GAU GARIBALDI DIVISION See Italian Army GAS WEAPONS See Abyssinian War (1935–1936); Badoglio, Pietro; Bari Raid; chemical warfare; chemical weapons; Churchill, Winston; Geneva Protocol; Kerch defensive operation; Mussolini, Benito; prisoners of war; Rapallo, Treaty of; Tripoli GAU See Gauleiter GAU “Glavnoye Artilleriyskoye Upravlenie” (“Main Artillery Directorate”) The central coordinating body of Red Army artillery and armaments manufacture It oversaw design, production, and supply of artillery tubes and ammunition as well as small arms and rockets, both ground-based and mounted on aircraft It was commanded during the war by General N D Yakovlev GAULEITER “District Leader.” A regional chief of the Nazi Party who headed an administrative district called a “Gau.” For an example, see Generalgouvernement GAZALA, BATTLE OF (MAY 26–JUNE 17, 1942) See desert campaigns (1940–1943); Gazala Line GAZALA LINE British desert defense position about 30 miles west of Tobruk It was formed by loosely connected “boxes” of infantry and minefields supported by dispersed armor After stopping General Erwin Rommel’s initial assault on Tobruk the British dug in along the Gazala Line in February 1942 The box defense around Gazala was broken by the Germans in May, after which British 8th Army fell back to Mersa Matruh See also desert campaigns (1940–1943) GEE First operationally tested in August 1941, this RAF navigation aid was named for the first letter in “grid.” It used a “master” ground station and two “slave” stations to send out a web of radio beams over Germany Bombers received GEE’s signal passively, following the grid until they located their target for that night Only a plane equipped with a GEE receiver could make sense of the radio grid the system produced The Germans did not discover that the RAF was using GEE until 1942, and did not understand or effectively jam it until early 1943 That was well after the time the RAF originally anticipated GEE should have been found out by the Luftwaffe and rendered useless With new countermeasures against effective jamming, GEE was used by the RAF and USAAF in combination with other 424