Tukhachevsky, Mikhail (1893–1937) He commanded U.S 5th Army in Italy from September 1944 He led 5th Army in support of British 8th Army in the drive on Bologna and the last hard fight in Italy, over the Argenta Gap in April 1945 TUKHACHEVSKY, MIKHAIL (1893–1937) Marshal of the Soviet Union During the 1930s he developed an advanced theory of armored warfare that anticipated the German Blitzkrieg by massing artillery and aerial firepower with the mobility offered by large tank formations He was arrested by the NKVD in June 1937, along with senior aides and many top Red Army commanders Brought to trial before a purge court on the orders of Joseph Stalin and on trumped-up charges of conspiracy and treason, Tukhachevsky and many others were executed That began a great and debilitating purge of the Red Army that was part of the Yezhovshchina TULAGI See Guadalcanal campaign TUNDRA ARMY See Alaska TUNISIA In 1939 the French protectorate of Tunisia declared its full support for France, and small numbers of Tunisian Tirailleurs fought under French command in Europe and Africa in 1940 When Italy declared war on France on June 10, 1940, French colonial troops briefly attacked into neighboring Tripoli from Tunisia The defeat of France and armistice two weeks later forced them back out Habib Bourguiba (1903–2000) formed a nationalist government in 1942, breaking with the Vichy governor All nationalist and colonial argument was suspended by a German military takeover of Tunisia pursuant to the TORCH landings in Algeria by the Western Allies in November 1942 There followed heavy fighting in Tunisia during the first four months of 1943, until two German armies surrendered in May After that, the Western Allies used Tunisia as a base for air operations and invasions of Sicily and Italy TUNISIAN CAMPAIGN (1942–1943) See TORCH TURKEY The Ottoman Empire was one of the Central Powers that fought in alliance with Imperial Germany during World War I Kemal Mustapha, or Atatürk, led a postwar national and secularist revolution that remade Turkey He also led it in a regional war against Greece, repelling an ill-advised Greek invasion of Anatolia from 1921 to 1922 Ismet Inönü succeeded Atatürk, entrenching policies of secularization and modernization Inönü expressed sympathy for the Western powers in private during World War II but declined to bring Turkey into the war, 1098