Bombers ZEPPELIN, FORTITUDE North, and FORTITUDE South These helped ensure total surprise for Western Allied forces that landed in Normandy on D-Day ( June 6, 1944), and further delayed German reinforcements for weeks after that as Adolf Hitler remained persuaded the main attack would come at the Pas de Calais BOFORS See anti-aircraft guns; pom-pom BOGEY Or “bogie.” Western Allied tag for any unidentified aircraft picked up at a distance on radar or by the naked eye If subsequently identified as an enemy plane the designation swiftly changed to bandit BOHEMIA-MORAVIA A protectorate set up by the Nazis during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1945 The territories reverted to Czechoslovakia after the war BOHR, NIELS (1885–1962) See nuclear weapons programs BOLERO Code name for the build-up of U.S forces in Great Britain pending the invasion of France BOLIVIA This isolated South American country declared war on the Axis states in April 1942, under great pressure from the United States A pro-Nazi military coup briefly threatened to reverse course in 1944, but Axis-leaning members of the junta were quickly purged to placate Washington Bolivia made no significant military contribution to the Allied war effort BOMBARDIER American term for the bomber crew position the British called “bomb-aimer.” The latter did not appear in RAF bombers until 1942, before which bomb aiming was the job of the navigator BOMBER COMMAND See Royal Air Force (RAF) See also airborne; area bombing; Combined Bomber Offensive; Harris, Arthur; morale bombing; Portal, Charles; strategic bombing; thousand plane raids BOMBERS The Red Army Air Force (VVS) built four and six-engine experimental bombers in the 1930s Otherwise, “heavy” bombers on all sides at the start of the war were mostly two-engine models with a relatively small payload, rarely exceeding 5,000 lbs Two-engine models were reclassified as medium bombers once 175