ACTRESSES AS WORKING WOMEN 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 C.H d’E.Leppington, ‘The Gibeonites of the Stage: Work and Wages Behind the Scenes’, National Review, 1891, vol 17, p 261 ‘A Chorus Lady’s Claim [Morris v Edwardes]’, Era, March 1896, p 10 Hamilton, op cit., p 44 Barbara Drake, Women in Trade Unions, 1920, reprinted London, Virago, 1984, pp 44–5 Holbrook, op cit., pp 36–7 Daisy Halling and Charles Lister, ‘A Minimum Wage for Actors’, Socialist Review, August 1908, p 443 ‘An Actress’s Breach of Promise Suit’, Era, 21 January 1893, p 10 ‘Actress’s Breach of Promise’, Era, 15 February 1893, p 14 ‘A Theatrical Breach of Promise Case’, Era, May 1893, p Hibbert, op cit., p 209 Leppington, op cit., p 261 Bird, op cit., p 94; and Clementina Black, Married Women’s Work, 1915, reprinted London, Virago, 1983, Appendix I Black, op cit., Appendix I ‘The Theatrical Business—I’, St James’s Gazette, 10 January 1885, p 6; Leppington, op cit.; and Stage, 26 October 1893, p 14 Lena Ashwell, ‘Acting as a Profession for Women’, Edith J.Morley (ed.) op cit., p 300 Based on weekly wage statistics of textile workers in the North of England in Clara Collet, Report on the Statistics of Employment of Women and Girls, pt 2, 1894, pp 972, 991, 1000; and wages of working class women and girls in a variety of industries and occupations reported in George H.Wood’s Appendix to B.L.Hutchins and A.Harrison A History of Factory Legislation, London, P.S.King, 1907, pp 261, 279 Burstyn, op cit., p 13 From annual reports of the Fund in the Stage: 17 January 1890, p 11; 29 January 1891, p 9; 28 January 1892, p 14; March 1893, p 16; 31 January 1895, p 14; 25 January 1894, p 14; and 23 January 1896, p 14 The percentage of beneficiaries is based on the 1891 published Census of England and Wales Report from the Select Committee on Theatrical Licensing and Regulations with Proceedings, Minutes of Evidence, Appendix and Index, p 56, 1866; and Letter, Daily Telegraph, 19 October 1894, p Leading article, ‘Unpaid Rehearsals’, Stage, 23 November 1883, p 12 Gardner, op cit., p ‘Chit Chat’, Stage, 10 May 1889, p Leppington, op cit., p 251 Ashwell, op cit., p 303 A.Maude Royden, Downward Paths: An Inquiry into the Causes which Contribute to the Making of the Prostitute, London, G.Bell, 1916, p 161 Halling and Lister, op cit., p 442 Bird, op cit., p 18 Edith F.Hogg, ‘School Children as Wage Earners’, Nineteenth Century, August 1897, vol 42, pp 235–44 Jerome K.Jerome, On the Stage—and Off: the Brief Career of a Would-be Actor, London, Leadenhall Press, [1885]; and ‘Theatrical Gossip’, Era, 10 August 1899, p 168