SPOTLIGHTS This section contains worksheets for Spotlights on five historic events and 11 articles on places and groups of people Your textbook also includes biographies of famous Oklahomans At the end of this section, there are guidelines for writing essays about them Events African-American Experience Indian Boarding Schools The Run of 1889 Trail of Tears Tulsa Race Riot Biographies David Boren Garth Brooks Kit Carson Kristin Chenoweth Angie Debo Ralph Ellison Vince Gill Woody Guthrie Allan Houser Reba McEntire Tom Palmore Frank Phillips T Boone Pickens Wiley Post William S Prettyman Alice Mary Robertson Will Rogers Sequoyah Carrie Underwood Stand Watie Jimmy Webb Charles Banks Wilson Places and Groups of People Autograph Rock Chickasaw Cultural Center Cultural Diversity Kiowa Six Men of Peace Missionaries Native Americans in the 20th Century Oklahoma City Thunder Outlaws and Lawmen Route 66 Women with the Pioneer Spirit These lists are alphabetical The Table of Contents lists Spotlights in the order they appear © 2013 ACP, Inc SPOTLIGHT: THE TRAIL OF TEARS I TRUE OR FALSE Write a “T” if the statement is true; write “F” if the statement is false To the Indian, his homeland was holy ground Rather than withdrawing to the west, the Five Civilized Tribes adopted the ways of the white man The Five Civilized Tribes refused to become farmers The Indians in the Southeast were victims of illegal land seizures and yet had no redress in the courts The Cherokees were the first tribe to remove to Indian Territory The first Indians removed to Indian Territory were forcibly removed in manacles and chains The removal decree allotted one blanket for each Indian family There were no protests from white people who saw the sufferings of the Indians during the removals The thousands of Indian exiles were victims of one disaster after another 10 After learning about the early removal disasters, several thousand Choctaws in Mississippi refused to emigrate 11 The Chickasaws were the most primitive of the Five Civilized Tribes 12 The Chickasaws were kinsmen of the Cherokees 13 The Chickasaws purchased land in Indian Territory from the Choctaws but refused to be governed by the Choctaw Nation 14 Alabama law forbade an Indian’s word from being entered into court against the word of a white man 15 A minor Creek uprising successfully delayed removal for the Creeks 16 Many Creeks were manacled and linked together with chains and then marched westward with their women and children trailing behind 17 Some Creek warriors fought against the Seminoles 18 Stand Watie was the Cherokee leader with the greatest amount of tribal support 19 The Seminoles were less inclined to fight for their land because it was swampland and practically worthless 20 After the removal, not a single Seminole was left in the Southeast © 2013 ACP, Inc II CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER 21 By the time the Creeks completed the removal, they had lost nearly 40 10 percent of their tribe 22 The wealthiest of the Five Civilized tribes were the 23 Cherokee law ordered 24 The Chickasaws were well-known for their 25 It was easy hard prison death Creeks Chickasaws for anyone signing away Cherokee lands arts and crafts horses and cattle to convince the Seminoles to leave Florida III MAP On the map below, identify the states where each of the Five Civilized Tribes originally lived Using colored pencils, mark the removal routes of each of the tribes Use RED for Cherokees, BLUE for Creeks, GREEN for Chickasaws, ORANGE for Choctaws, and PURPLE for Seminoles © 2013 ACP, Inc SPOTLIGHT: INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS I CIRCLE THE ANSWER If more than one answer is correct, circle all the correct answers The article concentrates on schools in N Dakota Nevada California Oklahoma Kansas The federal government began off-reservation boarding schools in 1870s 1830s 1889 Lucy Toledo and Bill Wright say the schools emphasized education learning a trade arts and crafts The schools also emphasized discipline self-expression punishment What prevents smaller tribes from running their own schools? interest budget or finance political organization II FILL IN THE BLANKS Which Indian Nation has the country’s largest reservation? The national graduation rate for American Indians is about _ percent The head of American Indian Studies at a university says that, to “erase and replace” Native culture, schools changed “everything” about the students She names six aspects of culture They are: _ Who or what began taking over the schools in the past few decades? 10 Hershel Martinez does something in Sherman High School that shows how the school has changed What does he do? 11 Steve Yankton says life at school can still be tough because of _ 12 According to the book, where was a boarding school in this state? © 2013 ACP, Inc SPOTLIGHT: THE RUN OF ’89 I TRUE OR FALSE? Put ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false _ During the 19th century, Indian Territory was a kind of “dumping ground.” _ Many Indians among the Five Civilized Tribes owned slaves _ Cattle drives across Indian Territory began long before the Civil War _ All Indians from all tribes opposed opening any land in Indian Territory for settlement _ The Boomer Movement was a loose organization of pro-settlement people _ No women were allowed to file land claims _ No African-American people were allowed to file land claims _ The east bank of the South Canadian River was the dividing line between Indian Territory and the Unassigned Lands _ Would-be homesteaders were not allowed to ride trains into the land to be opened for settlement _ 10 Taking part in the Run was often dangerous _ 11 Only about one in ten who took part in the Run actually won a claim 12 Sooner activity ceased after the Run of ’89 _ 13 The Panhandle became a kind of battle ground between cattlemen and outlaws _ 14 Many homesteaders built homes from sod II If you wanted cheap land, which of the land distributions would you have participated in? Why? _ © 2013 ACP, Inc © 2013 ACP, Inc THE DUST BOWL I CIRCLE THE ANSWER If more than one answer is right, circle all the correct ones There were dust storms before, but the first of the Black Blizzards happened in the year 1929 1935 1940 A dust storm might include changes in wind visibility temperature How many Okies left the state after 1935? almost a million almost two million Farmers had to deal with swarms of ants grasshoppers more than 2-1/2 million bees An illness that caused thousands of children and older people to die was called flu measles brown lung II FILL IN THE BLANK The president during the Dust Bowl years was Young men went to work in camps when they joined the _ Three states that suffered from Black Blizzards were Three causes of this disaster were _ 10 Solutions to the Dust Bowl disaster included “listing” the land, replacing nutrients, and (name one example) _ © 2013 ACP, Inc SPOTLIGHT: TULSA RACE RIOT I CIRCLE THE ANSWER If more than one answer is right, circle more than one The Tulsa Race Riot happened in 1921 1920 1931 To control the riot, Tulsa used police National Guard infantry On May 31, a mob of about 2000 white men gathered at the train station at the Drexel Building A white church group and some white employers tried to this chase the victims protect the victims How many city blocks of homes burned? 30-40 3000 at the courthouse warn the victims 1997 When a grand jury investigated, how many white people were indicted? one ten 89 How many black people were indicted? one ten 88 II FILL IN THE ANSWER According to the text, how many black people lost their homes? When officers disarmed the white people, where did they send the white people? _ 10 When officers disarmed the African-American people, where did they send the people? _ 11 In a few words, describe a mob mentality © 2013 ACP, Inc _ 12 In 2001 a commission recommended reparations, scholarship, economic development, and a memorial What you think those recommendations are supposed to do? _ _ © 2013 ACP, Inc SPOTLIGHT: THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE I TRUE or FALSE Use “T’ if the statement is true; use “F” is the statement is false An African-American man named Paul accompanied Jacob Fowler on his expedition into what later became Indian Territory The painter, George Catlin, reported that he did not see a single African-American woman or man on his travels There were often bad feelings between African-Americans and Indians Often Indians were hired to catch runaway slaves Throughout the Civil War, the Union Army refused to accept African-American recruits In 1866, the United States Congress passed an act providing for six African-American regiments in the regular United States Army General George Custer was one of those who refused to serve with African- American regiments The first African-American man to graduate from West Point served with the 10th Calvary, which served in Indian Territory Even before the Civil War, African-Americans in Indian Territory were, mostly, free men 10 Bill Pickett, the famous African-American rodeo performer, invented the sport of bulldogging 11 Pickett’s way of throwing the calves is still being used by rodeo cowboys today 12 None of the trail crews on cattle drives had African-American cowboys among their crews 13 Buffalo soldiers helped to patrol the Unassigned Lands and to keep Sooners out of the lands that were to be opened for settlement 14 Ike Rogers and Bass Reeves were famous black outlaws 15 Edward McCabe opposed an African-American state 16 The first bill that came before the Oklahoma Senate was a “Jim Crow” measure that segregated the races in transportation 17 Even though the races were segregated, African-American teachers were paid as much as whites and African-American schools received as much money as did the white schools 18 Legislation called the “Grandfather Clause” denied voting privileges to African-American citizens 19 State leaders did not cease their efforts to deny voting rights to African-American citizens until after World War II © 2013 ACP, Inc 10 II DRAW ROUTE 66 Listen to the song, “Get Your Kicks on Route 66,” and refer to a national map to draw the route This excerpt from Wikipedia will help you find the towns in the song: The lyrics read as a mini-travelogue about the major stops along the route, listing several cities and towns that Route 66 passes through, viz St Louis; Joplin, Missouri; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Amarillo, Texas; Gallup, New Mexico; Flagstaff, Arizona; Winona, Arizona; Kingman, Arizona; Barstow, California; and San Bernardino, California Winona is the only town out of sequence: it was a very small settlement east of Flagstaff, and might indeed have been forgotten if not for the lyric "Don't forget Winona," written to rhyme with "Flagstaff, Arizona." Many artists who have covered the tune over the years have changed the initial lyrics, usually to "It goes to St Louis, down through Missouri " then continuing on with Oklahoma City and so on Of the eight states that the actual route passes through, only Kansas and its cities are not mentioned by the song © 2013 ACP, Inc 22 SPOTLIGHT: OKLAHOMA WOMEN WITH THE PIONEER SPIRIT I TRUE or FALSE Use “T’ if the statement is true; use “F” is the statement is false Many pioneer women had to educate their own children at home Education and religion were important to the pioneer woman Kate Barnard was one of the first women in the nation elected to a state office When Kate took office, Oklahoma was boarding its prisoners in Kansas Wilma Mankiller The Oklahoma State Prison at McAlester was a model prison when it was built Kate Barnard lost her power and retired when she tried to give Indian orphans their inheritances The African-American children who took part in the Civil Rights “sit-ins” in Oklahoma City had had no training in nonviolent protests Mrs Clara Luper led the young protesters The first sit-ins took place at the John A Brown lunch counter in downtown Oklahoma City _ 10 The John A Brown Store was the first store to end discrimination in public accommodations 11 A boycott of downtown businesses by African-American citizens was ineffective 12 In the late 1960’s, five of the most famous dancers in the world were from this state 13 Yvonne Chouteau is the direct descendant of Jean Pierre Chouteau 14 Of the five Indian ballerinas, Maria Tallchief has maintained the closest ties with Oklahoma 15 The coach with the best “win-loss” record in any sport in the nation is Mrs Bertha Frank Teague, former girls’ basketball coach in Byng, Oklahoma 16 Mrs Teague influenced changes in the rules for girls’ basketball that greatly improved the speed and quality of the game 17 The first African-American woman elected to the Oklahoma legislature was Hannah Atkins 18 The first woman to serve as a justice on Oklahoma’s Supreme Court is Alma Wilson from Pauls Valley (continues on next page) © 2013 ACP, Inc 23 II CIRCLE THE ANSWER 19 Alma Wilson was appointed to the State Supreme Court 20 Mrs Clara Waters was the first woman in the U.S to serve as U.S Supreme Court warden guard of a penitentiary 21 The first woman elected chief of the Cherokee Nation was Winona Drumright 22 Ms Magazine named Chief Mankiller Clare Walters 23 Dr Jeane Kirkpatrick, from Duncan, served as Ambassador to Wilma Mankiller the Woman of the Year in 1987 Kenya the United Nations 24 The first woman of any race to serve as Secretary of State for Oklahoma was Alma Wilson Jeannette Edmondson 25 The first woman Governor of this state was Alice Mary Robertson © 2013 ACP, Inc 24 Mary Fallin SPOTLIGHT: OKLAHOMA CITY THUNDER FILL IN THE BLANKS The state has various college sports teams How many major (professional) sports teams are based here? _ Before moving to Oklahoma City, what city was the team’s home? _ The team re-located to Oklahoma City in (year) Players won their first division title (as the Thunder) in the season In the 1012 playoffs, the Thunder beat the _ in the Western Conference In 2012, when the Thunder reached the NBA Finals, it was the time in their history They lost the 2012 Finals to the Colors on the uniforms are white, and The Ford Center is now called (3 words) _ Option: Answer either 10a or 10b 10a The Thunder introduced its team mascot early in 2009 Its name is 10b How is supporting a professional team different from supporting a school team? _ _ © 2013 ACP, Inc 25 SPOTLIGHT: CULTURAL DIVERSITY I TRUE or FALSE Use “T’ if the statement is true; use “F” is the statement is false The major influx of European settlers occurred before Oklahoma Territory was opened to white settlement in 1889 _ The largest groups of land-seeking immigrants to come to Oklahoma were German in culture and language The German people who came from the Volga River area in Russia were fishermen Most German immigrants came directly to Oklahoma from various European sites because they heard about the land runs Most Mennonite immigrants settled in north-central counties of Oklahoma Polish immigrants were mostly miners who came into the Choctaw Nation in the early 1870’s Many Czech settlers were ‘Sooners’ who lost land claims because of hasty actions Among the first settlers to come to Oklahoma were trappers from England, who settled near the trading posts at Fort Gibson Many Irishmen came into Oklahoma to work on the railroads 10 In comparison with the other groups of immigrants, Italians were numerous 11 Italians settled in the McAlester and Krebs areas 12 During the 1920’s, Jewish immigrants who had come to the area for religious reasons found themselves victims of persecution by the Ku Klux Klan 13 The latest influx of immigrants into Oklahoma brought people from Asia to the state 14 Many Mexicans lived in Oklahoma long before Oklahoma became a state _ 15 The railroads brought the first large influx of Mexican immigrants _ 16 Mexican immigrants have kept their character, language, and culture in their homes 17 Mexican-Americans were the nation’s most highly decorated ethnic minority during World War II 18 Many ethnic groups have found profitable sources of income in restaurants that specialize in ethnic foods © 2013 ACP, Inc 26 19 Of all people living in Oklahoma, only members of the Five Civilized Indian Tribes can claim to be indigenous _ 20 Many African-American citizens came into Oklahoma during the Indian Removals II MAP On the map of Oklahoma below, use the following color code and color in the counties settled by immigrants from Europe Green - English Trappers Blue - Italians Yellow - Czechs Pink - Mennonites Orange - Poles Following are the counties of settlement: English trappers – Cherokee Italians – Pittsburg Czechs - Canadian, Kingfisher, Lincoln Mennonites – Washita Poles - Washington, Pittsburg, Rogers © 2013 ACP, Inc 27 © 2013 ACP, Inc 28 SPOTLIGHT: NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE 20TH CENTURY I DIRECTIONS Write a sentence identifying each of these Native Americans Include the person’s major area of success (such as the military, the arts, and so on) Ann Shadlow Harvey Pratt Hal Muldrow _ M Scott Momaday _ LaDonna Harris Charles Pratt Ernest Childers Allie Reynolds Bert Seabourn _ 10 Enoch Kelly Haney _ (continued) © 2013 ACP, Inc 29 11 Alice Brown Davis 12 Napoleon B Johnson _ 14 Muriel Wright _ _ 15 Jim Thorpe _ II WRITING Select a Native American whom you most admire, from this article, textbook or a library source Write a brief biographical sketch of that person in the space below Tell why you admire this person © 2013 ACP, Inc 30 © 2013 ACP, Inc 31 SPOTLIGHT: CHICKASAW CULTURAL CENTER The Chickasaw Cultural Center is south of the capital, between Ardmore and Ada, in _ The Center teaches traditions, but it is not a traditional _ It has both indoor exhibits and to share the story of the Chickasaw Nation What are two features of the area outside? _ The exhibit center re-creates a council house from the What demonstrations happen in the traditional village? _ Visitors interact with artists making Native costumes as well as (3 items) _ The Holisso Research Center is useful for Chickasaws and _ Besides genealogy collections, the Center has photo archives and _ 10 In the storage room for artifacts, what gets controlled? © 2013 ACP, Inc 32 SPOTLIGHT: JIM THORPE I CIRCLE THE ANSWER If more than one answer is right, circle all the right ones Jim Thorpe’s family identified with the tribe called Sac and Fox Pawnee Kickapoo Thorpe was a natural scholar athlete scholar-athlete Thorpe’s childhood home was in the city on a farm in a fishing village Jim Thorpe first became successful when he was a student at Haskell Carlisle Stockholm As an adult he played professional baseball football hockey II FILL IN THE BLANK Jim Thorpe was born in the year _, before the first land run He made history at the Olympics in the year When he lost his standing as an amateur, he lost his _ In the 1980s, the Olympic medals were given to his _ 10 A building at the State _ is named for him © 2013 ACP, Inc 33 GETTING STARTED ON YOUR ESSAY ABOUT A FAMOUS OKLAHOMAN Here are two worksheets to help you write your essay If your teacher does not assign one particular worksheet, you may choose the one that fits you best BIOGRAPHY WORKSHEET #1 DECIDING WHAT TO USE FROM THE BOOK My essay will have (number) paragraph(s) A paragraph should have four or five sentences It will have one main idea and the other sentences will explain or give details about that main idea None of the sentences are copied straight from the book I am reading the Spotlight about (name) _ I want to include these points in my essay (check the ones you want): When and where the person grew up o Details about family life o Details about young life that affected later life o The person’s original name (Is it different now? Why?) Where the person lived or still lives as an adult What s/he is famous for o Titles of his/her songs, books, artwork o Names of his/her jobs or companies o A few of the awards or honors s/he earned His/her personality (Quiet? Lively? Generous? Hard to please? etc.) A quote from the person about his or her work A quote from someone else about this person’s work or personality Other interesting points I might include are: My essay’s most important idea will be something like this (circle one): (name)_ is a role model because she was dedicated to her work as a… (name)_ is important because s/he has been a leader in government and education (name)_ has an unusual place in history He is best known for © 2013 ACP, Inc 34 Now that you have some ideas for your essay, start writing! Then go back and read your draft Does it include everything you want? What will you change for the final essay? BIOGRAPHY WORKSHEET #2 FOR AN ESSAY WITH THREE PARAGRAPHS This essay has a paragraph about the person’s childhood and family, a paragraph about young adulthood, and a paragraph about accomplishments and importance Student’s name Famous person’s name 1st paragraph Start with something like: was born (when and where) Growing up, s/he _ Fill in enough details to have four or five sentences in this paragraph 2nd paragraph After high school, (person) worked as a His/her goal was to , but _ S/he was able to _ By (age or year) s/he got hired at / was learning more about / moving to _ Fill in enough details to have four or five sentences in this paragraph 3rd paragraph S/he has won awards such as or S/he became (a writer? a business owner?) in the (1930s? 1990s?) Fill in a few key points End the paragraph with something like: Today _ is important because _ © 2013 ACP, Inc 35 © 2013 ACP, Inc 36 ... mark the removal routes of each of the tribes Use RED for Cherokees, BLUE for Creeks, GREEN for Chickasaws, ORANGE for Choctaws, and PURPLE for Seminoles © 2013 ACP, Inc SPOTLIGHT: INDIAN BOARDING... Barstow, California; and San Bernardino, California Winona is the only town out of sequence: it was a very small settlement east of Flagstaff, and might indeed have been forgotten if not for the lyric... successful raid on Fort Smith II FILL IN THE BLANKS 11 Before the Civil War, what did Watie try to negotiate with John Ross? _ 12 What did Watie’s brother, Buck, for a living?