ACTRESSES AS WORKING WOMEN The population of London continually grew, so notwithstanding fluctuations in the economy the industry’s expansion is predictable For the most part, the West End’s theatres and music halls welcomed women and men alike, with a pricing level favouring the middle classes Nevertheless, middle-class women’s access to the full erotic life of theatres and streets in the West End was restricted by codes of propriety In the same manner that closed carriages prevented women’s blunt introduction to the squalor of thoroughfares, women were politely blinkered from contact with sordid activity inside theatres Young women were expected to attend in the company of male or older female escorts, apparently because without anyone to navigate away from the sites and situations incompatible with innocence harm would inevitably occur An accidental detour near a music hall’s licensed bar, for example, would acquaint a woman with a host of prostitutes who marked that territory as their own every bit as distinctly as prostitutes in a doorway Thus, middleclass men had access to the whole of theatres’ public areas and full mobility as pedestrians in the streets surrounding theatres whereas women did not Among the middle class, the greater freedom of mobility accorded to men—even when in formal dress—determined that they, not women, were the targets of almost all the erotic and eroticized West End culture The migration of the middle classes out of adjacent neighbourhoods such as St George Bloomsbury, St Giles, and parts of St Pancras into the deliberately pub-free and music hall-free new Victorian suburbs further away to the north resulted partly from the incompatibility of masculine leisure with family life.10 One of Charles Cornell’s songs epitomizes the syndrome: it relates the views of a man who keeps his bachelor exploits, hatred of his mother-in-law, attraction to a servant, and theatre-going habits secret from his wife: I’m a very strong admirer of the ballet and the play, But I haven’t told the missus up to now! And to watch the fairies dancing I pass may an hour away, But I haven’t told the missus up to now! When I see their graceful attitudes with love I’m burning hot, And when the angels flap their wings, they mash me on the spot, And I feel as if I’d like to go at once and kiss the lot, But I haven’t told the missus up to now!11 142