Corsica including 4,300 fatalities Its battlefield performance was better than is often reported, but wider lessons of its experience with poor equipment and doctrine were not learned by the Italian Army CORPO ITALIANO DI LIBERAZIONE See Italian Army CORPORATISM The vague ideology of Italian fascism that viewed society as an organic whole with mutually reinforcing, functional parts called “syndicates” or “corporates.” These comprised obligatory combines of labor and capital, ostensibly fairly mediated by the state Corporatism mainly reinforced Benito Mussolini’s personal dictatorship and the endemic corruption of his regime It had roots in Catholic social doctrine and therefore was also experimented with in Portugal under António de Oliveira Salazar and in Spain under Francisco Franco CORPS An operational unit controlling two or more divisions, numbering anywhere from 20,000 to 50,000 men at full strength Actual corps might be overstrength or understrength and have many nondivisional troops attached The Red Army eliminated the corps level of organization during the first two years of the war due to a shortage of officers caused by massive early casualties Western Allied corps tended to expand in the last year of the war, while Wehrmacht corps contracted until they hardly counted as division strength Japanese armies were two-division formations that would have been termed corps in Western Allied parlance CORREGIDOR, BATTLE OF (1942) A fortress island in the mouth of Manila Bay, across from the Bataan peninsula Corregidor was the locale of fierce fighting in the first five months of 1942 Its shore batteries held off the Japanese Navy while an American and Filipino garrison held out against the Japanese Army for several months The defense was overseen by Lt General Jonathan Wainwright, who held out for an additional month after General Douglas MacArthur was ordered to leave the Philippines The Japanese landed on the island on May The garrison—starving and with over 1,000 wounded men huddled in dank tunnels—surrendered the next day The prisoners suffered terrible abuse while in Japanese hands Survivors were liberated in March 1945 An emaciated Wainwright stood behind MacArthur during the Japanese surrender ceremony aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on September 2, 1945 See also Philippines campaign (1941–1942) CORSICA This French island was governed by Vichy from June 1940, until it was occupied by Italian forces in November 1942 Local maquis carried out small attacks against the Italians The island had no strategic importance to the Western Allies while they were bogged down in Italy during 1943 Upon the Italian 269