Trends in Higher Education Series College Board Advocacy & Policy Center Analysis Brief Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations for Higher Education by State Jennifer Ma Independent Policy Analyst The College Board Sandy Baum Senior Fellow, George Washington University Graduate School of Education and Human Development, and Consultant to the College Board Summary In the past few years, a weak economy has put increasing pressure on state and institutional budgets State appropriations for higher education have not been able to keep pace with increases in enrollment, and college prices continue to rise faster than average prices in the economy In this analysis brief, we present information on recent trends in tuition and fees, enrollment, and state support for higher education by state, paying particular attention to the public two-year and four-year sectors Published Tuition and Fees by State, 2011-12 For the 2011-12 academic year, the average enrollment-weighted published price for in-state tuition and fees for full-time undergraduate students in the public two-year sector was $2,963 for the nation as a whole Average published prices in the public two-year sector varied widely across states, ranging from $1,119 in California and $1,498 in New Mexico to $6,520 in Vermont and $6,741 in New Hampshire (Figure 1) In 2011-12, the average published price for in-state tuition and fees for full-time public four-year undergraduate students in the nation was $8,244 Average published prices in this sector ranged from $4,125 in Wyoming and $5,123 in Louisiana to $13,078 in Vermont and $13,507 in New Hampshire (Figure 1) Average published prices for tuition and fees in 2011-12 for the private nonprofit four-year sector ranged from $6,198 in Utah and $6,614 in Idaho to more than $35,000 in the District of Columbia, California, Connecticut, and Massachusetts (Figure 1) The national average was $28,500 Published Tuition and Fees by State, 2006-07 to 2011-12 Tables 1, 2, and show the average published tuition and fees by state from 2006-07 through 2011-12, as well as the one-year, three-year, and five-year percentage changes in tuition and fees for the public two-year, public four-year, and private nonprofit four-year sectors, respectively July 2012 Utah Idaho Hawaii Delaware Mississippi North Dakota Arkansas West Virginia Alabama Michigan Nebraska Kansas South Carolina Kentucky Oklahoma South Dakota Montana Tennessee Missouri Virginia Nevada Alaska Georgia Florida Iowa Arizona Texas North Carolina Wisconsin Ohio U.S Illinois Indiana Louisiana Maine Minnesota Washington New Mexico Oregon New Jersey Pennsylvania Colorado New York Vermont New Hampshire Rhode Island Maryland District of Columbia California Connecticut Massachusetts Published Tuition and Fees $9,000 $10,000 $5,000 $8,244 $1,119 $1,498 $3,000 $2,963 $4,000 $15,000 Public Four-Year In-State $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 $13,078 $13,507 California New Mexico Texas North Carolina Arizona Mississippi Wyoming Kansas Louisiana Nevada Nebraska Arkansas Idaho West Virginia Missouri Michigan U.S Hawaii Florida Utah Oklahoma Georgia Delaware Montana Illinois Maine Colorado Connecticut Indiana Tennessee Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Maryland South Carolina Washington Alaska Wisconsin North Dakota Virginia Oregon Kentucky New Jersey Alabama Iowa New York Massachusetts South Dakota Minnesota Vermont New Hampshire $7,000 $6,520 $6,741 $8,000 Private Nonprofit Four-Year $35,991 $36,724 $6,000 $4,125 $5,123 $1,000 $28,500 Wyoming Louisiana Utah Alaska New Mexico West Virginia Florida Mississippi Idaho North Carolina Montana Nevada Oklahoma New York Arkansas Georgia North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas District of Columbia Tennessee Iowa Missouri Colorado Kentucky Oregon Maryland Alabama Texas Wisconsin U.S Indiana Hawaii Ohio California Connecticut Maine Arizona Washington Virginia Minnesota Rhode Island Massachusetts South Carolina Delaware Michigan Illinois New Jersey Pennsylvania Vermont New Hampshire Published Tuition and Fees $2,000 $6,198 $6,614 Published Tuition and Fees Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations for Higher Education by State Figure 1: Enrollment-Weighted Average Published Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students, 2011-12 Public Two-Year In-State $6,000 $5,000 $0 $12,000 $3,000 $0 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $0 Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6c POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF College Board Advocacy & Policy Center In 2011-12, the average published in-state tuition and fees in the public two-year sector in the nation increased by 8.7% from a year earlier The state of California, which enrolls about 15% of the nation’s full-time students in this sector, had a 37% increase in tuition and fees at public two-year colleges Alabama and North Carolina increased published tuition and fees at public two-year colleges by 21% and 17%, respectively At the other end of the spectrum, increases were less than 2% in Rhode Island, Montana, and North Dakota (Table 1) Note that the dollar figures in Table (and other tables in this brief) are in current dollars and not adjusted for inflation The table below shows the Consumer Price Index from 2006-07 through 2011-12 During this five-year period, the Consumer Price Index rose by 11%, an average annual increase of 2.1% Consumer Price Index — All Urban Consumers, Not Seasonally Adjusted, All Items, U.S City Average 1982–1984 = 100 Academic Year CPI (as of July) Annual Percentage Change 2006-07 203.5 2007-08 208.3 2.4% 2008-09 220.0 5.6% 2009-10 215.4 -2.1% 2010-11 218.0 1.2% 2011-12 225.9 3.6% Note: The Consumer Price Index for all urban dwellers (CPI-U) is used to adjust for inflation Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/ special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt Between 2006-07 and 2011-12, the average published price for public two-year in-state July 2012 tuition and fees increased by less than 22% (an average annual increase of 4%) in nine states: Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina During the same time period, seven states increased their published two-year in-state tuition and fees by more than 47% (an average annual increase of 8%): Alabama, California, Florida, Hawaii, Nevada, North Carolina, and Virginia (Table 1) In 2011-12, the average in-state tuition and fees in the nation’s public four-year sector increased by 8.3% from a year earlier The state of California, which enrolls about 10% of the nation’s full-time students in this sector, had a 21% increase in tuition and fees at public four-year institutions Another nine states increased published four-year in-state tuition and fees by more than 10% In contrast, tuition and fee increases in Connecticut and South Carolina were about 2.5% (Table 2) Between 2006-07 and 2011-12, the average public four-year in-state tuition and fees increased by less than 22% (an average annual increase of 4%) in five states: Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Ohio, and Wyoming During the same time period, 12 states increased their published fouryear in-state tuition and fees by more than 47% (an average annual increase of 8%), including four that nearly or more than doubled their tuition and fees: Arizona, California, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii (Table 2) In 2011-12, the average published tuition and fees in the private nonprofit four-year Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations for Higher Education by State sector increased by a smaller percentage than in the public sector The increase in tuition and fees in the private nonprofit four-year sector was 4.5% for the nation as a whole and ranged from 2.9% in New Mexico to 7.1% in Oklahoma Between 2006-07 and 2011-12, tuition and fees in this sector increased by less than 22% in eight states and by more than 47% in just one state, Alaska (Table 3; note there is only one private nonprofit four-year institution in Alaska) Published Tuition and Fees at State Flagship Universities, 2007-08 to 2011-12 Tables 4a and 4b show the published tuition and fees at flagship universities for in-state and out-of-state students, respectively Typically, published tuition and fee prices at flagship universities are higher than those at other public four-year institutions in the state In 2011-12, published in-state tuition and fees at flagship universities ranged from a low of $4,125 at the University of Wyoming (the only public four-year institution in the state) to a high of $17,053 at Penn State University Park (Table 4a) (As shown in Table 2, the average 2011-12 public four-year in-state tuition and fee price in Pennsylvania was $12,079.) In 2011-12, published out-of-state prices for tuition and fees at flagship universities varied widely across states, ranging from $8,924 at the University of South Dakota to more than $35,000 at the University of California–Berkeley, the University of Virginia, and the University of Michigan (Table 4b) Full-time enrollment at flagship universities ranged from less than 10,000 at six states’ flagship universities (Alaska, Idaho, Maine, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming) to more than 30,000 at six states’ flagship universities (Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas) in fall 2010 (not shown) State Appropriations for Higher Education State appropriations are a major source of revenue for public colleges and universities Over the decade from 1998-99 to 2008-09, the average share of revenues coming from state and local appropriations decreased and the average share of revenues coming from net tuition increased for all types of public institutions (Figure 2) In 2008-09, state appropriations contributed 24% of total revenues at public degree-granting institutions However, there are vast differences in the level of state support for higher education among states For example, while state appropriations in Colorado and the District of Columbia contributed less than 6% of total revenues, state appropriations in Alaska, Nevada, and Wyoming contributed more than 40% of total revenues at public degree-granting institutions (Figure 3) Differences in state support for higher education among states are also shown in Figure In 2011-12, while average state appropriations per $1,000 of personal income were $5.63 for the nation, New Hampshire provided $1.39 and Colorado POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF College Board Advocacy & Policy Center provided $2.88 per $1,000 of personal income for higher education operations At the other end of the spectrum, appropriations per $1,000 of personal income were $11.09 in New Mexico, $11.24 in North Carolina, and $12.63 in Wyoming (Figure 4) Table shows state appropriations for 2006-07, 2010-11, and 2011-12 In 2011-12, total state appropriations in the U.S declined by 7.5% from a year earlier All but nine states saw a decline in state appropriations for higher education in 2011-12 The largest decline was 39% in New Hampshire, followed by 25% in Arizona Another 16 states saw a decline of more than 10% Three states (Illinois, North Dakota, and Rhode Island) increased their appropriations by more than 10% Twenty states had higher appropriations and 30 had lower appropriations in 2011-12 than five years earlier Note that these figures have not been adjusted for inflation Enrollment Declines in state appropriations were accompanied by increases in the number of students enrolled in higher education In fall 2010, 15.1 million students were enrolled in public degreegranting institutions, up 16% from five years before California had the largest enrollment (2.2 million), followed by Texas (1.3 million) The District of Columbia enrolled 5,800 students and Vermont enrolled 27,500 All states saw an increase in total enrollment at public institutions from fall 2005 to fall 2010, with increases ranging from less than July 2012 10% in eight states to more than 20% in 11 states (Table 6) Tables 7a and 7b show total fall enrollment for the public two-year and public four-year sectors, respectively Alaska is the only state that saw a decrease in total enrollment in the public twoyear sector from 2005 to 2010 (Because of the reclassification of some two-year colleges as four-year institutions, the total enrollment numbers in 2005 and 2010 in Florida, Nevada, North Dakota, and Washington are based on different numbers of institutions and are not comparable.) Total fall enrollment in the public two-year sector in Indiana increased by 77% from 2005 to 2010 Total fall enrollment in the public two-year sector in Louisiana more than doubled from 2005 to 2010 This is because of the unusually low enrollment number in fall 2005 due to Hurricane Katrina (Table 7a) Between fall 2005 and fall 2010, the total fall enrollment in the public four-year sector decreased slightly in Louisiana, Maine, and Wyoming All other states saw an increase In general, the increase in total fall enrollment in the public fouryear sector was much smaller than that in the public two-year sector (Table 7b) Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations for Higher Education by State Figure 2: Institutional Revenues per FTE Student in Constant 2009 Dollars at Public Institutions, by Revenue Source, 1998-99 to 2008-09, Selected Years $30,000 Revenue in Constant 2009 Dollars $25,000 $20,000 35% 34% 25% $15,000 34% $10,000 49% 38% 11% 56% $5,000 14% 13% 47% 16% 43% 17% 42% 56% 47% 31% 37% 32% 25% $0 14% 28% 33% 98-99 03-04 08-09 Public Doctoral 38% 43% 98-99 03-04 08-09 Public Master's 14% 16% 15% 64% 58% 57% 22% 26% 27% 41% 98-99 03-04 08-09 Public Bachelor's 98-99 03-04 08-09 Public Two-Year Academic Year and Institution Type Federal Appropriations and Federal, State, and Local Grants and Contracts State and Local Appropriations Net Tuition and Fee Revenue Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, Figure 12A Figure 3: Institutional Revenues at Public Degree-Granting Institutions from State Appropriations and Tuition and Fees, by State, 2008-09 100% Percentage 80% 60% 40% 0% Colorado District of Columbia Vermont Oregon Pennsylvania New Hampshire Utah Illinois South Carolina Michigan Wisconsin Montana Iowa Rhode Island Ohio Arizona Kentucky California Alabama Arkansas South Dakota Washington New Jersey Missouri U.S Virginia Maryland North Dakota Texas Indiana Oklahoma West Virginia Kansas New Mexico Mississippi Massachusetts Maine Minnesota Nebraska Tennessee New York Georgia Florida Connecticut Louisiana Hawaii Delaware Idaho North Carolina Alaska Wyoming Nevada 20% State State Appropriations Tuition and Fees Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 2010, Table 364 POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF New Hampshire Colorado Massachusetts Vermont Pennsylvania Arizona Missouri Oregon Rhode Island New Jersey Virginia Washington Nevada Connecticut Michigan Ohio New York Florida Wisconsin South Dakota Minnesota Maine Maryland South Carolina Montana U.S Delaware California Iowa Tennessee Idaho Illinois Kansas Texas Oklahoma Indiana Louisiana Georgia Utah Kentucky Nebraska West Virginia Hawaii Alabama Arkansas Mississippi North Dakota Alaska New Mexico North Carolina Wyoming Appropriations per $1,000 in Personal Income $3 $1.39 $2.88 $6 $5.63 $15 $12 $11.24 $12.63 College Board Advocacy & Policy Center July 2012 Figure 4: State Appropriations for Higher Education per $1,000 in Personal Income, by State, 2011-12 $9 $0 State Source: Illinois State University, Grapevine Data, Table Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations for Higher Education by State Table 1: Enrollment-Weighted Average Published In-State Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Public Two-Year Institutions by State, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2006-07 to 2011-12 Public Two-Year In-State Tuition and Fees State U.S Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Percentage Change 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 1-Year 3-Year 5-Year $2,963 $4,124 $3,831 $2,124 $2,661 $1,119 $3,397 $3,490 $3,086 — $3,006 $3,078 $2,967 $2,666 $3,150 $3,521 $4,177 $2,426 $4,051 $2,452 $3,327 $3,700 $4,823 $2,863 $5,162 $2,208 $2,756 $3,087 $2,514 $2,513 $6,741 $4,111 $1,498 $4,253 $2,075 $3,926 $3,608 $3,043 $4,029 $3,663 $3,676 $3,731 $4,945 $3,551 $2,049 $3,009 $6,520 $3,968 $3,805 $2,700 $3,840 $2,325 $2,727 $3,417 $3,699 $1,979 $2,525 $819 $3,122 $3,408 $2,889 — $2,773 $2,800 $2,710 $2,554 $3,010 $3,441 $3,912 $2,281 $3,900 $2,212 $3,260 $3,567 $4,594 $2,694 $4,939 $2,119 $2,580 $3,029 $2,412 $2,243 $6,271 $3,922 $1,325 $3,961 $1,776 $3,880 $3,473 $2,832 $3,745 $3,470 $3,652 $3,646 $4,585 $3,196 $1,858 $2,867 $6,250 $3,585 $3,360 $2,524 $3,623 $2,223 $2,558 $2,839 $3,622 $1,918 $2,378 $817 $2,768 $3,200 $2,763 — $2,553 $2,596 $2,443 $2,418 $2,729 $3,279 $3,701 $2,121 $3,759 $2,049 $3,236 $3,394 $4,291 $2,527 $4,739 $1,855 $2,580 $2,978 $2,294 $2,022 $5,892 $3,794 $1,208 $3,871 $1,600 $3,878 $3,327 $2,704 $3,611 $3,448 $3,376 $3,481 $4,314 $2,971 $1,746 $2,710 $6,070 $3,087 $3,153 $2,524 $3,507 $2,164 $2,372 $2,835 $3,175 $1,821 $2,296 $634 $2,550 $2,984 $2,631 — $2,292 $2,104 $2,192 $2,232 $2,597 $3,137 $3,512 $1,984 $3,684 $1,947 $3,156 $3,329 $3,925 $2,455 $4,562 $1,770 $2,586 $2,904 $2,240 $1,921 $5,607 $3,550 $1,146 $3,653 $1,350 $3,837 $3,176 $2,693 $3,336 $3,345 $3,090 $3,346 $3,939 $2,777 $1,662 $2,555 $5,830 $2,860 $2,962 $2,479 $3,422 $2,018 $2,294 $2,809 $2,894 $1,686 $2,138 $633 $2,459 $2,828 $2,422 — $2,031 $2,120 $1,946 $2,092 $2,440 $3,003 $3,331 $1,928 $3,450 $1,915 $3,120 $3,252 $3,694 $2,329 $4,446 $1,709 $2,505 $2,770 $2,155 $1,763 $5,609 $3,387 $1,143 $3,547 $1,341 $3,455 $3,175 $2,486 $3,222 $3,234 $2,846 $3,235 $3,596 $2,632 $1,649 $2,444 $5,500 $2,561 $2,879 $2,345 $3,270 $1,922 $2,266 $2,786 $2,655 $1,660 $2,095 $724 $2,376 $2,672 $2,310 — $2,031 $2,236 $1,732 $1,979 $2,301 $2,882 $3,202 $1,887 $3,270 $1,875 $2,926 $3,122 $3,579 $2,231 $4,264 $1,693 $2,391 $2,572 $2,013 $1,695 $5,234 $3,188 $1,102 $3,460 $1,257 $3,304 $3,103 $2,306 $3,161 $3,110 $2,686 $3,125 $3,449 $2,490 $1,610 $2,324 $5,230 $2,372 $2,738 $2,207 $3,145 $1,830 8.7% 20.7% 3.6% 7.3% 5.4% 36.6% 8.8% 2.4% 6.8% N/A 8.4% 9.9% 9.5% 4.4% 4.7% 2.3% 6.8% 6.4% 3.9% 10.8% 2.1% 3.7% 5.0% 6.3% 4.5% 4.2% 6.8% 1.9% 4.2% 12.0% 7.5% 4.8% 13.1% 7.4% 16.8% 1.2% 3.9% 7.5% 7.6% 5.6% 0.7% 2.3% 7.9% 11.1% 10.3% 5.0% 4.3% 10.7% 13.2% 7.0% 6.0% 4.6% 24.9% 45.5% 20.7% 16.6% 15.9% 76.5% 33.2% 17.0% 17.3% N/A 31.2% 46.3% 35.4% 19.4% 21.3% 12.2% 18.9% 22.3% 10.0% 25.9% 5.4% 11.1% 22.9% 16.6% 13.2% 24.7% 6.6% 6.3% 12.2% 30.8% 20.2% 15.8% 30.7% 16.4% 53.7% 2.3% 13.6% 13.0% 20.8% 9.5% 19.0% 11.5% 25.5% 27.9% 23.3% 17.8% 11.8% 38.7% 28.5% 8.9% 12.2% 15.2% 30.8% 48.0% 44.3% 28.0% 27.0% 54.6% 43.0% 30.6% 33.6% N/A 48.0% 37.7% 71.3% 34.7% 36.9% 22.2% 30.4% 28.6% 23.9% 30.8% 13.7% 18.5% 34.8% 28.3% 21.1% 30.4% 15.3% 20.0% 24.9% 48.3% 28.8% 29.0% 35.9% 22.9% 65.1% 18.8% 16.3% 32.0% 27.5% 17.8% 36.9% 19.4% 43.4% 42.6% 27.3% 29.5% 24.7% 67.3% 39.0% 22.3% 22.1% 27.0% Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6c POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF College Board Advocacy & Policy Center July 2012 Table 2: Enrollment-Weighted Average Published In-State Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Public Four-Year Institutions by State, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2006-07 to 2011-12 Public Four-Year In-State Tuition and Fees State 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 U.S Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming $8,244 $7,993 $5,456 $9,428 $6,646 $9,022 $7,849 $9,197 $10,496 $7,000 $5,626 $6,808 $8,352 $5,681 $11,600 $8,334 $7,562 $6,960 $7,963 $5,123 $9,354 $7,993 $10,173 $10,837 $9,966 $5,668 $7,668 $5,874 $6,934 $6,044 $13,507 $12,041 $5,457 $6,213 $5,685 $6,847 $8,904 $6,059 $7,988 $12,079 $10,007 $10,300 $6,873 $7,209 $8,078 $5,292 $13,078 $9,618 $9,484 $5,532 $8,193 $4,125 $7,613 $7,373 $5,261 $8,075 $6,304 $7,485 $7,078 $8,977 $9,623 $7,000 $5,034 $5,872 $7,458 $5,330 $10,969 $7,988 $7,155 $6,627 $7,519 $4,733 $8,945 $7,737 $9,488 $10,135 $9,387 $5,294 $7,271 $5,612 $6,600 $5,318 $11,946 $11,649 $5,128 $5,793 $5,323 $6,569 $8,605 $5,750 $7,434 $11,331 $9,319 $10,063 $6,318 $6,522 $7,744 $4,916 $12,474 $8,809 $8,197 $5,226 $7,711 $3,927 $7,050 $6,487 $4,922 $6,554 $5,980 $6,550 $6,270 $8,456 $9,012 $5,370 $4,444 $5,008 $6,638 $4,886 $10,410 $7,643 $6,712 $6,312 $7,116 $4,282 $8,544 $7,476 $9,239 $9,761 $8,788 $4,952 $7,215 $5,485 $6,234 $4,543 $11,075 $11,133 $4,786 $5,740 $4,539 $6,335 $8,170 $5,421 $6,906 $10,764 $8,503 $9,520 $6,031 $6,098 $7,328 $4,573 $12,016 $7,936 $7,321 $4,980 $7,169 $3,726 $6,591 $5,968 $4,678 $5,584 $5,914 $5,436 $5,792 $8,038 $8,291 $3,770 $3,825 $4,453 $5,823 $4,612 $10,021 $7,222 $6,433 $6,010 $6,809 $4,073 $8,078 $7,392 $8,239 $9,130 $8,317 $4,947 $7,228 $5,336 $5,956 $4,397 $10,293 $10,748 $4,520 $5,121 $4,391 $6,107 $8,140 $5,641 $6,239 $10,353 $7,727 $9,132 $5,698 $5,686 $6,919 $4,275 $11,341 $7,581 $6,433 $4,707 $6,796 $3,621 $6,191 $5,244 $4,425 $4,959 $5,599 $4,951 $5,435 $7,574 $7,808 $3,770 $3,386 $4,181 $5,017 $4,382 $9,099 $6,875 $6,218 $5,746 $6,279 $3,830 $7,334 $7,314 $7,887 $8,499 $7,798 $4,757 $6,845 $5,302 $5,581 $3,948 $9,698 $9,974 $4,248 $5,076 $4,306 $5,803 $8,129 $4,993 $5,946 $9,792 $7,221 $8,371 $5,343 $5,365 $6,450 $4,059 $10,485 $7,008 $5,986 $4,406 $6,413 $3,554 Percentage Change 2006-07 1-Year 3-Year 5-Year $5,804 $4,906 $4,194 $4,674 $5,314 $4,549 $4,772 $7,135 $7,403 $3,210 $3,315 $3,909 $4,227 $4,156 $8,058 $6,555 $5,900 $5,213 $5,764 $3,770 $6,616 $7,216 $7,583 $7,673 $7,518 $4,450 $6,526 $5,258 $5,229 $3,645 $9,127 $9,331 $4,056 $5,041 $4,067 $5,512 $8,112 $4,432 $5,576 $9,051 $6,787 $7,913 $4,969 $4,973 $5,985 $3,816 $9,783 $6,556 $5,670 $4,166 $6,042 $3,515 8.3% 8.4% 3.7% 16.8% 5.4% 20.5% 10.9% 2.5% 9.1% 0.0% 11.8% 15.9% 12.0% 6.6% 5.8% 4.3% 5.7% 5.0% 5.9% 8.2% 4.6% 3.3% 7.2% 6.9% 6.2% 7.1% 5.5% 4.7% 5.1% 13.7% 13.1% 3.4% 6.4% 7.3% 6.8% 4.2% 3.5% 5.4% 7.5% 6.6% 7.4% 2.4% 8.8% 10.5% 4.3% 7.6% 4.8% 9.2% 15.7% 5.9% 6.3% 5.0% 25.1% 33.9% 16.6% 68.8% 12.4% 66.0% 35.5% 14.4% 26.6% 85.7% 47.1% 52.9% 43.4% 23.2% 15.8% 15.4% 17.6% 15.8% 16.9% 25.8% 15.8% 8.1% 23.5% 18.7% 19.8% 14.6% 6.1% 10.1% 16.4% 37.5% 31.2% 12.0% 20.7% 21.3% 29.5% 12.1% 9.4% 7.4% 28.0% 16.7% 29.5% 12.8% 20.6% 26.8% 16.8% 23.8% 15.3% 26.9% 47.4% 17.5% 20.6% 13.9% 42.0% 62.9% 30.1% 101.7% 25.1% 98.3% 64.5% 28.9% 41.8% 118.1% 69.7% 74.2% 97.6% 36.7% 44.0% 27.1% 28.2% 33.5% 38.2% 35.9% 41.4% 10.8% 34.2% 41.2% 32.6% 27.4% 17.5% 11.7% 32.6% 65.8% 48.0% 29.0% 34.5% 23.2% 39.8% 24.2% 9.8% 36.7% 43.3% 33.5% 47.4% 30.2% 38.3% 45.0% 35.0% 38.7% 33.7% 46.7% 67.3% 32.8% 35.6% 17.4% Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6c Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations for Higher Education by State Table 3: Enrollment-Weighted Average Published Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Private Nonprofit Four-Year Institutions by State, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2006-07 to 2011-12 Private Nonprofit Four-Year Tuition and Fees Percentage Change State 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 1-Year 3-Year 5-Year U.S Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming $28,500 $18,719 $25,406 $26,712 $18,250 $35,766 $33,129 $35,991 $13,888 $35,581 $26,494 $26,029 $12,610 $6,614 $28,903 $29,578 $26,551 $21,042 $22,171 $30,024 $31,414 $34,269 $36,724 $19,414 $31,462 $14,635 $24,476 $22,987 $20,213 $25,370 $33,761 $32,447 $31,656 $33,151 $27,015 $14,700 $28,376 $22,415 $31,827 $32,559 $33,943 $21,951 $22,926 $23,485 $26,828 $6,198 $33,643 $24,683 $31,618 $18,606 $27,239 — $27,265 $17,632 $24,675 $25,583 $17,217 $34,286 $32,038 $34,542 $13,453 $34,223 $25,386 $24,898 $12,068 $6,360 $27,503 $28,260 $25,290 $20,024 $21,114 $28,823 $30,406 $32,841 $35,255 $18,638 $29,978 $14,102 $23,518 $21,780 $19,347 $24,560 $32,361 $31,035 $30,777 $31,742 $25,793 $14,246 $27,135 $20,936 $30,204 $31,272 $32,777 $20,982 $21,862 $22,446 $25,234 $5,981 $32,470 $23,216 $30,160 $17,906 $26,021 — $26,129 $16,496 $23,031 $24,548 $16,744 $32,826 $31,098 $33,135 $13,432 $32,624 $24,432 $23,898 $11,451 $6,213 $26,272 $27,076 $24,198 $19,095 $19,974 $27,252 $29,377 $31,744 $33,793 $17,728 $28,675 $13,533 $22,673 $20,749 $19,337 $22,978 $31,311 $29,476 $29,647 $30,490 $24,755 $13,778 $26,104 $19,725 $28,980 $30,114 $30,714 $20,301 $20,541 $21,427 $23,765 $5,682 $31,164 $22,686 $28,824 $16,715 $24,916 — $25,177 $15,604 $21,522 $24,056 $15,737 $31,651 $29,822 $31,902 $12,741 $31,379 $23,492 $22,939 $10,922 $6,027 $25,048 $26,078 $23,526 $18,101 $19,121 $26,424 $28,524 $30,404 $32,500 $17,619 $27,294 $13,315 $21,785 $19,825 $18,699 $22,978 $29,812 $28,318 $27,049 $29,223 $23,597 $13,187 $25,119 $18,613 $27,905 $28,941 $29,724 $19,701 $19,631 $20,538 $22,509 $5,353 $29,812 $22,071 $27,546 $16,644 $23,858 — $23,745 $14,669 $20,069 $20,432 $14,722 $29,846 $28,699 $30,234 $12,402 $29,837 $22,264 $21,560 $10,426 $5,614 $23,555 $24,810 $22,221 $17,125 $17,956 $24,694 $27,364 $28,256 $30,941 $16,920 $25,560 $12,798 $20,649 $18,379 $17,424 $22,305 $28,263 $26,808 $25,965 $27,518 $22,082 $11,682 $23,719 $17,249 $26,654 $27,256 $28,047 $18,641 $18,447 $19,518 $20,774 $4,976 $28,176 $21,145 $25,772 $16,097 $22,540 — $22,308 $13,512 $16,731 $20,003 $13,801 $28,077 $26,731 $28,547 $11,573 $27,658 $21,192 $20,124 $9,835 $5,326 $22,167 $23,545 $20,745 $16,150 $16,926 $22,122 $26,635 $26,497 $29,299 $15,964 $23,916 $12,263 $19,482 $17,093 $16,752 $20,873 $26,841 $25,175 $24,252 $25,446 $20,790 $11,171 $22,396 $16,256 $25,018 $25,675 $26,541 $17,588 $17,393 $18,484 $19,276 $4,649 $25,629 $20,396 $24,147 $15,488 $21,385 — 4.5% 6.2% 3.0% 4.4% 6.0% 4.3% 3.4% 4.2% 3.2% 4.0% 4.4% 4.5% 4.5% 4.0% 5.1% 4.7% 5.0% 5.1% 5.0% 4.2% 3.3% 4.3% 4.2% 4.2% 5.0% 3.8% 4.1% 5.5% 4.5% 3.3% 4.3% 4.5% 2.9% 4.4% 4.7% 3.2% 4.6% 7.1% 5.4% 4.1% 3.6% 4.6% 4.9% 4.6% 6.3% 3.6% 3.6% 6.3% 4.8% 3.9% 4.7% N/A 13.2% 20.0% 18.0% 11.0% 16.0% 13.0% 11.1% 12.8% 9.0% 13.4% 12.8% 13.5% 15.5% 9.7% 15.4% 13.4% 12.9% 16.2% 16.0% 13.6% 10.1% 12.7% 13.0% 10.2% 15.3% 9.9% 12.4% 15.9% 8.1% 10.4% 13.2% 14.6% 17.0% 13.4% 14.5% 11.5% 13.0% 20.4% 14.1% 12.5% 14.2% 11.4% 16.8% 14.3% 19.2% 15.8% 12.9% 11.8% 14.8% 11.8% 14.2% N/A 27.8% 38.5% 51.8% 33.5% 32.2% 27.4% 23.9% 26.1% 20.0% 28.6% 25.0% 29.3% 28.2% 24.2% 30.4% 25.6% 28.0% 30.3% 31.0% 35.7% 17.9% 29.3% 25.3% 21.6% 31.6% 19.3% 25.6% 34.5% 20.7% 21.5% 25.8% 28.9% 30.5% 30.3% 29.9% 31.6% 26.7% 37.9% 27.2% 26.8% 27.9% 24.8% 31.8% 27.1% 39.2% 33.3% 31.3% 21.0% 30.9% 20.1% 27.4% N/A Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6c 10 POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF College Board Advocacy & Policy Center July 2012 Table 4a: Published In-State Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Flagship Universities, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2007-08 to 2011-12 In-State Tuition and Fees State Name 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 1-Year Percentage Change Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky University of Alabama University of Alaska Fairbanks University of Arizona University of Arkansas University of California–Berkeley University of Colorado at Boulder University of Connecticut University of Delaware University of Florida University of Georgia University of Hawaii at Manoa University of Idaho University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Indiana University Bloomington University of Iowa University of Kansas University of Kentucky Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College University of Maine University of Maryland: College Park University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Michigan University of Minnesota, Twin Cities University of Mississippi University of Missouri University of Montana University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nevada, Reno University of New Hampshire Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey: New Brunswick/Piscataway Campus University of New Mexico State University of New York at Buffalo University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of North Dakota Ohio State University: Columbus Campus University of Oklahoma University of Oregon Penn State University Park University of Rhode Island University of South Carolina University of South Dakota University of Tennessee, Knoxville University of Texas at Austin University of Utah University of Vermont University of Virginia University of Washington West Virginia University University of Wisconsin–Madison University of Wyoming $8,600 $5,570 $9,299 $7,174 $12,835 $10,098 $10,670 $11,192 $5,657 $8,693 $9,100 $5,856 $13,838 $9,524 $7,765 $8,452 $9,128 $7,900 $5,316 $8,237 $6,768 $10,940 $9,390 $10,416 $10,208 $5,045 $7,338 $8,096 $5,402 $13,096 $9,028 $7,417 $7,980 $8,610 $7,000 $5,133 $6,855 $6,459 $9,749 $7,932 $9,886 $9,486 $4,373 $6,172 $7,168 $4,932 $12,528 $8,613 $6,824 $7,673 $8,123 $6,400 $4,828 $5,531 $6,400 $7,656 $7,278 $9,338 $8,646 $3,790 $5,532 $6,259 $4,632 $12,240 $8,231 $6,544 $7,275 $7,736 $5,700 $4,496 $5,037 $6,038 $7,164 $7,317 $8,842 $8,150 $3,370 $5,259 $5,390 $4,410 $11,130 $7,837 $6,293 $7,146 $7,096 8.9% 4.8% 12.9% 6.0% 17.3% 7.5% 2.4% 9.6% 12.1% 18.5% 12.4% 8.4% 5.7% 5.5% 4.7% 5.9% 6.0% Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming $5,870 $5,764 $5,233 $5,086 $4,543 1.8% $10,588 $8,655 $12,797 $13,961 $13,022 $5,792 $8,989 $5,722 $7,563 $6,176 $15,250 $12,754 $10,142 $8,416 $11,917 $13,152 $12,203 $5,439 $8,501 $5,476 $7,224 $5,561 $13,672 $12,582 $9,626 $8,053 $11,917 $12,662 $11,287 $5,106 $8,501 $5,330 $6,857 $4,901 $12,743 $11,886 $9,100 $8,005 $10,417 $11,037 $10,634 $5,107 $8,485 $5,150 $6,585 $4,561 $11,756 $11,540 $8,330 $7,969 $9,924 $10,447 $9,885 $4,932 $8,099 $5,141 $6,216 $4,029 $11,070 $10,686 4.4% 2.8% 7.4% 6.2% 6.7% 6.5% 5.7% 4.5% 4.7% 11.1% 11.5% 1.4% $5,809 $7,482 $7,008 $7,092 $9,735 $7,829 $8,789 $17,053 $11,366 $10,168 $7,209 $8,456 $9,794 $6,763 $14,784 $11,576 $10,826 $5,674 $9,665 $4,125 $5,506 $7,136 $6,671 $6,934 $9,420 $7,428 $8,190 $16,319 $10,476 $9,786 $6,762 $7,382 $9,416 $6,274 $14,066 $10,628 $8,973 $5,406 $8,983 $3,927 $5,101 $7,013 $5,625 $6,726 $8,726 $6,929 $7,428 $15,308 $9,528 $9,156 $6,468 $6,855 $8,930 $5,746 $13,554 $9,672 $7,964 $5,304 $8,310 $3,726 $4,834 $6,285 $5,397 $6,513 $8,679 $7,423 $6,435 $14,561 $8,678 $8,838 $5,828 $6,250 $8,532 $5,285 $12,844 $9,505 $6,907 $5,100 $7,568 $3,621 $4,571 $6,218 $5,340 $6,130 $8,676 $6,507 $6,168 $13,639 $8,184 $8,346 $5,393 $5,932 $7,670 $4,987 $12,054 $8,500 $6,385 $4,722 $7,188 $3,554 5.5% 4.8% 5.1% 2.3% 3.3% 5.4% 7.3% 4.5% 8.5% 3.9% 6.6% 14.5% 4.0% 7.8% 5.1% 8.9% 20.7% 5.0% 7.6% 5.0% Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6d 11 Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations for Higher Education by State Table 4b: Published Out-of-State Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Flagship Universities, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2007-08 to 2011-12 Out-of-State Tuition and Fees State Name 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 1-Year Percentage Change Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana University of Alabama University of Alaska Fairbanks University of Arizona University of Arkansas University of California–Berkeley University of Colorado at Boulder University of Connecticut University of Delaware University of Florida University of Georgia University of Hawaii at Manoa University of Idaho University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Indiana University Bloomington University of Iowa University of Kansas University of Kentucky Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College University of Maine University of Maryland, College Park University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Michigan University of Minnesota, Twin Cities University of Mississippi University of Missouri University of Montana University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nevada, Reno University of New Hampshire Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey: New Brunswick/Piscataway Campus University of New Mexico State University of New York at Buffalo University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of North Dakota Ohio State University: Columbus Campus University of Oklahoma University of Oregon Penn State University Park University of Rhode Island University of South Carolina University of South Dakota University of Tennessee, Knoxville University of Texas at Austin University of Utah University of Vermont University of Virginia University of Washington West Virginia University University of Wisconsin–Madison University of Wyoming $21,900 $17,210 $25,509 $17,606 $35,713 $30,330 $27,566 $27,462 $27,934 $27,682 $23,932 $18,376 $27,980 $29,540 $25,099 $22,608 $18,740 $18,878 $20,500 $15,906 $24,597 $16,000 $33,819 $29,493 $26,880 $25,408 $27,322 $26,946 $21,536 $16,994 $27,238 $27,689 $23,713 $21,538 $17,678 $16,549 $19,200 $15,036 $22,572 $15,445 $32,418 $28,193 $25,584 $23,408 $23,744 $25,946 $19,328 $15,111 $26,336 $26,173 $22,445 $20,185 $16,723 $14,415 $18,000 $14,248 $18,665 $15,278 $28,264 $26,756 $24,050 $21,126 $20,640 $22,343 $16,915 $14,712 $26,024 $24,769 $20,658 $18,909 $15,884 $13,800 $16,518 $13,466 $16,271 $14,492 $26,784 $24,797 $22,786 $19,400 $17,791 $20,726 $14,654 $14,490 $25,216 $22,316 $19,465 $17,556 $14,896 $12,843 6.8% 8.2% 3.7% 10.0% 5.6% 2.8% 2.6% 8.1% 2.2% 2.7% 11.1% 8.1% 2.7% 6.7% 5.8% 5.0% 6.0% 14.1% $26,308 $26,026 $25,585 $37,782 $18,022 $14,797 $21,784 $20,099 $19,848 $19,771 $28,570 $25,416 $25,172 $24,831 $23,813 $36,001 $16,503 $13,894 $20,516 $19,172 $18,924 $18,851 $27,642 $24,044 $23,972 $24,156 $23,414 $34,937 $15,529 $13,046 $19,682 $17,794 $17,926 $17,698 $26,992 $22,834 $22,510 $23,076 $21,914 $33,069 $14,634 $12,468 $19,558 $16,425 $17,205 $15,656 $25,236 $21,488 $20,540 $22,208 $20,499 $31,301 $21,515 $11,436 $18,755 $15,504 $16,236 $14,839 $24,030 $19,854 4.5% 4.8% 7.4% 4.9% 9.2% 6.5% 6.2% 4.8% 4.9% 4.9% 3.4% 5.7% $19,999 $16,932 $26,834 $16,767 $24,630 $19,278 $27,653 $28,066 $27,454 $26,352 $8,924 $25,298 $32,506 $21,389 $34,424 $35,898 $28,310 $17,844 $25,415 $12,855 $18,691 $15,546 $25,286 $16,373 $23,604 $18,295 $25,830 $27,114 $27,182 $25,362 $8,259 $22,420 $31,266 $19,841 $32,630 $32,902 $25,601 $17,002 $24,233 $12,237 $17,234 $15,036 $23,609 $15,862 $22,404 $17,704 $23,730 $25,972 $26,198 $23,732 $7,892 $20,646 $30,006 $18,193 $31,454 $31,326 $24,639 $16,402 $23,095 $11,697 $15,708 $12,545 $22,295 $15,325 $22,298 $17,404 $19,992 $24,940 $24,776 $22,908 $7,148 $18,908 $27,760 $16,601 $29,682 $29,798 $23,324 $15,770 $21,818 $11,031 $14,942 $12,478 $20,988 $14,523 $21,918 $15,621 $19,332 $23,712 $23,038 $21,632 $6,631 $17,874 $24,544 $15,662 $27,938 $27,515 $22,131 $14,600 $21,438 $10,394 7.0% 8.9% 6.1% 2.4% 4.3% 5.4% 7.1% 3.5% 1.0% 3.9% 8.1% 12.8% 4.0% 7.8% 5.5% 9.1% 10.6% 5.0% 4.9% 5.1% Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6d 12 POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF College Board Advocacy & Policy Center July 2012 Table 5: Total State Appropriations for Higher Education (in Thousands) by State, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2006-07 to 2011-12, Selected Years Total State Appropriations (in Thousands) State U.S Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Percentage Change 2011-12 2010-11 2006-07 1-Year 5-Year $72,543,813 $1,470,952 $355,185 $814,458 $903,590 $9,663,254 $647,496 $944,555 $213,194 $3,622,862 $2,631,581 $512,328 $333,670 $3,585,962 $1,549,460 $739,052 $739,612 $1,235,422 $1,290,048 $270,803 $1,605,769 $1,150,151 $1,641,659 $1,283,690 $954,184 $930,090 $202,105 $650,437 $473,256 $83,300 $1,998,300 $798,972 $4,673,772 $3,906,416 $343,964 $2,013,797 $945,260 $598,020 $1,826,879 $193,746 $859,409 $179,516 $1,414,996 $6,464,047 $728,929 $88,225 $1,624,027 $1,361,376 $536,383 $1,153,559 $336,098 $78,390,541 $1,543,661 $342,154 $1,087,207 $915,441 $11,169,670 $765,512 $1,076,131 $212,456 $4,117,296 $2,972,740 $511,556 $348,064 $3,200,025 $1,564,731 $758,712 $795,182 $1,279,424 $1,582,177 $276,690 $1,596,186 $1,214,704 $1,869,659 $1,381,065 $1,018,694 $1,000,998 $209,542 $653,935 $550,169 $137,555 $2,050,400 $847,234 $5,032,313 $4,055,333 $311,678 $2,282,711 $1,105,825 $650,163 $2,108,381 $171,275 $928,624 $196,616 $1,659,586 $6,270,812 $734,890 $94,227 $1,903,978 $1,592,882 $527,396 $1,330,088 $384,795 $75,377,603 $1,685,067 $286,003 $1,196,750 $796,304 $11,036,612 $689,786 $923,951 $233,226 $4,390,185 $2,774,268 $503,627 $375,282 $2,848,130 $1,456,514 $804,449 $788,721 $1,253,992 $1,459,847 $256,024 $1,450,215 $1,256,793 $2,035,388 $1,400,500 $879,466 $978,772 $171,369 $604,026 $593,776 $123,966 $1,973,721 $954,683 $4,568,118 $3,466,353 $215,719 $2,208,184 $1,033,365 $640,984 $2,153,998 $196,361 $1,127,265 $178,778 $1,505,274 $5,709,137 $718,209 $85,923 $1,854,731 $1,631,059 $455,445 $1,170,359 $276,930 -7.5% -4.7% 3.8% -25.1% -1.3% -13.5% -15.4% -12.2% 0.3% -12.0% -11.5% 0.2% -4.1% 12.1% -1.0% -2.6% -7.0% -3.4% -18.5% -2.1% 0.6% -5.3% -12.2% -7.1% -6.3% -7.1% -3.5% -0.5% -14.0% -39.4% -2.5% -5.7% -7.1% -3.7% 10.4% -11.8% -14.5% -8.0% -13.4% 13.1% -7.5% -8.7% -14.7% 3.1% -0.8% -6.4% -14.7% -14.5% 1.7% -13.3% -12.7% -3.8% -12.7% 24.2% -31.9% 13.5% -12.4% -6.1% 2.2% -8.6% -17.5% -5.1% 1.7% -11.1% 25.9% 6.4% -8.1% -6.2% -1.5% -11.6% 5.8% 10.7% -8.5% -19.3% -8.3% 8.5% -5.0% 17.9% 7.7% -20.3% -32.8% 1.2% -16.3% 2.3% 12.7% 59.5% -8.8% -8.5% -6.7% -15.2% -1.3% -23.8% 0.4% -6.0% 13.2% 1.5% 2.7% -12.4% -16.5% 17.8% -1.4% 21.4% Source: Illinois State University, Grapevine Data, Table 13 Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations for Higher Education by State Table 6: Total Fall Enrollment at Public Degree-Granting Institutions by State, 2000 to 2010, Selected Years Fall Enrollment at Public Degree-Granting Institutions State U.S Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Percentage Change 2010 2009 2005 2000 1-Year 5-Year 10-Year 15,142,809 267,083 32,303 366,976 155,780 2,223,648 269,407 127,194 40,408 5,840 790,027 436,109 60,090 64,204 585,515 337,705 177,781 185,623 229,725 224,811 51,482 309,779 224,493 562,444 276,176 159,695 256,119 48,261 107,980 113,103 44,072 358,256 150,856 723,500 475,598 48,904 547,551 197,642 208,002 432,889 43,224 205,080 44,569 242,486 1,334,885 178,599 27,524 409,004 330,874 96,104 301,212 36,292 14,810,642 260,277 30,493 350,435 149,474 2,289,470 255,438 123,211 40,428 5,253 759,479 418,037 57,945 63,261 588,741 325,072 170,870 182,736 221,508 215,511 49,668 298,185 218,999 553,022 270,336 155,517 245,568 46,653 104,149 112,397 43,507 348,934 143,101 712,466 470,239 46,727 522,002 189,953 201,246 425,979 43,409 200,204 41,674 231,741 1,258,841 170,921 27,028 401,093 328,391 94,533 295,090 35,682 13,021,834 228,153 28,866 320,865 128,117 2,008,155 234,509 111,705 38,682 5,595 648,999 342,012 50,157 60,303 555,149 267,298 148,907 170,319 201,579 181,043 47,519 256,073 188,295 505,586 240,853 135,896 217,722 42,997 93,181 100,043 41,007 304,315 120,976 626,222 396,755 42,808 453,001 179,225 163,752 380,271 40,008 174,686 37,548 200,394 1,081,335 148,960 24,090 349,195 296,756 85,148 268,928 32,611 11,752,786 207,435 26,559 284,522 101,775 1,927,771 217,897 101,027 34,194 5,499 556,912 271,755 44,579 53,751 534,155 240,023 135,008 159,976 151,973 189,213 40,662 223,797 183,248 467,861 218,617 125,355 201,509 37,387 88,531 83,120 35,870 266,921 101,450 583,417 329,422 36,014 411,161 153,699 154,756 339,229 38,458 155,519 34,857 202,530 896,534 123,046 20,021 313,780 273,928 76,136 249,737 28,715 2.2% 2.6% 5.9% 4.7% 4.2% -2.9% 5.5% 3.2% 0.0% 11.2% 4.0% 4.3% 3.7% 1.5% -0.5% 3.9% 4.0% 1.6% 3.7% 4.3% 3.7% 3.9% 2.5% 1.7% 2.2% 2.7% 4.3% 3.4% 3.7% 0.6% 1.3% 2.7% 5.4% 1.5% 1.1% 4.7% 4.9% 4.0% 3.4% 1.6% -0.4% 2.4% 6.9% 4.6% 6.0% 4.5% 1.8% 2.0% 0.8% 1.7% 2.1% 1.7% 16.3% 17.1% 11.9% 14.4% 21.6% 10.7% 14.9% 13.9% 4.5% 4.4% 21.7% 27.5% 19.8% 6.5% 5.5% 26.3% 19.4% 9.0% 14.0% 24.2% 8.3% 21.0% 19.2% 11.2% 14.7% 17.5% 17.6% 12.2% 15.9% 13.1% 7.5% 17.7% 24.7% 15.5% 19.9% 14.2% 20.9% 10.3% 27.0% 13.8% 8.0% 17.4% 18.7% 21.0% 23.4% 19.9% 14.3% 17.1% 11.5% 12.9% 12.0% 11.3% 28.8% 28.8% 21.6% 29.0% 53.1% 15.3% 23.6% 25.9% 18.2% 6.2% 41.9% 60.5% 34.8% 19.4% 9.6% 40.7% 31.7% 16.0% 51.2% 18.8% 26.6% 38.4% 22.5% 20.2% 26.3% 27.4% 27.1% 29.1% 22.0% 36.1% 22.9% 34.2% 48.7% 24.0% 44.4% 35.8% 33.2% 28.6% 34.4% 27.6% 12.4% 31.9% 27.9% 19.7% 48.9% 45.1% 37.5% 30.3% 20.8% 26.2% 20.6% 26.4% Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2011, Table 224; Digest of Education Statistics 2008, Table 215; Digest of Education Statistics 2002, Table 196 14 POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF College Board Advocacy & Policy Center July 2012 Table 7a: Total Fall Enrollment at Public Two-Year Degree-Granting Institutions by State, 2000 to 2010, Selected Years Public Two-Year Fall Enrollment State U.S Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Percentage Change 2010 2009 2005 2000 1-Year 5-Year 10-Year 7,218,038 97,814 836 230,220 61,785 1,582,109 105,513 58,253 15,474 — 126,779 174,543 29,836 14,824 380,500 105,914 106,380 85,298 106,399 79,701 17,838 147,376 104,951 260,710 138,241 82,817 111,528 10,761 49,612 12,587 14,909 180,406 86,958 328,708 253,871 7,011 207,216 72,350 108,884 151,119 17,775 101,880 6,438 97,945 710,864 45,904 6,738 197,004 161,301 22,733 116,044 23,381 7,101,445 93,856 820 218,072 59,569 1,629,609 96,793 55,112 15,681 — 179,631 164,321 28,089 14,678 383,960 99,911 100,635 82,702 100,112 71,150 16,239 140,223 102,321 254,782 134,458 81,798 104,360 11,032 46,707 12,942 13,851 177,173 81,369 317,122 247,917 6,623 196,676 68,323 107,241 147,876 17,760 98,697 6,173 92,226 662,634 47,278 6,299 190,854 157,447 21,728 113,360 23,255 6,184,229 78,401 1,101 200,845 47,771 1,398,758 79,803 46,227 13,978 — 277,446 144,594 22,330 12,014 352,824 59,969 82,118 74,262 84,669 33,514 12,435 119,246 84,209 215,585 110,324 66,298 86,742 9,134 40,220 16,371 13,750 151,885 64,137 271,308 200,507 9,205 173,962 65,617 80,513 124,077 16,042 78,883 5,485 74,829 543,491 35,796 5,515 154,967 190,423 17,807 115,357 19,485 5,697,388 70,443 1,163 178,680 32,549 1,375,900 79,735 40,817 12,019 — 318,723 104,269 23,777 10,096 340,372 50,308 65,746 70,541 48,536 42,220 7,569 103,361 81,224 192,051 102,119 61,361 79,219 5,328 35,681 44,952 10,480 124,585 51,765 247,414 166,661 8,122 157,191 58,182 83,588 99,273 15,583 68,251 4,975 86,041 460,004 27,299 4,412 138,039 181,107 6,169 102,516 16,972 1.6% 4.2% 2.0% 5.6% 3.7% -2.9% 9.0% 5.7% -1.3% N/A -29.4% 6.2% 6.2% 1.0% -0.9% 6.0% 5.7% 3.1% 6.3% 12.0% 9.8% 5.1% 2.6% 2.3% 2.8% 1.2% 6.9% -2.5% 6.2% -2.7% 7.6% 1.8% 6.9% 3.7% 2.4% 5.9% 5.4% 5.9% 1.5% 2.2% 0.1% 3.2% 4.3% 6.2% 7.3% -2.9% 7.0% 3.2% 2.4% 4.6% 2.4% 0.5% 16.7% 24.8% -24.1% 14.6% 29.3% 13.1% 32.2% 26.0% 10.7% N/A -54.3% 20.7% 33.6% 23.4% 7.8% 76.6% 29.5% 14.9% 25.7% 137.8% 43.4% 23.6% 24.6% 20.9% 25.3% 24.9% 28.6% 17.8% 23.4% -23.1% 8.4% 18.8% 35.6% 21.2% 26.6% -23.8% 19.1% 10.3% 35.2% 21.8% 10.8% 29.2% 17.4% 30.9% 30.8% 28.2% 22.2% 27.1% -15.3% 27.7% 0.6% 20.0% 26.7% 38.9% -28.1% 28.8% 89.8% 15.0% 32.3% 42.7% 28.7% N/A -60.2% 67.4% 25.5% 46.8% 11.8% 110.5% 61.8% 20.9% 119.2% 88.8% 135.7% 42.6% 29.2% 35.8% 35.4% 35.0% 40.8% 102.0% 39.0% -72.0% 42.3% 44.8% 68.0% 32.9% 52.3% -13.7% 31.8% 24.4% 30.3% 52.2% 14.1% 49.3% 29.4% 13.8% 54.5% 68.2% 52.7% 42.7% -10.9% 268.5% 13.2% 37.8% Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2011, Table 224; Digest of Education Statistics 2008, Table 215; Digest of Education Statistics 2002, Table 196 15 Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations for Higher Education by State Table 7b: Total Fall Enrollment at Public Four-Year Degree-Granting Institutions by State, 2000 to 2010, Selected Years Public Four-Year Fall Enrollment State U.S Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Percentage Change 2010 2009 2005 2000 1-Year 5-Year 10-Year 7,924,771 169,269 31,467 136,756 93,995 641,539 163,894 68,941 24,934 5,840 663,248 261,566 30,254 49,380 205,015 231,791 71,401 100,325 123,326 145,110 33,644 162,403 119,542 301,734 137,935 76,878 144,591 37,500 58,368 100,516 29,163 177,850 63,898 394,792 221,727 41,893 340,335 125,292 99,118 281,770 25,449 103,200 38,131 144,541 624,021 132,695 20,786 212,000 169,573 73,371 185,168 12,911 7,709,197 166,421 29,673 132,363 89,905 659,861 158,645 68,099 24,747 5,253 579,848 253,716 29,856 48,583 204,781 225,161 70,235 100,034 121,396 144,361 33,429 157,962 116,678 298,240 135,878 73,719 141,208 35,621 57,442 99,455 29,656 171,761 61,732 395,344 222,322 40,104 325,326 121,630 94,005 278,103 25,649 101,507 35,501 139,515 596,207 123,643 20,729 210,239 170,944 72,805 181,730 12,427 6,837,605 149,752 27,765 120,020 80,346 609,397 154,706 65,478 24,704 5,595 371,553 197,418 27,827 48,289 202,325 207,329 66,789 96,057 116,910 147,529 35,084 136,827 104,086 290,001 130,529 69,598 130,980 33,863 52,961 83,672 27,257 152,430 56,839 354,914 196,248 33,603 279,039 113,608 83,239 256,194 23,966 95,803 32,063 125,565 537,844 113,164 18,575 194,228 106,333 67,341 153,571 13,126 6,055,398 136,992 25,396 105,842 69,226 551,871 138,162 60,210 22,175 5,499 238,189 167,486 20,802 43,655 193,783 189,715 69,262 89,435 103,437 146,993 33,093 120,436 102,024 275,810 116,498 63,994 122,290 32,059 52,850 38,168 25,390 142,336 49,685 336,003 162,761 27,892 253,970 95,517 71,168 239,956 22,875 87,268 29,882 116,489 436,530 95,747 15,609 175,741 92,821 69,967 147,221 11,743 2.8% 1.7% 6.0% 3.3% 4.5% -2.8% 3.3% 1.2% 0.8% 11.2% 14.4% 3.1% 1.3% 1.6% 0.1% 2.9% 1.7% 0.3% 1.6% 0.5% 0.6% 2.8% 2.5% 1.2% 1.5% 4.3% 2.4% 5.3% 1.6% 1.1% -1.7% 3.5% 3.5% -0.1% -0.3% 4.5% 4.6% 3.0% 5.4% 1.3% -0.8% 1.7% 7.4% 3.6% 4.7% 7.3% 0.3% 0.8% -0.8% 0.8% 1.9% 3.9% 15.9% 13.0% 13.3% 13.9% 17.0% 5.3% 5.9% 5.3% 0.9% 4.4% 78.5% 32.5% 8.7% 2.3% 1.3% 11.8% 6.9% 4.4% 5.5% -1.6% -4.1% 18.7% 14.8% 4.0% 5.7% 10.5% 10.4% 10.7% 10.2% 20.1% 7.0% 16.7% 12.4% 11.2% 13.0% 24.7% 22.0% 10.3% 19.1% 10.0% 6.2% 7.7% 18.9% 15.1% 16.0% 17.3% 11.9% 9.2% 59.5% 9.0% 20.6% -1.6% 30.9% 23.6% 23.9% 29.2% 35.8% 16.2% 18.6% 14.5% 12.4% 6.2% 178.5% 56.2% 45.4% 13.1% 5.8% 22.2% 3.1% 12.2% 19.2% -1.3% 1.7% 34.8% 17.2% 9.4% 18.4% 20.1% 18.2% 17.0% 10.4% 163.4% 14.9% 25.0% 28.6% 17.5% 36.2% 50.2% 34.0% 31.2% 39.3% 17.4% 11.3% 18.3% 27.6% 24.1% 43.0% 38.6% 33.2% 20.6% 82.7% 4.9% 25.8% 9.9% Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2011, Table 224; Digest of Education Statistics 2008, Table 215; Digest of Education Statistics 2002, Table 196 16 POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF About Trends in Higher Education The Trends series helps answer critical questions on college affordability Are college prices rising at an unprecedented rate? How much does student financial aid help students cover the costs of attending college? The data provided in Trends and the accompanying commentary can inform policymakers, researchers, student advocates, and others in their analyses of these issues http://trends.collegeboard.org Contact Information for the Authors Jennifer Ma jma@collegeboard.org Sandy Baum sbaum@skidmore.edu About the College Board The College Board is a mission-driven notfor-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education Today, the membership association is made up of over 6,000 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success — including the SAT® and the Advanced Placement Program® The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators and schools The College Board Advocacy & Policy Center was established to help transform education in America Guided by the College Board’s principles of excellence and equity in education, we work to ensure that students from all backgrounds have the opportunity to succeed in college and beyond We make critical connections between policy, research and real-world practice to develop innovative solutions to the most pressing challenges in education today advocacy.collegeboard.org For further information, visit www.collegeboard.org © 2012 The College Board College Board, Advanced Placement Program, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org 12b-5761