Notes 282 for Me? (New York: Vintage Books, 1983) Among the well-known AmerMary ican novels dealing with female schizophrenia and confinement are Jane Ward's The Snake Pit (1948) and Marge Piercy's Woman on the Edge of Time (1976) 23 See Manfred Sakel, Schizophrenia (New York: Philosophical Library, 1958), pp 187-236, 331 In the United States, insulin therapy, and the related metrazol therapy, became widespread in the Mental Illness and American 24 William Sargent, The Unquiet Mind (Boston: "Through 25 Cecil, the Looking Glass," The Unquiet Mind, 26 Sargent, late 1930s See Gerald Grob, 296-304 Society, pp p Brown, 1967) Little, 222 p 55 27 Hunter and Macalpine, Psychiatry for 28 Anthony the Poor, p 187 Clare, Psychiatry in Dissent (London: 1976) pp 228-29 29 Peter R Breggin, Electroshoch Tavistock Publications, , Its (New York: Brain-Disabling Effects Sprin- ger Publishing, 1979), pp 8, 126-27 At one large American state mental hospital, records showed 80 percent of ECT patients to be women (infor- mation from a study most in progress by by arguing to these figures be treated with likely to Andrew Scull) Psychiatrists respond that the majority of depressed patients, the ECT, are women Here group again, gender issues enter into diagnosis and treatment In his study of this process of psychi- residency in the United States, Donald Light suggests that while atric by administering ECT, they not acknowlunmanly and unprofessional to feel it is psychiatrists are perturbed edge their conflicts upset." When Psychiatrists American "because he himself first observed ECT, he (New York: W W case, Natalie Parker Norton, 1980), was unable to felt faint 368 In p See Becoming one celebrated resume her professional career because of the massive retrograde amnesia following a course of ECT This case was described in an essay by the medical journal- Burton Roueche, "As Empty as Eve," pp 84-100 ist 30 31 New Yorker, September 1974, See William Arnold, Shadowland (New York: Jove, 1978), pp 158-59 See Walter Freeman and James Watts, Psychosurgery (Springfield, Charles C Thomas, 1942) Dedicated to Egas Moniz, and executed a valid operation for mental disorder," that "partial separation of the frontal lobes from the "who it rest first 111.: conceived describes the way of the brain results reduction of disagreeable self-consciousness, abolition of obsessive in thinking, and satisfaction with performance, even though the performance is 32 inferior in quality" (p vii) See ibid., tables 5, 6, 7, 33 Sargent, and 8; Arnold, Shadowland, p 160 The Unquiet Mind, pp 78, 85 I Haven't Had to Go Mad Here, p 96; see also Sydney Smith, "The Treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Obsessionality," Psychosurgery and 34 Berke, Society, 1977) , ed p 29 Sydney Smith and L G Kiloh (London: Pergamon Press,