ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY Volume INTRODUCING PHONOLOGY INTRODUCING PHONOLOGY PETER HAWKINS First published in 1984 by Hutchinson & Co (Publishers) Ltd This edition first published in 2019 by Routledge Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 1984 Peter Hawkins All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: ISBN: ISBN: ISBN: 978-1-138-60364-6 978-0-429-43708-3 978-1-138-60405-6 978-0-429-46871-1 (Set) (Set) (ebk) (Volume 7) (hbk) (Volume 7) (ebk) Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace Introducing Phonology Peter Hawkins London First published in 1984 by Hutchinson & Co (Publishers) Ltd Reprinted in 1992 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE ©Peter Hawkins 1984 Set in Times Roman Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddies Ltd, Guildford and King's Lynn British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Hawkins, Peter Introducing phonology English language-Phonology I Title 421' PE1133 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hawkins, Peter Introducing phonology Bibliography: p Includes index Grammar, Comparative and general-Phonology English language-Phonology I Title P217.H34 1984 414 84-3826 ISBN 0-415-08397-4 Contents Preface List of transcription symbols for English 11 Phonemic and phonetic 15 Phonemes in sequence 50 Distinctive features 73 Neutralization, marking and language universals 104 Phonology and morphology 127 Connected speech 162 Intonation 193 Dialect, accent 226 Sound change 251 10 Acquisition, normal and delayed 276 Glossary of terms used in the description of speech sounds 298 Notes 301 Bibliography 309 Index 317 Preface Phonology is the study of sound patterns in language It stands alongside syntax, morphology, and semantics as one of the major branches of linguistics While closely linked to phonetics, it emphasizes the patterns of sounds to be found in any particular language (and in languages generally), and the relationships between those sounds, rather than the description of the sounds in articulatory or auditory terms (which is the subject-matter of phonetics) Phonology is also a major 6bmponent of several 'applied' fields such as variation between (and within) speakers of the same language ('dialects'), historical change, children's learning of their first language ('language acquisition'), and the teaching and learning of foreign languages Phonology is itself divided into two major components; segmental phonology, which is concerned with individual sounds (i.e 'segments' of speech) and their patterns, and suprasegmental (or non-segmental, as it is sometimes called) phonology whose domain is the larger units of connected speech: words, phrases and sentences The plan of this book is organized accordingly Chapters to are concerned with segmental phonology; Chapters and discuss suprasegmental aspects, including stress, rhythm and intonation The last three chapters are devoted to different fields of 'applied' phonology: Chapter to dialects; Chapter to historical change, i.e the sound changes which take place within a language over a period oftime; and Chapter 10 to language acquisition, with a focus on both 'normal' and 'delayed', or abnormal, development- the latter field being one which is now rapidly establishing itself, under the title of 'clinical phonology' The last three chapters are included not just because they discuss practical and applied aspects of phonology, but also because these areas provide much of the raw material which informs (or should inform) theoretical phonology The book is intended as an introductory course for first or second year university students or the equivalent It is not, however, intended ...ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY Volume INTRODUCING PHONOLOGY INTRODUCING PHONOLOGY PETER HAWKINS First published in 1984 by Hutchinson & Co (Publishers)... Publication Data Hawkins, Peter Introducing phonology English language -Phonology I Title 421' PE1133 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hawkins, Peter Introducing phonology Bibliography:... copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace Introducing Phonology Peter Hawkins London First published in 1984 by Hutchinson & Co (Publishers) Ltd