived over an urban target Zerstörer then landed to refuel and rearm while the target was bombed, then rose to attack enemy bombers as they turned for the return leg of their round trip Zahme Sau began as a tactical experiment at the end of 1943 Along with its city-based progenitor, Wilde Sau, it grew into the core Luftwaffe night-fighting tactic over the last 18 months of the war See also Berlin bomber offensive (1943–1944) ZAIBATSU Great industrial, banking, and managerial cartels in Japan, semifeudal and family-based in organization They were nearly independent of the government and even of the Japanese Army and Navy They emerged during the Meiji period and quickly grew to dominate Japan’s economic life and modernization Among the most important were Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Nissan, Sumitomo, and Yasuda Other zaibatsu included Asano, Furukawa, Kawasaki, Kuhara, Okura, and Shibusawa They were not popular among young radical officers of the Guandong Army and, therefore, did not play a leading role in early economic development and exploitation of Manchuria Instead, the North China Army resorted to revival of the old heroin and opium trades to finance empire in “Manchukuo.” During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), zaibatsu were an