English_for_university_teachers.Part_1.Zolotova

Міністерство освіти і науки України Сумський державний університет English for University Teachers Part I Навчальні матеріали з англійської мови для для викладачів, які працюють з іноземними студентами Частина І Суми “Видавництво Сум ДУ” 2016 DEVELOP YOUR ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES Unit I HOW TO SUPPORT YOUR POINT OF VIEW AND PRESENT AN ARGUMENT …………………………… Unit II HOW TO INTERPRET DATA ……………………… 3 Unit III HOW TO DESCRIBE GRAPHS, CHARTS, AND STATISTICS…5 Unit IV HOW TO PREPARE A PRESENTATION…………… Unit V WORDS THAT JOIN IDEAS…………………………….12 Unit VI APPENDICES ………………………………………… 16 Unit I HOW TO SUPPORT YOUR POINT OF VIEW AND PRESENT AN ARGUMENT Useful tips to support your point of view: When you are presenting some idea or argument, it is necessary to include the following points: - Say the main point (s) in a topic sentence, e g Fair trade should be supported - General support, e.g It helps small producers in the developing world - A specific example, e.g Lami a fisherman from Indonesia, now has a small cooperative business with four other fishermen from the village Use expressions: for example, an illustration of this is…, one example of this is Read the paragraph about fair trade Which sentence(s) gives… a) the main point? b) the support? c) an example? 1) The fair trade movement improves the lives of people in the developing world 2) In particular, it helps small producers such as farmers and fishermen to plan their futures 3) One example of this is Antonio, a farmer in South America, who was given a guaranteed price for his coffee for two years 4) This meant he could calculate his profit margins and, as a result, invest in new equipment for future seasons Look at the notes Speak about street markets in Ukraine Give the statement and support your idea using the tips from a possibility to earn some extra money b more jobs c low paid areas d the increase of cheap consumerism e a lot of cheap low quality goods from Turkey f the decrease in the production of Ukrainian goods g the chance to solve the problem of clothes for schoolchildren Presenting an argument It is important to present arguments in a consistent way You can this by your viewpoint, i.e paragraph on the positive points, then paragraph on the negative points It is important to stage your arguments clearly Use words and phrases such as: The main argument (for/ against) is, In the first place, Firstly…, Another strong argument is…, It is also important to note that…, Another point is…, The second point to be considered is …, It is clear that…, Another strong argument is… Select the topic to speak about: - street trade in Ukraine, - the increase in the number of postgraduates in Ukrainian universities, - the second wave of emigration from Ukraine to foreign countries, - the advantages of modern communicative technologies in education - or choose the topic you like the best Developing an argument A Study the underlined words in examples – French food is very good In fact, many people think it's the best in the world Spanish food has some excellent dishes For instance, paella is famous all over the world Italian food tastes delicious What is more, it's cheap and easy to prepare Mexican food is becoming more and more popular However, some people find it a little too hot Japanese food is varied, healthy and tastes good In a word, it's excellent On the whole, I like Thai cooking very much The food in Portugal is very good At least, you can usually eat well near the coast English people want healthier diets Therefore, the food is slowly getting better B Now match the examples above with the definitions below Two have been done for you a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Explaining by giving an example Giving real/true/surprising information – Making a contrast Adding another, different idea Talking generally – Giving a result/consequence Defining more exactly Summarizing Keep in mind: for example, if I can give an example, for instance, in fact, as a matter of fact, actually, besides, what’s more, in addition to that, all the same, even so, however, in spite of this – while giving examples, and in short, to put it simply, in a word, at any rate, at least, therefore, as a result, so, because of this, on the whole, as a rule, in general – while summarizing C Study the text about smoking Fill in the gaps using words from the section B ( a – h ) There may be more than one possibility so look carefully at the whole text to see which words are best In general, I am a tolerant person (1) , in the case of smoking I think there should be more controls (2) _, I believe that it should be stopped completely I know that smoking gives people pleasure and it’s difficult to give up, but it does affect me as a non-smoker (3) , I have to pay extra for the health service with my taxes (4) , I can never find a smoke-free bar - they just don't seem to exist Now study this text about education Fill in the gaps using words from the section B There may be more than one possibility so look carefully at the whole text to see which words are best (5) , it seems That primary schools a good job in most countries But at high school level the problems start (6) , that’s the case in the U.S and Britain Maybe education could be improved if schools had to compete for customers in a free market The good ones would grow and the bad ones would close They would receive money from the state according to how many ‘customers’ (students) they could get (7) , schools would be privatized This system is not popular with teachers and (8) , it hasn’t really been tried But it could be trend for the future D Work in small groups Choose one of these topics then discuss it As you speak, try to use some of the language from section B - Should smoking be restricted, or is it a freedom? And what about controls on these “freedoms’’ – Is there a trend in your country for high schools to be privatized? What other changes are happening in your education system? E Choose a topic from the lists, or one of your own Discuss the topic Remember to include phrases from section B: new buildings in historic city centres, a new leisure technology, surviving on a desert island, job mobility, unemployment in your country, a current news item, UFOs Unit II HOW TO INTERPRET DATA Useful expressions for interpreting data: When you are interpreting figures, look first for general patterns - terms such as the majority, twice as many, the same (as) - approximations such as almost, nearly approximately, (just) over/ under Then look in more detail at the actual figures or values Are these real numbers, percentages, or other values? Identify equivalents, e.g one in ten = 10%, a quarter = 25% Read the information below What was the most popular subject for women and the least popular subject for men in both years? Arts Medicine Information Technology Enrolment statistics at Coral University 2000 – 2007 2006 – 2007 men women men women 495 989 560 1020 154 186 130 230 108 72 264 123 Law Economics 300 461 103 466 358 467 196 406 Read the text about changing trends at Coral University Complete paragraphs B and C with following words and expressions Just over, nearly, the same, just under, three-quarters, twice as many A There has been an overall rise in the number of students enrolling in higher education in the last twenty years The subject chosen by students reflect trends in the job market as well as changes in the students’ fields of interest and research B Statistics above shows the number of students enrolled at Coral University for the years 2000 – 2001 and 2006 – 2007, according to subject studied For the academic year 2000 – 2001, the most popular subjects for both men and women were in the arts, with (1) 500 men and approximately (2) women studying these subjects In economics the numbers of men and women were almost (3) However, engineering and technology were more popular with male students, with only119 women, compared with 245 men choosing these subjects Information technology was also more popular with men, with 108 male and 72 female students, and in law just under (4) _of the total number were men C The academic year 2006 – 2007 saw a general increase in student numbers, as most faculties registered a rise in enrolments For example, the number of men studying IT rose from 108 in 2000 to (5) 140 in 2006, and numbers studying law rose to over 350 men and (6) _ 200 women There were some decreases The number of men studying medicine dropped to 130, and the number of women studying economics also fell by 60, to 406 D It is predicted that this increase in student numbers and changing trends in subject choice will continue over the coming years Universities will expand to receive these growing numbers, and faculties will open III HOW TO DESCRIBE GRAPHS, CHARTS, AND STATISTICS Read and memorise some useful phrases From this slide you can see that there are three options On the next slide, you can see this year's sales figures Let's look at these figures more closely It's interesting to note that sales have increased dramatically I'll a quick breakdown for you on the flipchart Let me find the relevant slide Let me show you that clip again This graph shows the cash flow for the last quarter 75 per cent of readers like the gardening feature The main building is at the bottom of the plan Extras are listed on the left of the table First, the customer places an order The salesperson then sends the order to dispatch When the order is ready it is delivered to the customer 2 Look, read and keep in memory vocabulary items in bold 3 Match the following verbs with the words in the table: go up, decline, increase, rocket, level out, stabilise, fluctuate, decrease, go down, grow, reach a peak Describing a flow chart and a table Read the following descriptions and describe your own tables, graphs and charts which you will use at the lessons with foreign students The system can be seen in this flow chart, first, the customer places an order with the salesperson and the salesperson then sends the order to dispatch Next, the dispatch staff get the order ready and package it Finally, a delivery service picks it up and delivers it to the customer This table shows the extra features that come with the new Cheetah sports car The models are listed here in the top row and the extras are listed on the left As you can see, our up-to-date security system does not come with the Cheetah 1.4L but it does come with the Cheetah 1.6 L Also, we have not included the security system as an extra feature for the Cheetah 2.0L because we are offering the satellite navigation system in its place According to our market research, these features should give us a good position in the market place Unit IV HOW TO PREPARE A PRESENTATION Before you start Have you ever had to speak in front of a large group of people? How did you feel? Work in pairs What is a presentation? Why people make presentations? List some reasons Reading Here are some 'rules' for preparing a presentation Match the first sentence of each paragraph (1-6) with the paragraphs (a-f) Decide what you want to say to your audience 2 Choose the right equipment to help make your talk interesting Find out who you are talking to Practise your presentation in advance Make sure your presentation has a clear structure Find out about the room you are talking in a) It's important to know your audience How many people are there? Where are they from? What they want to learn? How much they already know? b) The venue is important too If possible, visit it before your presentation Where will the audience sit? Where will you stand? Where will you put your equipment? c) Make sure your objectives are clear This will help you to prepare material that is interesting and informative Remember, you want your audience to learn something they don't know You also want them to enjoy your presentation d) A well-organized presentation is easier to understand Give it a beginning, a middle and an end Make separate points and number them This structure will help your audience to follow what you are saying e) There are many different kinds of AV (audiovisual) aids You can use a simple flip chart or show slides on an overhead projector There is also computer software, like Microsoft Powerpoint™, which can make your presentation look professional Choose AV aids that are appropriate for your audience And make sure you know how they work f) Make notes of the most important points Make sure you speak to your audience -don't read to them Practise giving your talk out loud and check how much time it takes Ask a friend to listen and give you feedback Vocabulary Complete the sentences with the words and phrases from the box appropriate ■ audience ■ AV aids ■ feedback ■ informative ■ objectives ■ structure Make sure your presentation is _ - most people want to learn something new Your presentation will be easy to understand if it has a clear _ I'm very nervous; there are over a hundred people in the _ At the start, explain your _ so people know why you are talking to them Knowing your audience will help you choose material that is _ for their interests Using _ is a good way to help communicate your ideas If you want to know if your presentation was interesting, ask the audience for their opinion Speaking Work in pairs and the following: Think of something that you would like to give a presentation about, e.g a hobby or sport, a place you know well or a subject you are interested in Decide who you will give it to, and where Make a list of things to think about when planning a presentation Discuss each point and make brief notes about it on a piece of paper 6 Writing Imagine you have to give your presentation tomorrow Make more detailed notes about each of the points in Exercise Think about what you will say Remember, if you read your presentation, it won't sound natural Make notes to help you speak naturally Practice Talk to someone who has given a presentation What was it about? Did they think it was a good presentation? Why/Why not? What advice would they give someone about preparing a presentation? Report back to the class HOW TO MAKE A PRESENTATION Useful tips: The language of presentations often contains less formal vocabulary than that of academic writing, so take care not to use the less formal expressions in your written work Introducing the presenter ( points a), b), c), d) are the hints how to better introduce a speaker) a) Now, Dr Ulla Fensel is going to present her research to us b) Let's welcome Carmen Gregori, who's going to talk to us today on the subject of 'Healthcare in Paraguay' c) Now I'd like to call on Mieko to make/give her presentation Mieko, thank you Here are some things to at the beginning of a presentation Number them in the them a) Introduce the main points one by one b) Welcome the audience c) Introduce the first point d) Tell the audience the subject of the presentation Before you start d) I'd like to introduce Dr Li Meiju, who's going to address1 the topic of 'Preventive medicine' order you would Getting started (the example) ‘'Good morning, everyone It's nice to see so many of you here today I hope you can all hear me OK The subject of my presentation today is our marketing plan for the next three years Basically, there are three main points I want to talk about If you look at the first slide, you can see them listed there First, I'm going to tell you about our new product range aimed at the teenage market Secondly, I'll talk about each of the products and our plans for marketing them And finally, I'd like to talk briefly about the competition OK, let's start with the first point, our new product range '’ Find and underline the phrases that the speaker uses to organise a presentation ‘In this presentation I'd like to focus on recent developments in biomass fuels I'll speak for about 45 minutes, to allow time for questions and comments Feel free to1interrupt if you have any questions or want to make a comment.' 'First I'll give a brief overview of the current situation with regard to intellectual property rights, then I'd like to raise a few issues concerning the internet I'll try to leave2 time for questions at the end.' 'I'd like to begin by looking at some previous studies of ocean temperatures There's a handout going round", and there are some spare4 copies here if you want them.' In this talk I'll present the results of a study I did5 for my dissertation I'll try not to go over time and keep to 20 minutes.’ an informal way of giving permission less formal 4than allow - see a more formal version would be which is being distributed extra or, more formal, carried out / conducted           During the presentation - and closing it keep in mind: Now let’s turn to the problem of work place stress (begin to examine or talk about) Moving on, I’d like to look at the questionnaire results in more detail (going on to the next point; less formal than in great detail) I also want to talk about supply of clean water, but I’ll come back to that later (return to) I’d just like to go back to that later on the previous slide (return to) Anyway, getting back to/return to the question of inflation, let’s look at the Thai economy (getting back to is less formal than to return to) The results were not very clear Having said that, I feel the experiment was worthwhile (a less formal way of saying nevertheless) I’ll skip the next slide as time is (running) short (skip (informal) = leave out/omit) To sum up, then, urban traffic has reached its pick That’s all I have to say Thank you for listening (have no more time left (informal)- not used in writing) Well, I’ll stop there as I’ve run out of time Thank you (have no time left) Dr Woicheck will now take questions Are there any questions or comments? (rather formal = accept and answer questions) Exercises A Fill in the missing words in these introductions to presentations Dr Anwar Musat will now his research on soil erosion in Malaysian forests I'd now like to…… on our next speaker, Eva Karlsson, to……….(give two answers) her presentation Ladies and gentlemen, let's .our next speaker, Professor Prodromou from the University of Athens Thanks, everybody So, Masanori is going to talk to us now…… subject 'Mental health issues in Japan' I'd like to…… today's speaker, Dr Krishnan Guptar, who is going to the topic of metal fatigue in rail tracks B Rewrite these sentences by changing the words in bold so they are less formal Remember that both formal and informal styles may be correct, but that it may not always be appropriate to be informal We need to consider family income too, but I'll return to that later So, to proceed to the next point, I'll omit item on the handout and instead talk about number in greater detail I'll try to finish by 3.30, but don't feel you need to ask permission to leave if you have a class or other appointment to go to There is a handout being distributed and I have some further copies too if anyone wants them I'll finish there as my time has come to an end We didn't want to make people uncomfortable by having a camera in the room Nevertheless, we did want to video as many of the sessions as possible I'd like to return to a point I made earlier about river management So, I believe our experiments have been successful I shall end there Thank you To return to the problem of large class sizes, I'd like to look at a study carried out in Australia in 2002 10 I'll try not to exceed my time, so I'll speak for 30 minutes, to allow time for questions at the end C Fill in the missing prepositions I'd like to focus waterborne diseases in this presentation The situation .regard exports has been very good in recent years I'd now like to turn a different problem I always find it difficult to keep……just 30 minutes, so please tell me when I have ……… five minutes left I'd like to begin……… asking you all to a small task Unit V WORDS THAT JOIN IDEAS 1) Join the sentences in different ways using the words in brackets George was rich He wasn't a happy man (but / although / however) Jo rang me from a phone box She's lost her mobile, (because / so) 2) Look at these words and expressions They prepare people for what you are going to write or say next Read and complete the sentences In fact/Actually (I'm going to add more information to support this statement.) Peter doesn't like working in London In fact, he's thinking of changing jobs Peter and I are in love Actually, we _ Of course/Naturally (What I am going to say is obvious.) Of course, having a baby has totally changed our lives Naturally, when I was a child I didn't _ Fortunately/Unfortunately (What I am going to say is not/is good news.) She tried really hard, and fortunately, she passed the exam She stood and waited for over an hour, but unfortunately, _ Nevertheless (I am going to tell you about a result or effect which is unexpected.) The accident wasn't her fault Nevertheless, she felt terrible My father didn't very well at school Nevertheless, Anyway (I am going to finish talking about the subject and move on to something new.) What traffic! I thought I'd never get here Anyway, now let's get on with the meeting Anyway, you've heard enough about me What ? 3) Read the email and write the word or words that fit best To: Melodycat@hyp.org Subject: Hi from Jackie and Joe Hi Melody, I hope you're all well Things are busy here Maya moved out last week She found a small apartment not far from here, (1) (so / anyway) we still see her all the time She also got a new job at a radio station (2) (unfortunately, /because) it doesn't pay very well, (3) _ (of course / but) at least she likes it Now that Maya has moved out, it's only Joe and me at home After 24 years of having kids around the house, it's a little strange to have the place all to ourselves (4) _, (However / In fact) it's nice to come home to a clean house at the end of the day :-) Samantha is going to graduate from Oberlin College this year We're all very proud and (5) _ (however/of course) we're going to have a party for her (6) , (So / Actually) it's going to be a surprise party! So, shhh! Samantha says she wants to travel somewhere interesting this summer, (7) _ (but / because) she hasn't decided where to go yet Joe's fine, (8) (although / so) he's been in a bad mood lately He hasn't been able to much in the garden (9) _ (because / actually) it's rained every day for the last two weeks! (10) _, (In fact / Nevertheless) it's been the rainiest summer for 20 years (11) _ , (Anyway / Of course) that's enough of our news How are you all? What are you up to? Write back and tell me everything! Love, Jackie Unit VI APPENDICES A-Z of Language Functions This glossary gives some exponents for key functions indicated after the activity title It is intended only as a quick reference to the kind of language practice a particular activity might generate Teachers may wish to elicit or provide further exponents of a specific function before beginning an activity Agreeing/disagreeing I agree with you/that Up to a point, I agree with you/that (I'm afraid) I disagree with you/that Blaming I think you have made a mistake You're responsible for You shouldn't have done/said that Correcting I think you've made a mistake there It's not That's not quite right I said Declining/rejecting (an offer) No, thanks I'm sorry but I can't I'm afraid that's unacceptable I couldn't possibly accept that Emphasizing The following words add emphasis: real (ly) e.g that's really wonderful absolute (ly) e.g it was an absolute miracle, indeed, e.g their service was very good indeed Forecasting The goods are sure to arrive tomorrow The goods are likely to arrive tomorrow The goods may arrive tomorrow The goods are unlikely to arrive tomorrow The goods can't possibly arrive tomorrow Greetings Greetings for the first meeting: - How you do? Reply : - Hello, how you do? Greetings for the second meeting: - Nice to meet you Reply - Nice to meet you, too Hesitating Actually, Basically, You see You know It's like this, you see Introducing self and others May I introduce myself? My name's And may I introduce my colleagues? This is Judging I'm convinced/sure/positive I think/believe/feel I tend to think I'm inclined to feel Knowing I know we sent the goods I think we sent the goods I doubt if we sent the goods Liking and preferring I like visiting clients (= I enjoy it) I like to visit clients in their offices (= It is appropriates) I prefer working in my office to travelling abroad I'd rather work in my office than travel abroad Measuring and calculating If you add the figures together, you get If you take the total time and subtract , you get Let's see what we get if we divide/multiply by Negotiating Let's discuss the terms of the contract I'd like to settle the disagreement between us I think we can accept this contract if you Obliging (see also vetoing) To be obliged to something: We must find a way of solving the cash flow problems Do we have to what he says? Isn't there an alternative? To oblige someone to something: These cash flow problems require us to look at our payment policy (require /force/compel/oblige someone to something) The problems have made us re-evaluate our current practices Permitting You may take as much time as you need We are allowed /permitted to claim travel expenses May/might I make a comment at this point? Do you mind if I ? Questioning Could you tell me ? I'd like to know I wonder if you could tell me Do you happen to know ? Regretting It's a (great) shame/pity that I'm sorry to hear that I'm afraid that Sequencing First/first of all/initially/to start with Second/secondly Then/after that/next/subsequently Finally Telling I told him that I said (to him) that I informed them about I explained what/how/that I reported to them that Urging We should make a decision soon You ought to review the situation I suggest that you check your records I (would) advise you to check your records Vetoing (see also obliging) To be obliged not to something: You mustn't/may not give this information to anyone outside the company You are not allowed/permitted to To oblige someone not to something: The regulations prohibit us from giving this information to anyone outside the company Welcoming Welcome to It's a pleasure to welcome you to We are very pleased to have you with us (E) X pressing Your amazement (and other emotions) Amazement This is a surprise! I'm very surprised that Fear I worry I'm worried about I'm concerned that Gratitude I'm very grateful to you for It was very kind of you to Sympathy I'm very sorry about Indifference It doesn't matter I don't mind I don’t care