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MICHIGAN SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM Fall Conference October 12, 2019 University of Michigan Palmer Commons, 4th floor 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Participant Packet Table of Contents Presenter Instructions Schedule at a Glance Diagram of Palmer Commons, 4th Floor Program Schedule Poster Sessions and Presenters Oral Presentation Abstracts 11 Poster Presentation Abstracts 21 Presenter Instructions Speakers • • • • Talks are scheduled 10 minutes apart A 6-7 minute talk with ~3 minutes Q&A is recommended Before the conference, each speaker will be provided with a link to a Box folder in the cloud Speakers should upload their Powerpoint presentation to that folder by Friday night On the day of the conference, speakers should come to the podium before their talk to familiarize themselves with accessing their file o Presenting in Session – come to the podium during Poster Session A o Presenting in Session – come to the podium during lunch o Presenting in Session – come to the podium during Poster Session B Take the presentation PowerPoint file on a flash drive as a back-up Poster presenters • • • • • • • Posters have been assigned a specific location See the diagram in this packet to identify the location that corresponds with the number assigned to your poster Tacks will be supplied Presenters must attend the duration of the Poster Session in which they are scheduled (see Poster Sessions - Summary) Presenters in Poster Session A (morning) should have their posters up before 9:00am and taken down by 1:15pm Presenters in Poster Session B (afternoon) should put up their posters between 1:15 and 1:45pm Posters must be removed by 5:45pm Posters not removed by 5:45pm may be subject to damage or loss Schedule at a Glance 7:30 am 8:00 am 9:00 am 10:55 am 11:45 am 12:45 pm 1:50 pm 2:55 pm 3:45 pm 5:00 pm Registration open Breakfast begins Keynote Session Poster Session A Oral Presentation Session I Lunch Oral Presentation Session II Poster Session B Oral Presentation Session III Adjourn 2019 MSGC Fall Conference PROGRAM SCHEDULE Saturday, October 12, 2019 Palmer Commons, 100 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 4th Floor – Forum Hall, Great Lakes Rooms, and Atrium University of Michigan, Central Campus 7:30 Registration and poster set-up 8:00 Breakfast (Great Lakes Room) 9:00 Welcome (Forum Hall) Prof Mark Moldwin, Executive Director, MSGC 9:10 Lessons on Mission Success from the Apollo and Space Shuttle Programs Keynote Address (Forum Hall) Dr Tony England, Apollo Astronaut, Dean of the College of Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Dearborn 9:55 Aerospace, Space, and Beyond for the State of Michigan (Forum Hall) Gavin Brown, Executive Director, Michigan Aerospace Manufacturers Association 10:35 A Collaboration – Michigan Launch Initiative and the AFA-Michigan (Forum Hall) Randy Whitmire, President, Air Force Association - Michigan 10:55 Poster Session A (Great Lakes Room and Atrium 4) 11:45 Oral Presentations Session (Forum Hall) Improved Modeling of the Thermospheric Density via CubeSat Ephemeris Assimilation Daniel A Brandt|Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering|UM|Ann Arbor, Michigan A More Comprehensive Theory of Contact Binary Star Evolution Michaela Blain|Physics & Astronomy|Calvin University|Grand Rapids, Michigan Testing Contact Binary Star Evolution with the Extensive OGLE Archive Sarah Whitten|Physics and Astronomy|Calvin University|Grand Rapids, MI Charge-Sign-Dependence of Solar Modulation at the AMS, BESS and PAMELA observations of cycle 23 Ilias Cholis|Physics|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Understanding the Regions Around Supermassive Black Holes at the Centers of Galaxies Jake Miller|Physics|Wayne State University|Detroit, MI Compact Localized Augmented Work-Station (CLAWS) Riley Schnee and Cesar Mu|Computer Science Engr and Aerospace Engr.|UM|Ann Arbor, MI 12:45 Lunch (Great Lakes Room and Atrium 4) 1:50 Oral Presentations Session (Forum Hall) From STEM to STEAM: Incorporating Art into the Roger That! Symposium Karen Gipson|Brookes College|GVSU|Allendale, MI Inspiring Future STEM Teachers through Engineering the Future Academies Carley Laird|Hope College|Holland MI Physiological Responses to Upper Body Aerobic Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction Benjamin Cockfield|Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology|Michigan Technological University|Houghton, MI Intracellular Electrometer Used for Electrophysiology Experiments in Biological Neurons Lucas Essenburg|Electrical & Computer Engineering|Western Michigan University|Kalamazoo, MI Impact of Microgravity on the accumulation of DNA damage in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells Ann J Fuelle|Chemistry|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Initial Photochemical Transformation of Dissolved Free Amino Acids under Sunlit Irradiation in Water Ryan Kibler|Civil and Environmental Engineering|Michigan Technological University|Houghton, MI 2:55 Poster Session B (Great Lakes Room and Atrium 4) 3:45 Oral Presentations Session (Forum Hall) Developing a General Compton Scattering Cross-Section in Strong Magnetic Fields Meredith Bomers|Physics|Hope College|Holland, MI Setting Foot on Mars - A Big Step & Even Greater Leap for Undergraduate and Graduate Students to Achieve Joshua Gonzalez|Kinesiology|Michigan Tech University|Houghton, MI (et al.) Heavy Equipment Tracking: Estimote Beacon Implementation Trent Bekker|Mechanical Engineering|University of Michigan – Dearborn|Dearborn, MI Excavation Hardware Experimentation Amber George|Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering|UM |Ann Arbor, MI Multi-fluid MHD Modeling of Europa's Plasma Interaction: Effects of Asymmetric Density in the Neutral Atmosphere Camilla Harris|Climate and Space Sciences and Engr.|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Exploring the Geochemical Characteristics of the SW Ethiopian Flood Basalts R Alex Steiner|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University|Lansing, MI 4:50 Closing Comments 5:00 Adjourn POSTER SESSIONS AND PRESENTERS Poster Session A Investigating Multiple Stellar Populations in M13 Willem Hoogendam – Calvin University Development of a Flexible Battery Using Printed Electronic Technology on Paper Substrates JustOne Crosby – Western Michigan University Navigation & Orientation for Returning a Launched Rocket/Payload by Parafoil Oscar Schott – Calvin University Using the OGLE Archive to Understand Two Subclasses of Contact Binary Systems Lauren Henderson – Calvin University An Improved Habitability Index for Mars Exploration Brian D Wade – Michigan State University Improved Robotic Software in Unexpected Environmental Scenarios Using AI Katherine G Skocelas – Grand Valley State University Basic Comparison of High-Level Programming Languages Alexander Medema – Hope College Generalized Antoine and Wagner equations consistent with the predictions of the Soave-RedlichKwong equation of state using similarity variables Armandine Uwimana – Hope College Investigation of Pressure Effects on Plume Properties of a Low-Cost Hall Effect Thruster Thomas V Kerber – Western Michigan University 10 The Identification of Cloud Forest Landslides in Monteverde, Costa Rica, Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning Eric Leu – Hope College 11 Investigation of strontium-doped hydroxyapatite coating methods for iron oxide nanoparticles Carmen Chamberlain – Hope College 12 Effect of Bacterium Redox Activity on Current Transients in Single Bacteria–Electrode Collisions Anna Tarach – Grand Valley State University 13 Local Air Quality Data Categorization to Improve Environmental Science Education Baylee Kurzynski – Hope College 14 Energizing our World - Innovating with Renewable Energy Chelsea Ridge – Grand Valley State University 15 Oakland University MSGC Pathway to External Grants Laila Guessous – Oakland University 16 2019 STEPS Camp Sara Maas – Grand Valley State University 17 Extended Radiometric Age Signatures in Relation to Southern Patagonian Magmitism Madison Kortas – Michigan State University 18 Extreme Life: Exploring Photosynthetic and Chemosynthetic Microbial Mats in Lake Huron's Submerged Sinkholes Bopi Biddanda – Grand Valley State University 19 Understanding the Impact of Chronic Low Dose Radiation on Mental Health and Behavior in Mice Victoria Parker|Corine LaFrenier – Hope College 20 Anthropogenic Noise does not Impact Nestling Health in Eastern Bluebirds Hyeryeong Choi|Dena Baker – Calvin University 21 Demonstration of Single Ion Channel Activity in Lipid Bilayers with Temperature Control Alex Van Kooten|Brian Seper – Calvin University 22 Do bacteriophages with gene-dense genomes have a reproductive advantage? Angela Vito – Hope College 23 Temperature and Bilayer Composition Effects on Gramicidin A Ion ChannelsUn Brian Seper|Alex VanKooten – Calvin University 24 Old and Deer: A Study of Peridotites in Michigan's Upper Peninsula Rachel Merz – Eastern Michigan University 25 Cenozoic Magmatism in East Africa: A Mineral Analysis of the Lokitaung Basalts Rayn Phillips – Michigan State University 26 Geochemical and Spatial Variability at a Microscopic Scale Erika Miciuda – Michigan State University 27 Mapping Sand Dune Complexes Using Drones and Ground-Based Imagery Paul Pearson – Hope College Poster Session B Designing Self-Adaptive Algorithms for Cognitive Spacecraft Nasim Nezamoddini – Oakland University Evaluating a Virtual Reality-based Interface for Teaching Humanoids Wing-Yue G Louie – Oakland University Propulsion System Optimization for a Gas-Electric Hybrid Drone Alyssa Lalko– Oakland University Analyzing the relationship between rotation measurements obtained from radio sources and total electron content (TEC) obtained from GNSS stations in Africa Serenity Monroe – University of Michigan Mapleseed Project Jason Figueroa – University of Michigan DUST: Spaceborne Mesh Network Communications Taylor Sun – University of Michigan Simultaneous Optical and Electrical Spin-Torque Magnetometry at the GHz frequencies Mouhamad Hammami – Oakland University Quantifying the existence and preferred direction of propagation of ionospheric structures Letty Loeza – University of Michigan Search for L5 Earth Trojans with DECam Larissa Markwardt – University of Michigan 10 Featherweight Heaterless Hollow Cathode Characterization Margaret Mooney – Western Michigan University 11 Open-Source Hardware Implementation of a SpaceWire Router Kristi Stefa – Oakland University 12 Miniature Tether Electrodynamics Experiment: Propellantless Propulsion for Small Satellites Geoffrey Jenkins – University of Michigan 13 GSFC's Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Units and their Impact on Outdoor Air Quality Sheyenne Harris – University of Michigan 14 Analysis on San Francisco Fire Department Dispatch Calls and their relationship to the Elevation of the Call Source Abdulrahman Zaiter – Saginaw Valley State University 15 Reaching Students with Science at a Strategic Moment: The Appeal of Earth Science Research on Lake Michigan Dunes Katherine Benedict | Paul Duimstra – Calvin University 16 Keeping Young Math and Science Enthusiasts Hooked Feryal Alayont – Grand Valley State University 17 A 3D Physical Model to Experience how the Human Body Works First Hand Jana Hendrickson – Michigan Technological University 18 Processing of Porcine Internal Mammary Arteries for Human Bypass Graft Applications Kelsey LeMay – Michigan Technological University 19 Evaluations of Microgravity on DNA Repair Kaitlin Lowran – Oakland University 20 Prebiotic synthesis of amides in hydrothermal environments Ziming Yang – Oakland University 21 Analysis of immunity and symbiosis of the Northern Star Coral from future climate impacts Tyler E Harman – Grand Valley State University 22 Competitive interactions between native Brook Trout and introduced Brown Trout: an exploration of niche partitioning using temporal and spatial diet analyses Frederick Jack Glassen - Grand Valley State University 23 On the Brink of Extinction: An Analysis of Temperature Resistance in Staghorn coral Cassidy Rae Gilmore – Grand Valley State University, Annis Water Resources Institute 24 Geochemical Comparison of Lake Superior Dikes and Micro Mapping of Geological Thin Sections Erik Eikey – Michigan State University 25 Mountains out of Molehills: Probing the Plumbing of Incipient Volcanic Edifices Christopher Svoboda – Michigan State University 26 La Angelita Basalts: Chemical Signatures in Patagonian Melts Sydney Lauren Gable – Michigan State University 27 Exploring factors that affect the dynamics of cyanobacterial blooms in Muskegon Lake, Michigan, a model Great Lakes Estuary Jasmine Mancuso - Grand Valley State University, Annis Water Resources Institute 10 information of this Earth system will be a key component in understanding others, both within and outside of our Solar System 27 Mapping Sand Dune Complexes Using Drones and Ground-Based Imagery Paul Pearson|Mathematics|Hope College|Holland, MI Brian Yurk|Mathematics|Hope College|Holland, MI Edward Hansen|Geology and Environmental Science|Hope College|Holland, MI Suzanne DeVries-Zimmerman|Geology and Environmental Science|Hope College|Holland, MI Keri Haddrill|Hope College|Holland, MI Jacob Stid|Hope College and Michigan State University|Holland, MI and East Lansing, MI Jackson Krebsbach|Hope College|Holland, MI Ian Gorgenson|Hope College|Holland, MI Erin Brophy|Hope College|Holland, MI Kathleen Fast|Hope College|Holland, MI Kaitlyn Caltrider|Hope College|Holland, MI Rene Aerts|Hope College|Holland, MI Katharine Kay| Hope College|Holland, MI Sand dunes are dynamic environments that change rapidly as wind and vegetation act to erode and stabilize them, and high-resolution imagery can be used to track changes in them over time We collected multispectral (RGB, near-infrared, and thermal) imagery via a small unmanned aerial system ("drone") to produce high spatial resolution aerial images of the dune complex at Saugatuck Harbor Natural Area (SHNA) We analyzed this drone-acquired imagery for vegetation density using ground-based imagery on small sample plots for calibration First, the groundbased imagery was analyzed by a random forest to classify each pixel into one of six categories The resulting classifier has an estimated overall accuracy of 76.9%, while correctly classifying pixels as sand 94.1% of the time and as live vegetation 99.7% of the time Next, the same regions were identified in the drone-acquired imagery, and spectral and textural information from these images were correlated with vegetation density estimates from the classified ground-based images We also constructed a digital elevation model of SHNA from the drone-acquired imagery 34 Session B Designing Self-Adaptive Algorithms for Cognitive Spacecraft Nasim Nezamoddini|Industrial and Systems Engineering|Oakland University|Rochester Hills, MI Space exploration missions are experiencing significant signal propagation latencies due to the huge distances between spacecraft and ground controller These delays make real-time human controls infeasible, especially in time-critical situations that the spacecraft have to react appropriately to unexpected system failures and environmental changes In such situations, highlevel of autonomous capabilities help spacecraft to identify potential risks, evaluate and rank different solutions, and adapt its operations to attain mission goals and maintain system safety This research proposes a self-aware and self-adaptive meta-algorithm for controlling autonomous systems and integrating high levels of cognition with their decision-making modules The research also investigates the possibility of incorporating the proposed mechanism in space missions Given the wide range of information that can be collected from spacecraft, the proposed technique offers high flexibility to rapidly respond to unexpected changes and minimize disruptive effects of delays and equipment unavailability The framework includes modules for monitoring and diagnosis, planning, learning, and optimization These modules are fed with the data collected from environmental sensors and monitoring system Internal and external data are transferred in real time and operations of autonomous system are modified based on the commands determined in the optimization and planner module Evaluating a Virtual Reality-based Interface for Teaching Humanoids Wing-Yue Geoffrey Louie|Electrical and Computer Engineering|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Roman Kulikovskiy|Electrical and Computer Engineering|Oakland|Rochester, MI Robots that exhibit human-like nonverbal behaviors have been shown to be more effective during human-robot collaborative tasks However, considerable effort is required to design human-like nonverbal behaviors for a robot for different task scenarios In this work, we investigate the efficacy of different teleoperation modalities for enabling a human with minimal robotics and/or programming experience to teach a humanoid robot effective nonverbal behavior during a collaborative task Namely, we evaluate user workload, perceived usability, task completion time, and task success during a human-robot collaborative sorting task when the robot is teleoperated by non-expert users Propulsion System Optimization for a Gas-Electric Hybrid Drone Alyssa Lalko|Mechanical Engineering|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Yazen Alali|Electrical and Computer Engineering|Oakland University|Rochester, MI 35 Laila Guessous|Mechanical Engineering|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Osamah Rawashdeh|Electrical and Computer Engineering|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Multi-rotor drones alleviate costly and dangerous tasks, but the low energy density of batteries limits their flight time Gasoline has higher energy density than batteries, which offers potential for longer flight durations, but the slow responsiveness of gas engines creates unstable flight, which prevents gas-only multi-rotors from being possible Therefore, hybrid gas-electric multirotor drones are promising for time-intensive missions Researchers in Oakland University’s Embedded Systems Research Laboratory are developing a hybrid drone with separate gas and electric propulsion systems: two gas engines and four electric motors independently drive propellers This project uses simulations and experimental tests to determine the current prototype’s optimal flight time The vehicle is being modeled in MATLAB and Simulink, where the input variables are the fuel tank capacity, battery capacity, and lift-contribution from each propulsion system, and the output is the expected flight time The interworking relationships for the model were experimentally derived from the prototype, and a test setup was created to collect data on the prototype’s overall flight time Preliminary results from a combination of simulation and experimental testing show an increase of 86% in flight time between electric-only propulsion and hybrid gas-electric propulsion Additional studies are being carried out on this project Analyzing the relationship between rotation measurements obtained from radio sources and total electron content (TEC) obtained from GNSS stations in Africa Serenity Monroe|Electrical Engineering|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Dr Zama Katamzi-Joseph|Space Science|SANSA|Hermanus, South Africa Mark Moldwin|Climate and Space Sciences Engineering|University| Studying the ionosphere allows us to obtain a better understanding of the effects of space weather on technology Within the last two decades, Africa has installed radio interferometers to allow for space research over the African region for the first time One of these is the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) in South Africa, which is still in the process of completion SKA will be the largest radio telescope in the world and can serve purposes other than galaxy observations such as studying the ionosphere The goal of this research was to find a relationship between rotational measurements obtained from KAT-7/SKA and ionospheric TEC data to determine if polarization angle is a parameter we can use as a proxy to Faraday Rotation in understanding ionospheric irregularities over the South African region We believe that use of SKA can explain how the ionosphere affects radio signals We then intend to present our results to those at SKA to obtain more data to further analyze this relationship 36 Mapleseed Project Xiaogan Liang|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Bonnie Jiang|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Aakash Venkatesan|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Chunkai Yao|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Jason Figueroa|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Sensing of local air flow dynamics and spatial distributions of airborne nano/microscale particles in the planetary boundary layer can provide critical information for predicting important local atmospheric events, such as spreading processes of fatal viruses, bacteria, and pollutants Current tools, such as RADAR/LiDAR probes, can only provide large scale coarse measurements of atmospheric parameters To enable high-resolution sensing of local phenomena, University of Michigan’s (UoM) Sensor Network Laboratory (SNL) team has been developing a mapleseedinspired flyer sensor, which could enable in situ sensing of basic atmospheric parameters, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and air flow velocity In addition, the SNL team is also making an effort to integrate more advanced sensing devices with further reduced sizes (nano/microscale), higher detection sensitivities (detection limit ~10-5 ppb), and shorter response times (second scale) into flyer sensors to detect more complex atmospheric events During the last year, the SNL team has made significant progress in this project, which includes development of new mini-size printed circuit boards (PCBs) suitable for airborne sensors, 3Dprinted aerodynamic mapleseed flyers, as well as new 2D-material-based nanoelectronic biosensors, which could be integrated with mini-size flyer PCBs and enable real-time monitoring of spatial distributions of target airborne biological and chemical molecules within a local air region DUST: Spaceborne Mesh Network Communications Taylor Sun|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Dr Darren McKague|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI James A Smith|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Dr Jose E Velazco|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Baylee Sommer|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Havel Liu|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Distributed Universal Satellite Technology (DUST) is a CubeSat mission that aims to demonstrate mesh network communications, applying both downlinks and inter-satellite crosslinks, in LEO with a formation of three 3U CubeSats Key advantages of mesh network communications include low latency due to inter-satellite relays, tolerance to node failure, and automatically optimized network paths A successful DUST demonstration would enable more complex, distributed spacecraft architectures for a variety of Earth-orbiting, lunar, and interplanetary applications The team is comprised of undergraduate and graduate University of Michigan students from a wide range of backgrounds in collaboration with Michigan's CLASP department and NASA JPL via JPL's SURP program 37 Simultaneous Optical and Electrical Spin-Torque Magnetometry at the GHz frequencies Wei Zhang|Physics|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Mouhamad Hammami|Physics|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Spin-based coherent information processing and encoding are crucial components for robust and efficient communication and control in aeronautics and space applications, which can be done by utilizing the precession phase of spins in magnetic materials However, the detection and manipulation of spin precession phases remain a major challenge for advanced sensing and communication functionalities By using simultaneous electrical and optical detection, we demonstrate the direct measurement of the spin precession phase of a permalloy device driven by the spin-orbit torques from adjacent heavy metals The spin Hall angle of the heavy metals can be independently determined from concurrent electrical and optical signals The phasesensitive optical detection also allows spatially-resolved measurements of local spin-torque parameters and ferromagnetic resonance with comprehensive amplitude and phase information Quantifying the existence and preferred direction of propagation of ionospheric structures Letty Loeza|Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, Michigan Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are disturbances in the electron density of the ionosphere that are attributed to the effects of gravity waves The gravity waves that manifest TIDs were found to have large amplitudes and propagate upwards into the ionosphere TIDs are classified as medium or large scale based on velocity, amplitude, and direction, while their propagation characteristics depend on the strength of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling However, the direction of propagation of TIDs has not been confirmed Studies by Hocke and Schlegal (1996) show that storm induced TIDs with auroral origin travel equator-ward, while studies by Vadas and Liu (2008) show TIDs of auroral origin could cross the magnetic equator and travel poleward Using historical data sets received by satellites, the direction of TID propagation could be further investigated The purpose of this research is to quantify the existence of ionospheric structures and establish their preferred direction of propagation Search for L5 Earth Trojans with DECam D W Gerdes|Physics, Astronomy|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI R Malhotra|Lunar and Planetary Laboratory|University of Arizona|Tucson, AZ J C Becker|Astronomy|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI S J Hamilton|Physics|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI F C Adams|Physics, Astronomy|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Most of the major planets in the Solar System support populations of co-orbiting bodies, known as Trojans, at their L4 and L5 Lagrange points In contrast, Earth has only one known co-orbiting 38 companion This paper presents the results from a search for Earth Trojans using the DECam instrument on the Blanco Telescope at CTIO This search found no additional Trojans in spite of greater coverage compared to previous surveys of the L5 point Therefore, the main result of this work is to place the most stringent constraints to date on the population of Earth Trojans These constraints depend on assumptions regarding the underlying population properties, especially the slope of the magnitude distribution (which in turn depends on the size and albedo distributions of the objects) For standard assumptions, we calculate upper limits to a 90% confidence limit on the L5 population of N(ET) < 1for magnitude H < 15.5, N(ET) = 60−85 for H < 19.7, and N(ET) = 98 for H = 20.4 This latter magnitude limit corresponds to Trojans about 500m in size for albedo = 0.15 At H = 19.7, these upper limits are consistent with L4 Earth Trojan constraints and improve on previous L5 constraints by about an order of magnitude 10 Featherweight Heaterless Hollow Cathode Characterization Margaret Mooney|Mechanical and Aerospace Engr.|Western Michigan University|Kalamazoo, MI Matthew Baird|Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering|Western Michigan University|Kalamazoo, MI Kristina Lemmer|Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering|Western Michigan University|Kalamazoo, MI Hallow cathodes provide necessary electrons required for ignition and plume neutralization in many electric propulsion devices The thermionic emitting insert material is typically heated via a resistive heater surrounding the insert However, heaterless cathode ignition can provide a decrease in system complexity and a reduction of failure probability for the system Additionally, the elimination of the heater assembly reduces both the size and the cost of the system's power processing unit This is particularly attractive for small satellite applications A heaterless hollow cathode design was designed and tested at the Western Michigan University Aerospace Laboratory for Plasma Experiments The ALPE heaterless cathode (AHC-3.2) was characterized using an iterative testing matrix varying cathode mass flow rate between sccm and sccm of Xenon and anode current between A and A A combination of the burst and high flow ignition methods were used for ignition Peak-to-peak keeper voltages show a decreasing then increasing trend with increasing discharge current to mass flow ratios The relatively high peak-to-peak voltages at low ratios could correlate to "breathing mode" cathode oscillations observed in fast Fourier transform plots Signs of wear on the keeper plate showed after only two ignition cycles 11 Open-Source Hardware Implementation of a SpaceWire Router Kristi Stefa|Electrical and Computer Engineering|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Thomas Filarski|Electrical and Computer Engineering|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Daniel Llamocca|Electrical and Computer Engineering|Oakland University|Rochester, MI 39 On-board spacecraft include an array of components such as instrumentation devices (e.g.: radar, imaging camera), processing units, and communication units There is a need for high-speed, reliable communication among those components Different industries feature a preferred (usually most suitable) communication protocol For example: CAN bus for automotive applications and Ethernet for computer networks In the case of on-board spacecraft technology, SpaceWire is a well-known communication protocol Due to its fault-tolerance resilience and high-throughput properties, it is extensively used in avionics and satellite applications A SpaceWire system consists of nodes interconnected by routers The physical system that interconnects on-board spacecraft components via the SpaceWire protocol is known as a SpaceWire Router The implementation of such routers is usually proprietary The work performed consisted in the design and implementation of an open-source and configurable SpaceWire Router and its components The open-source nature of the implementation will allow any designer to download the design and implement it in a hardware platform of their choosing 12 Miniature Tether Electrodynamics Experiment: Propellantless Propulsion for Small Satellites Geoffrey Jenkins|Climate and Space Sciences and Engr.|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI Brian Gilchrist|Climate and Space Sciences and Engr.|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI The Miniature Tether Electrodynamics Experiment (MiTEE) is a University of Michigan multidisciplinary design project team consisting of undergraduate and graduate students working to demonstrate electrodynamic (ED) propulsion technology on a 3U (1U = 10x10x10cm) CubeSat in space for the first time This work is performed under the direction of Professor Brian Gilchrist, and if successful, this technology will provide a means of prolonging small satellites’ mission lifetimes Satellites equipped with these miniature ED tethers may be able to maneuver and maintain their orbits without the need for large amounts of propellant via coupling of localized plasma and a charge-exchange tether system 13 GSFC's Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Units and their Impact on Outdoor Air Quality Sheyenne Harris|Civil and Environmental Engineering|University of Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI As an Air Quality Program Intern for the Medical and Environmental Management Division (MEMD) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the main task was to validate GSFC’s regulated air emission sources in a newly adopted database To validate these heating, cooling, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems I visited every building on campus with the help of the onsite facilities operations managers (FOMs) In every inventory field verification inspection I had to access and record the serial plate information located on the equipment This plate information contains serial and model numbers, along with the type of refrigerant and its charge Portions of the information needed to populate the new database already existed, but extra research was 40 required to add the emissions source The Air Quality Program supports permits regulated on GSFC’s campus The program is responsible for verifying GSFC’s Title V Permit, which requires that sources of air pollutants must be permitted Reduction in the use of ozone depleting substances (ODS) is a part of the centers Title V Permit which is administered by the Maryland Department of Education (MDE) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) This project was efficient in retrieving and field verifying about ¾ of the HVAC equipment on GSFC campus along with populating the APIMS database with over 100 HVAC units contained at GSFC Because this is an ongoing program, the information collected will be used in future regulatory reporting to NASA 14 Analysis on San Francisco Fire Department Dispatch Calls and their relationship to the Elevation of the Call Source Abdulrahman Zaiter|Computer Science and Information Systems|Saginaw Valley State University|University Center, MI Khandaker Abir Rahman|Computer Science and Information Systems|Saginaw Valley State University|University Center, MI Alarms and monitoring industry is an industry that has a large variety of events that shape how a monitoring agent would act towards an incident Most of the currently used events and signals transmission systems communicate through relatively old technologies and protocols that reached the highest levels of expansion Throughout alarm automation integrations, system integrators can expand the system quickly and overcome the limitations set by the old hardware and protocols Many businesses and fields use and integrate traditional alarm and signaling hardware and components, such as public safety, fire alarm, hospitals, daycare, and general security firms The paper will explore a more narrowed down type of alarms in the alarm industry By merging "San Francisco Fire Department Calls" and "San Francisco Elevation Data," fire CallsFor-Service include all fire units' responses to calls By analyzing each record that includes information such as the call number, neighborhood, location, unit type, call type, and all relevant time intervals We will construct and explore the relationship of fire alarm calls and elevation relationship to the alarm and public safety industry Moreover, we seek to respond to questions about firefighters' job by analyzing the types of actions they provide to the public, i.e., "do they only fight fire?", "What is the leading cause of fire accidents in San Francisco?" "When they have most/least fires?", et cetera 15 Reaching Students with Science at a Strategic Moment: The Appeal of Earth Science Research on Lake Michigan Dunes Deanna Van Dijk|Geology, Geography & Environmental Studies |Calvin University|Grand Rapids, MI Katherine Benedict|Geology, Geography & Environmental Studies |Calvin University|Grand Rapids, MI Peter Duimstra|Geology, Geography & Environmental Studies |Calvin University|Grand Rapids, MI 41 The First-Year Research in Earth Sciences (FYRES) project represents an innovative model for STEM public outreach that targets students at two strategic intervals in the education pipeline: the first months of undergraduate education and while students are exploring their commitment to a STEM discipline Outreach is strengthened by elements that give everyone a heightened stake in learning: a striking natural environment and experiences that generate enthusiasm in participants as well as broader audiences FYRES participants benefit from enhanced scientific literacy and interest Some will go on to become scientifically-literate citizens who pursue vocations in business, humanities, education, etc., whereas others discover or confirm a deeper interest in the Earth sciences and other STEM disciplines MSGC funding for the FYRES project in 2017-2018 contributed to the continued development of a successful program, directly impacted 29 students, reached out to many members of the public, and promoted NASA strategic interests 16 Keeping Young Math and Science Enthusiasts Hooked Feryal Alayont|Mathematics|Grand Valley State University|Allendale, MI Middle school is critical for continued student interest in science and mathematical fields This summer, we hosted 24 middle school students at Grand Valley State University to help them see the exciting and fun side of math and science, to teach them topics that beyond the regular K-12 curriculum and to give them a chance to become friends with other math and science enthusiasts to increase their sense of belonging in these fields With these goals in mind, students were exposed to hands-on activities in chemistry, math, physics and stats, were given ample time to interact with each other and were taught mathematical games We also hosted a career panel with three panelists who were science and stats graduates working in industry We will report on what went well and what lessons we learned during the camp 17 A 3D Physical Model to Experience how the Human Body Works First Hand Jana Hendrickson|Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology|Michigan Technological University|Houghton, Michigan Benjamin Cockfield|Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology|Michigan Technological University|Houghton, Michigan Alex Gabe|Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology|Michigan Technological University|Houghton, Michigan Stephen Hook|Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology|Michigan Technological University|Houghton, Michigan Kathryn Carter|Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology|Michigan Technological University|Houghton, Michigan Steven Elmer|Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology|Michigan Technological University|Houghton, Michigan Foundational knowledge of physics is vital when learning physiology National Biomechanics Day is an outreach initiative aimed at promoting interest in physics of the human body A long-term 42 goal of this event is to integrate biomechanics in high school science curricula Our outreach team implemented biomechanics activities to emphasize how leverage, force, and torque apply to human movement Kinesiology students directed K-12 students from general science, anatomy, and physics classes to use parts including rulers, bolts, nuts, string, paperclip, to build a model of the human elbow Models were manipulated to show how the length of the lever arm influenced muscle force production The model was also used to show how trade-offs between force and speed exist in a lever-based system and the human body Students were then given an injury scenario and had to determine where to surgically re-attach a ruptured biceps tendon Results from the activity were connected to various functional movements and the possibility of human locomotion on Mars Activities were well received and impacted over 250 students from schools across states Inclusion of university students provided practice presenting and teaching science to a lay audience Finally, participation in National Biomechanics Day helped introduce biomechanics to K-12 students and build stronger relationships with schools This educational outreach was supported by a grant from the Michigan Space Grant Consortium 18 Processing of Porcine Internal Mammary Arteries for Human Bypass Graft Applications Kelsey LeMay|Biomedical Engineering|Michigan Technological University|Houghton, MI For patients with advanced cardiovascular disease, a common treatment is bypass grafting Bypass grafts are traditionally prepared by harvesting a patient’s saphenous vein or internal mammary artery However, invasive surgery to retrieve these vessels may not be possible for some patients due to prior harvest, extensive vascular disease in the selected conduit, or the high associated costs In these cases, alternative sources of grafting material are needed The goal of this project is to create a human compatible bypass graft from the porcine internal mammary artery This will be achieved through selective decollagenization and decellularization of the porcine artery Decellularization is conducted with multiple freeze/thaw cycles to remove cellular constituents to minimize the negative immune response from the foreign graft material and increase the shelf life Decollagenizaion selectively removes internal surface coated collagens via acetic acid perfusion After these processing techniques, the internal arterial surface gains optimal blood contacting characteristics which are observed by cross sectioning, staining, and imaging the histological samples Mechanical testing, immunosorbent assays, and platelet activation tests will be conducted on the grafts once the processing protocol is optimized Through these procedures, we will engineer a natural vascular graft with long shelf life that maintains mechanical properties to serve as a replacement blood vessel graft 19 Evaluations of Microgravity on DNA Repair Ann Fuelle|Chemistry|Oakland University|Rochester Michigan The health risks of space travel are not well-defined Individuals in space are susceptible to DNA damage caused by UV radiation, which forms crosslinks in the DNA DNA damage must be 43 repaired in a timely fashion; otherwise, accumulation of lesions can result in cancer, heart disease, and other genetic abnormalities Although human cells have repair mechanism to counteract various forms of DNA damage, the effect of low gravity on these repair pathways is not yet understood The focus of this research is to assess how the conditions of space affect the DNA repair mechanisms of human cells This will be tested by monitoring the viability and the extent of DNA damage to human embryonic kidney cells and heart muscle cells after exposure to hydrogen peroxide, bleomycin, and camptothecin in microgravity These treatment conditions will generate oxidative stress, double-stranded, and single-stranded DNA breaks within the cells Our results indicate that after exposure to microgravity for 24-hours the cells experience a mild protective effect against DNA damage Although this is unexpected, the long-term effects of microgravity are still unknown Current studies are determining the delayed and long-term effects of microgravity 20 Prebiotic synthesis of amides in hydrothermal environments Ziming Yang|Chemistry|Oakland University|Rochester, MI Hydrothermal environments (i.e., aqueous media at elevated temperatures and pressures) are not only ubiquitous on Earth but also discovered beyond Earth, such as inside Saturn's Enceladus The hydrothermal chemistry of organic compounds can play a critical role in many geochemical processes, such as the degradation of subsurface organic matter in sedimentary basins, and the metabolic cycles in the deep ocean biosphere, where hydrothermal organic synthesis may provide important biomolecule precursors for the origin and evolution of life Amides, which contain both carbon and nitrogen, are fundamental to hydrothermal organic geochemistry and deep-sea biology research, in large part due to their involvement in biological metabolism, such as in the forms of peptides and proteins, and also due to their participation in the deep nitrogen cycle and their potential role in the origin of life However, few experimental studies have focused on the hydrothermal chemistry of amides, and amides formation pathways and reaction mechanisms in hydrothermal environments are largely unknown Here we report a non-mineralcatalyzed but highly selective synthetic pathway for amides in hydrothermal water Our findings may provide new insights into understanding prebiotic synthesis of peptides and proteins in relevant hydrothermal systems on Earth and beyond 21 Analysis of immunity and symbiosis of the Northern Star Coral from future climate impacts Kevin B Strychar|Biology|Grand Valley State University|Muskegon, MI Daniel Barshis|Biology|Old Dominion University|Norfolk, VA Sarah Hamsher|Biology|Grand Valley State University|Muskegon, MI Briana Salas|Biology|Our Lady of the Lake University|San Antonio, TX 44 Over the years, global warming has had a devastating effect on coral reef ecosystems, however, most research has focused on corals in tropical/sub-tropical systems Corals in temperate systems have been studied less-so in terms of how global warming will impact their physiology and future survivorship Our research focuses on the temperate coral, Astrangia poculata, and how it will respond to increased temperatures and disease exposure This study will be expose two populations of this species, colonies found in Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island and Bogue Sound in North Carolina, to treatments of increased temperatures and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a substitute for a pathogen The use of LPS can give us a general understanding of immunity within this species, measuring components such as prophenoloxidase (PPO) and melanin In addition, this study will also examine the role reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays when these coral are heat stressed Lastly, we are examining the lectin-glycan interactions of A poculata’s signature symbiont, Breviolum psygmophilum, by using the universal lectin Concanavalin-A (ConA) The overall goal of this research is to learn more about this model system in terms of its innate immunity and facultative symbiosis function in this temperate coral species as higher heat stressors are likely to be the norm as the climate changes 22 Competitive interactions between native Brook Trout and introduced Brown Trout: an exploration of niche partitioning using temporal and spatial diet analyses Frederick Glassen|Biology|Grand Valley State University|Allendale, MI Eric Snyder|Biology|Grand Valley State University|Allendale, MI Our study compares two 1st order streams of the Rogue River in western Michigan Our study focuses on aquatic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in both Frost Creek and Cedar Creek (x ̅ temps from May 28th to September 4th were 16.03oC and 17.84oC respectively) Frost Creek is Brook Trout dominated with a catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of 2.26 Brook Trout per minute (x ̅ Brook Trout total length and mass = 160.04mm and 50.02g) Brown Trout occur in Frost Creek in low densities (CPUE = 0.325 Trout per minute; x ̅ = 206.5mm, x ̅ = 61.7g,) Cedar Creek is Brown Trout dominated stream approximately miles south of Frost Creek with a CPUE of 1.03 Brown Trout per minute (x ̅ Brown Trout total length and mass = 200.83mm and 113.35g) and 0.221 Brook Trout per minute (x ̅ Brook Trout total length and mass = 162.2 mm and 51.83g) The aquatic macroinvertebrate community within Frost Creek is represented by families dominated by Diptera, Ephemeroptera, and Coleoptera (x ̅ drift density = 43.04 individuals/100m3, x ̅ benthic abundance = 1581.39 invertebrates/m2) We are currently conducting an instream enclosure study that is manipulating densities of Brook and Brown Trout to determine niche partition Feeding habits are being studied using gastric lavage techniques to determine wild trout niche partitioning over the course of 12 months Finally, growth rate and fitness are being assessed using mark-recapture techniques (pit tagging) 45 23 On the Brink of Extinction: An Analysis of Temperature Resistance in Staghorn coral Cassidy Gilmore||Annis Water Resources Institute|Muskegon, Michigan Coral reefs have important economic impact through tourism, fisheries, and wave impact reduction capability Acropora cervicornis is a reef building coral well recognized worldwide by their cylindrical branches reaching 5-25 m lengths Since 2006, however, they have been protected under the Endangered Species Act, as this species is at the brink of extinction Some states (e.g Florida, USA) are spending millions of dollars on the process of fragmenting corals, growing them in special aquaria, and replanting them on damaged reefs to promote quick repopulation that appear to suffer the same fate (i.e bleaching) caused by global warming As the amount of greenhouse gases produced increases, sea temperatures rise The symbionts present in the corals increase the rate at which they photosynthesize when the water is warmer, which creates reactive oxygen species that can damage the host coral A few methods of raising coral have been explored, including the use of electrical impulses and raising them in a nursery, however no studies have examined whether electrical impulses produced better heat stress tolerant coral In addition, there are only a few studies examining temperature tolerance of coral raised in a nursery Here, our study focuses on how A cervicornis responds to thermal stress comparing coral cultured using (1) electrical impulses, (2) current husbandry techniques, and (3) natural populations A flow cytometer will be used to count the number of symbionts present 24 Geochemical Comparison of Lake Superior Dikes and Micro Mapping of Geological Thin Sections Erik Eikey|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Tyrone Rooney|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI The Mid Continental Rift (MCR) was a failed rifting event in the Lake Superior region The rock emplaced during the early stages of the rifting event {ca 1107 Ma} has been recognized as an important source of Ni-Cu-PGE In particular, the intrusive bodies in the Marquette region have recently been exploited for such economic deposits Extensive intrusive rock of unknown age is found to the east of these mining operations in a location called Wetmore Landing We present a geochemical analysis dikes found at Wetmore Landing Our tentative evaluation of the initial data from this project suggests commonalties between these dikes and early staged lavas erupted elsewhere in the MCR These results imply that the early stage intrusive bodies extend further east than previously thought; a potentially useful observation for future Ni-Cu-PGE exploration Continued investigation of these dikes will examine the relative percentages of early stage bodies in this region 46 25 Mountains out of Molehills: Probing the Plumbing of Incipient Volcanic Edifices Christopher Svoboda|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Tyrone Rooney|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Guillaume Girard|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Chad Deering|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Silicate volcanism is a primary process that drives the evolution of all rocky bodies in our solar system The volcanic rocks of Earth, the Moon, Mars, and others are similar in that magmas evolve via crystallization of minerals in plutonic reservoirs (i.e plumbing systems) within the lithospheres of said bodies prior to eruption Models of how these plumbing systems are established and then grow have important implications for all terrestrial solar system bodies’ physical and chemical evolution Terrestrial volcanic systems are typically used as analogs to understand processes that operate throughout in other rocky bodies The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) of New Zealand has generated some of the most volumetrically significant terrestrial eruptions These lavas have differentiated within the lithosphere, and crystals provide a record of these processes Here we present whole rock, mineral, and glass geochemical data from Ohakune, a monogenetic cone 20 km from the stratovolcano Ruapehu These data suggest an incipient magma plumbing system where the processes of crystal uptake, melt-mineral mixing, and crystallization are primary We integrate this data with other work from the region to propose a possible evolutionary pathway for magmatic plumbing systems as they become more established in the crust This has implications for the evolution of large volcanic system 26 La Angelita Basalts: Chemical Signatures in Patagonian Melts Sydney Gable|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University|East Lansing, MI Christopher Svoboda|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University|East Lansing, MI Tyrone Rooney|Earth and Environmental Sciences|Michigan State University|East Lansing, MI Modern models for the growth and evolution of continental crust arise partially from understanding the melting & crystallization processes in subduction zone magmas Subduction zone regions commonly undergo complex magmatic processes, some of which can be elucidated through chemical analysis of the crystal phases that are derived from these magmas In Patagonia, Argentina it has been found that melt has shifted from the arc to the back-arc region which is uncharacteristic for subduction zone magmatism Chemical analysis of basalt from this region may provide new insight as to the cause of the apparent shift in melt generation Previous studies show that the composition of minerals in igneous rocks provide constraints on melting lithologies in the mantle, as well as pressure and temperature conditions within the crust We present initial scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imagery of samples from the La Angelita Basalt in Patagonia, Argentina This imagery shows that these samples have many euhedral to subhedral mineral phases, which show very little zoning and are therefore optimal for further work This study also uses laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) to examine the geochemical signatures of minerals in the La Angelita Basalt samples 47 Modeling of these chemical signatures can contribute to our understanding of the role that melt generation and crystallization play in the crustal evolution of this region 27 Exploring factors that affect the dynamics of cyanobacterial blooms in Muskegon Lake, Michigan, a model Great Lakes Estuary Jasmine Mancuso|Biology - Annis Water Resources Institute|Grand Valley State University|Allendale, MI Anthony Weinke|Biology - Annis Water Resources Institute|Grand Valley State University|Allendale, MI Ian Stone|Natural Resource Management|Grand Valley State University|Allendale, MI Bopi Biddanda|Biology - Annis Water Resources Institute|Grand Valley State University|Allendale, MI Freshwater lakes around the world are increasingly suffering the consequences of cultural eutrophication, the increase in the production of organic matter in an ecosystem, due to anthropogenic nutrient loading Sequentially, harmful algal blooms, most commonly dominated by cyanobacteria (cHABs) are occurring more frequently Cyanobacteria have adaptations that allow them to outcompete native phytoplankton under favorable conditions, which are emulated by the effects of climate and land-use change cHABs produce negative ecological and economic effects, including reduced water quality Though improved since being listed as an Area of Concern in 1985, Muskegon Lake, a Great Lakes drowned river-mouth estuary, experiences annual cHABs Since 2011, a high-frequency time-series observatory buoy has monitored meteorological and water quality data in the lake for eight months each year My thesis uses observatory data, additional field sampling, and seasonal in situ bioassays to determine what physical, chemical, and biological factors interact with and affect cHABs spatial and temporal dynamics in Muskegon Lake with hopes of eventually informing management of preventative measures Additionally, phytoplankton samples are collected at each site to monitor community composition change throughout the season and in relation to measured variables At this conference, I will share preliminary findings on the interactions between nutrients, environmental conditions, and cHABs dynamics 48