Physical testing of textiles B P Saville
The Bextile Institue
Trang 6Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited in association with The Textile Institute Woodhead Publishing Limited
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-
ISBN 978- 85573-367-1 (print) 84569-015-1 (online)
Trang 7Contents Preface Acknowledgements Introduction
Reasons for textile testing
Checking raw materials
Monitoring production
Assessing the final product
Investigation of faulty material
Product development and research Standardisation of testing
Variation in the material
Variation caused by the test method Sampling
Terms used in sampling Fibre sampling from bulk
Trang 8vi 2 21 2.2 221 222 2322 23 2.3.1 23.2 2343 234 24 241 2.4.2 243 25 2.6 3 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 3.2.10 3.3 3.3.1 3.4 3.4.1 as 3.5.1 3.5.2 lô 3.5.4 Contents Textiles and moisture Introduction Effect of moisture on physical properties Dimensional Mechanical Electrical Atmospheric moisture Vapour pressure Relative humidity Standard atmosphere
Measurement of atmospheric moisture Regain and moisture content
Regain — humidity relations of textiles Factors affecting the regain
Methods of measuring regain
Correct invoice weight
Control of testing room atmosphere References Fibre dimensions Fibre fineness Fineness measurement Gravimetric
Fibre fineness by projection microscope Fibre fineness by the airflow method Cotton fineness by airflow
Cotton maturity
1C/Shirley fineness and maturity tester
Optical fibre diameter analyser Light-scattering methods Vibration method Wool quality Fibre length Mean length
Methods of measurement: direct methods
WIRA fibre length machine
Methods of measurement: tuft methods Cotton grading
Comb sorter
Trang 93.5.5 3.5.6 3.6 41 411 412 4.143 414 4.1.5 4.2.1 422 443.1 432 4343 43.4 441 4.4.2 4443 45.1 46 4.6.1 4.6.2 SA 5.21 5.2.2 523 5.2.4 5.2.5 Contents WIRA fibre diagram machine Almeter High-volume instruments General reading References Yarn tests Linear density Direct system Indirect system Folded yarns
Measuring linear density
Linear density from a fabric sample Twist Level of twist Measuring twist Yarn evenness Visual examination
Cut and weigh methods
Trang 105.8.1 5111 5.11.4 Contents Breaking length Elongation Strain Extension percentage Gauge length Force elongation curve Yield point Modulus Work of rupture Time dependence Elastic recovery
Factors affecting tensile testing Type of testing machine
Specimen length
Rate of loading and time to break
Effect of humidity and temperature
Previous history of the specimen Clamping problems Fibre strength Single fibre strength Bundle strength Yarn strength
‘Yarn strength: single strand method Yarn strength: skein method Fabric strength
Strip strength Grab test Tear tests
Measuring tearing strength Single rip tear test
Wing rip tear test Elmendorf tear tester
Bursting strength
Diaphragm bursting test
Ball bursting strength
Stretch and recovery properties Seam strength
Seam slippage
Seam slippage tests Fixed load method Upholstery seam slippage General reading