1.1.1 "Applicable Laws" means (a) European Union, EEA, or Member State laws with respect to any Controller Personal Data that are legally binding upon the Controller or the Contracted Processor (or both), including, without limitation, the GDPR, Italian Data Protection Laws, and legal requirements adopted by the Italian Data Protection Authority; and (b) USA Data Protection Laws, State of Illinois Data Protection Laws, and any other applicable laws with respect to any Controller Personal Data that are legally binding upon the Controller or the Contracted Processor (or both);
1.1.2 "Controller Personal Data" means any Personal Data Processed by a Contracted Processor on behalf of the Controller (including, without limitation, the personal data of prospective, current, and former trustees, officers, faculty, staff, and students of the Controller) pursuant to or in connection with the Principal Agreement;
1.1.3 "Contracted Processor" means Processor or a Subprocessor;
1.1.4 "Data Protection Laws" means EU Data Protection Laws and, to the extent applicable, the data protection or privacy laws of any other country;
1.1.5 "EEA" means the European Economic Area;
1.1.6 "EU Data Protection Laws" means EU Directive 95/46/EC, as transposed into domestic legislation of each Member State and as amended, replaced or superseded from time to time, including by the GDPR and guidelines ((including Article 29 Working Group guidelines), laws, determinations, findings, and decisions implementing or supplementing the GDPR (such as, for example, codes of conduct, certifications, adequacy decisions, and standard data protection clauses adopted or approved in accordance with the GDPR), together with Italian Data Protection Laws, and other legal requirements adopted by the Italian Data Protection Authority;
1.1.7 "GDPR" means EU General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679, as the same may be amended, modified, and supplemented from time to time;
1.1.8 “Italian Data Protection Authority” means Garante per la protezione dei dati personali, the Italian data protection authority.
1.1.9 "Restricted Transfer" means:
1.1.9.1 a transfer of Controller Personal Data from the Controller to a Contracted Processor; or
1.1.9.2 an onward transfer of Controller Personal Data from a Contracted Processor to an additional Contracted Processor, or between two establishments of a Contracted Processor,
in each case, where such transfer would be prohibited by Data Protection Laws (or by the terms of data transfer agreements put in place to address the data transfer restrictions of Data Protection Laws) in the absence of (a) the Standard Contractual Clauses to be established under section 6.4.3 or 12 below, or (b) compliance with one of the GDPR derogations, as required under section 12.5 below;
1.1.10 "Services" means the services and other activities to be supplied to or carried out by or on behalf of Processor for the Controller pursuant to the Principal Agreement;
1.1.11 "Standard Contractual Clauses" means the contractual clauses set out in Annex 2, amended as indicated in that Annex and under section 13.4, and as the same may be supplemented or superseded by standard contractual clauses approved by the EU Commission or the Italian Data Protection Authority pursuant to article 46(c) and article 92 of the GDPR;
1.1.12 "Subprocessor" means any person (including any third party and any Processor Affiliate, but excluding an employee of Processor) appointed by or on behalf of Processor or any Processor Affiliate to Process Personal Data on behalf of the Controller (with the prior written approval of the Controller pursuant to section 6 hereof) in connection with the Principal Agreement; and
1.1.13 “USA” means the United States of America.
1.1.14 "Processor Affiliate" means an entity that owns or controls, is owned or controlled by or is or under common control or ownership with Processor, where control is defined as the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of an entity, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.