CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (Reported speech) I PHÂN BIỆT CÂU TRỰC TIẾP VÀ CÂU GIÁN TIẾP Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Câu trực tiếp là câu nói của ai đó được trích dẫn lại nguyên văn và thường được để trong dấu ng.CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (Reported speech) I PHÂN BIỆT CÂU TRỰC TIẾP VÀ CÂU GIÁN TIẾP Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Câu trực tiếp là câu nói của ai đó được trích dẫn lại nguyên văn và thường được để trong dấu ng.
MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (Reported speech) I- PHÂN BIỆT CÂU TRỰC TIẾP VÀ CÂU GIÁN TIẾP Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp - Câu trực tiếp câu nói trích dẫn lại nguyên văn thường để dấu ngoặc kép (“… ”) Ví dụ: + Mary said “ I don’t like ice-cream” (Cơ nói rằng: “Tơi khơng thích kem”.) Ta thấy dấu ngoặc kép lời nói trực tiếp Mary trích dẫn lại cách nguyên văn - Câu gián tiếp câu tường thuật lại lời nói người khác theo ý người tường thuật ý nghĩa khơng thay đổi Ví dụ: + Mary said that she didn’t like ice-cream (Mary nói khơng thích kem.) Ta thấy câu nói Mary tường thuật lại theo cách nói người tường thuật ý nghĩa giữ nguyên II- CÁC CÁCH TƯỜNG THUẬT TỪ CÂU NÓI TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU NÓI GIÁN TIẾP Ta cần phân tích cấu trúc câu trực tiếp câu gián tiếp qua ví dụ sau: - My mother said “I want you to study harder.” (Mẹ nói “Mẹ muốn học hành chăm hơn.) Ta có: - Động từ “said” gọi “Động từ giới thiệu” - Động từ “want” động từ câu trực tiếp - “I” chủ ngữ câu trực tiếp - “you” tân ngữ câu trực tiếp - My mother said / told me that she wanted me to study harder (Mẹ tơi bà muốn học hành chăm hơn) Ta thấy thành phần “động từ giới thiệu”, động từ chính, đại từ (I/you/…) câu trực tiếp chuyển sang câu gián tiếp phải biến đổi Vậy thành phần cần biến đổi, biến đổi nào, ta vào loại câu cụ thể Các thành phần cần biến đổi câu gián tiếp: * Các đại từ: Ta cần thay đổi đại từ cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh câu * Thay đổi câu: Thì động từ lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo nguyên tắc chung lùi khứ Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Hiện đơn -> Quá khứ đơn Hiện tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ tiếp diễn Hiện hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Quá khứ tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Tương lai đơn: will/ shall -> would/ should Tương lai gần: be going to -> was/were going to * Thay đổi số động từ khuyết thiếu: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp can could will would shall should must had to may might * Thay đổi Đại từ Các đại từ nhân xưng đại sở hữu chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi b Đại từ Câu trực tiếp Đại từ nhân xưng I Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ định Câu gián tiếp he/she we they you they/I/he/her me him/her us them you them/me/him/her my her/his our their your them/my/his/her mine his/hers ours theirs yours theirs/mine/his/hers this that these those MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC * Các trạng từ nơi chốn, thời gian: Trực tiếp Here Now Today Ago Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Yesterday The day before yesterday Next week Last week Last year Gián tiếp There Then That day Before The next day / the following day In two day’s time / two days after The day before / the previous day Two day before The following week The previous week / the week before The previous year / the year before Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu trần thuật (là câu khẳng định mang nghĩa kể lại, trần thuật lại điều đó) - Ta cần biến đổi đại từ cho phù hợp với ý nghĩa câu - Các động từ giới thiệu thường dùng là: say (that), tell sb (that) * Nếu động từ giới thiệu chia tại, tương lai: -> ta khơng cần lùi động từ câu gián tiếp Ví dụ: - She says “I don’t want to stay at home every day.” -> She says / tells me that she doesn’t want to stay at home every day Ta thấy dấu ngoặc kép câu trần thuật, động từ giới thiệu “says” chia đơn nên động từ câu trực tiếp khơng lùi (giữ ngun thì) câu gián tiếp Các đại từ cần thay đổi cho phù hợp nghĩa là: I -> she * Nếu động từ giới thiệu chia khứ: -> Ta cần lùi động từ câu gián tiếp Ví dụ: - She said “My father is travelling in America” -> She said that her father was travelling in America Ta thấy động từ giới thiệu “said” chia khứ đơn nên động từ câu trực tiếp (chia tiếp diễn) phải lùi câu gián tiếp (thì khứ tiếp diễn) Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu hỏi * Nếu dấu ngoặc kép câu hỏi khơng có từ hỏi -> Trong câu gián tiếp thêm “if” “whether” mệnh đề theo sau biến đổi dạng khẳng định -> Động từ giới thiệu thường sử dụng: ask, wonder Ví dụ: - She said “Do you want to go with me?” -> She asked if I wanted to go with her - Mary said “Do you go to school by bus, Peter?” -> Mary asked Peter whether he went to school by bus * Nếu dấu ngoặc kép câu hỏi có từ hỏi (what/where/when/how/who/…) MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC -> Trong câu gián tiếp phải biến đổi mệnh đề sau từ hỏi dạng khẳng định -> Động từ giới thiệu thường sử dụng: ask, wonder, want to know Ví dụ: - He asked “what time will you come?” -> He asked what time I would come Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu mệnh lệnh thức -> Ta xét nghĩa câu sử dụng cấu trúc cho phù hợp * Khi câu mệnh lệnh thức dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa yêu cầu, đề nghị làm ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: - tell/ ask/ require/ request/ demand + sb + to st: Yêu cầu, đề nghị hay địi hỏi làm Ví dụ: - She said to me “close the door!” -> She asked me to close the door * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa lệnh ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: - order sb to st: lệnh cho làm - He said to me angrily “go out!” -> He ordered me to go out Các trường hợp khác: * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa đề nghị làm cho ta sử dụng cấu trúc: - offer to st: - He said “Shall I make you a cup of coffee?” -> He offered to make me a cup of coffee *Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa khuyên bảo ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: - advise sb to st: khuyên nên làm Ví dụ: - He said to me “You should go to bed early” -> He advised me to go to bed early * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa mời mọc ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: - invite sb to st Ví dụ: - My friend said “Will you go the zoo with me?” -> My friend friend invited me to go to the zoo with her * Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu cảm thán ta sử dụng động từ “exclaim” Ví dụ: - She said “What an intelligent boy!” -> She exclaimed that the boy was intelligent * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa xin lỗi ta sử dụng cấu trúc: - apologize (to sb) for st/ for doing st: xin lỗi (ai) điều gì/ làm Ví dụ: - She said "I'm sorry I'm late." -> She apologized for being late * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa nhắc nhở ta sử dụng cấu trúc: - remind sb to st: Nhắc nhở làm Ví dụ: - My mother said "Don't forget to bring your umbrella." -> My mother reminded me to bring my umbrella MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa buộc tội ta sử dụng cấu trúc: - accuse sb of st/ doing st: Buộc tội điều gì/ làm Ví dụ: - She said "No one else but you did it." -> She accused me of doing it MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC BÀI TẬP Bài 1: Viết lại câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp “Open the door,” he said to them -He told them “Where are you going?” he asked her -He asked her where “Which way did they go?” he asked -He asked “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her -I told “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us -She told “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her -I asked her “He’s not at home”, she said -She said that “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked -The girl wanted to know “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said -Tom told Ann 10 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her -He asked 11 “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked -Thomas asked Jean 12 Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said -I told Mary 13 “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said She said that 14 “I’ll pay him if I can” she said -She said that 15 “What are you going to next summer?” she asked - She asked us 16 “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack -He told Jack that 17 “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked -Tom asked Jean 18 “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said -He said that 19 “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us -He told us 20 “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC -I asked him how long 21 “Are you going by train?” she asked me -She wanted to know 22 “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us -She asked us 23 “Will you come to my party?” she said to me -She invited me 24 “Don’t it again,” she said to them She told them 25 “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked -She asked 26 “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said -She told 27 “What you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked -Mary asked 28 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter - Peter asked if 29 “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager -The office manager wondered 30 “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John -John advised Elizabeth 31 “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John -John accused 32 “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary -Mary accused 33 “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs Bingley -The nurse asked Mrs Bingley 34 “You should take more exercise, Mr Robert,” the doctor said -The doctor advised 35 “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself -Tim wondered 36 “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan -Paul apologized 37 “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked - Martha asked Peter when 38 “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother -Anna asked 39 “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said - William’s mother told 40 “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs Rogers to her son -Mrs Rogers told 41 “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC -George said 42 “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car -Martin apologized 43 “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us -The landlady asked 44 “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary -Mary asked 45 “Breakfast will not be served after 30” said the notice -The notice said that 46 “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?” -I asked 47 “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow” - She reminded me 48 “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys -The teacher told the boys……………………………………… 49 “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr Simpson - The interviewer asked 50 “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness - The officer wanted to know Bài 2: "Where is my umbrella?" she asked She asked "How are you?" Martin asked us Martin asked us He asked, "Do I have to it?" He asked "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter The mother asked her daughter "Which dress you like best?" she asked her boyfriend She asked her boyfriend "What are they doing?" she asked She wanted to know "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me He wanted to know The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?" The teacher wanted to know "How you know that?" she asked me She asked me 10 "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me My friend asked me Bài 3: MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC "What's the time?" he asked → He wanted to know "When will we meet again?" she asked me → She asked me "Are you crazy?" she asked him → She asked him "Where did they live?" he asked → He wanted to know "Will you be at the party?" he asked her → He asked her "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me → She asked me "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked → The teacher wanted to know "Why don't you help me?" she asked him → She wanted to know "Did you see that car?" he asked me → He asked me 10 "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins → The mother asked the twins Bài "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said → The teacher told Joe "Be patient," she said to him → She told him "Go to your room," her father said to her → Her father told her "Hurry up," she said to us → She told us "Give me the key," he told her → He asked her "Play it again, Sam," she said → She asked Sam "Sit down, Caron" he said → He asked Caron "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said → The receptionist asked the guest "Take off your shoes," she told us → She told us 10 "Mind your own business," she told him Bài 5: "Don't touch it," she said to him → She told him "Don't that again," he said to me → He told me MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC "Don't talk to me like that," he said → He told her "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him → She warned him "Don't let him in," she said → She told me "Don't go out without me," he begged her → He begged her "Don't forget your bag," she told me → She told me "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said → The chemistry teacher told his students "Don't give yourself up," he advised her → He advised her "Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said → She told the boys Bài 6: She said, "Go upstairs." → She told me "Close the door behind you," he told me → He told me "Don't be late," he advised us → He advised us "Stop staring at me," she said → She told him "Don't be angry with me," he said → He asked her "Leave me alone," she said → She told me "Don't drink and drive," she warned us → She warned us "John, stop smoking," she said → She told John "Don't worry about us," they said → They told her 10 "Meet me at the cinema." he said → He asked me Bài 7: He said, "I like this song." → He said "Where is your sister?" she asked me → She asked me "I don't speak Italian," she said → She said MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 10 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him → She asked him "I never make mistakes," he said → He said "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know → He wanted to know "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience → The stuntman advised the audience Bài 31: "I was very tired," she said → She said "Be careful, Ben," she said → She told Ben "I will get myself a drink," she says → She says "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me → He wondered "I cannot drive them home," he said → He said "Peter, you prefer tea or coffee?" she says → She asks Peter "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me → She asked me He said, "Don't go too far." → He advised her "Have you been shopping?" he asked us → He wanted to know "Don't make so much noise," he says → He asks us MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 29 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC ĐÁP ÁN Bài 1: He told them to open the door He asked her where she was going He asked me which way they had gone I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit She told us not to try to open it then I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day She said that he was not at home The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away Tom told Ann not to stay out late 10 He asked her to let him borrow her car 11 Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves 12 I told Mary not to leave the window open 13 She said that she would have a cup of tea with me 14 She said that she would pay him if she could 15 She asked us what we were going to the following summer 16 He told Jack that he would phone him the following day 17 Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her 18 He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday 19 He told us not to keep the door locked 20 I asked him how long he was going to stay 21 She wanted to know whether I was going by train 22 She asked us not to use too much hot water 23 She invited me to come to her party 24 She told them not to it again 25 She asked whether/ if Mr Brown sent the potatoes to me 26 She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty 27 Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day 28 Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter 29 The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before 30 John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money 31 John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette 32 Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle 33 The nurse asked Mrs Bingley where her little boy had been born 34 The doctor advised Mr Robert to take more exercise 35 Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job 36 Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number 37 Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was 38 Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle 39 William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back 40 Mrs Rogers told her son not to bite his nails MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 30 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC 41 George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times 42 Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car 43 The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch 44 Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address 45 The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30 46 I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was 47 She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day 48 The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall 49 The interviewer asked Mr Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000 50 The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident to the police Bài 2: She asked where her umbrella was Martin asked us how we were He asked if he had to it The mother asked her daughter where she had been She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best She wanted to know what they were doing He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema The teacher wanted to know who spoke English She asked me how I knew that My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin Bài 3: He wanted to know what the time was She asked me when we would meet again She asked him if he was crazy He wanted to know where they had lived He asked her if she would be at the party She asked me if I could meet her at the station The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer She wanted to know why he didn't help her He asked me if I had seen that car The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room Bài 4: The teacher told Joe to stop talking She told him to be patient Her father told her to go to her room She told us to hurry up He asked her to3.give him the key She asked Sam to play it again He asked Caron to sit down The receptionist4.asked the guest to fill in the form MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 31 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC 10 She told us to take off our shoes She told him to mind his own business Bài 5: She told him not to touch it He told me not to that again He told her not to talk to him like that She warned him not to repair the computer himself She told me not to let him in He begged her not to go out without him She told me not to forget my bag The chemistry teacher told his students not to eat in the lab He advised her not to give herself up 10 She told the boys not to hurt themselves Bài 6: She told me to go upstairs He told me to close the door behind me He advised us not to be late She told him to stop staring at her He asked her not to be angry with him She told me to leave her alone She warned us not to drink and drive She told John to stop smoking They told her not to worry about them 10 He asked me to meet him at the cinema Bài 7: He said that he liked that song She asked me where my sister was She said that she didn't speak Italian They asked me to say hello to Jim He said that the film had begun at seven o'clock She told the boys not to play on the grass She asked him where he had spent his money He said that he never made mistakes He wanted to know if she knew Robert 10 The stuntman advised the audience not to try that at home Bài 8: She said that she had been very tired She told Ben to be careful She says that she will get herself a drink He wondered why I hadn't phoned him He said that he could not drive them home She asks Peter if he prefers tea or coffee She asked me where I had spent my holidays the year before MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 32 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC 10 He advised her not to go too far He wanted to know if we had been shopping He asks us not to make so much noise Bài 9: He advised me not to buy that car Nam offered to carry Lan’s suitcase Ann agreed to share the food with Dave Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread The man ordered the children not to touch anything in that room Mary said that she had to go home to make the dinner Tom asked me if/whether I was going to Ho Chi Minh City the next week/the following week Mom asked if I had finished my homework She told me that she couldn’t it by herself 10 Lan wanted to know if Nam’s brother lived in London 11 His father warned him not to repeat that mistake again 12 The photographer told me to give a smile 13 The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table 14 He asked me if I had travelled abroad much 15 The boss asked the secretary who had written that note 16 My friend told me she had just received a postcard from his sister 17 He said that story had happened long before Bài 10: The instructor warned the sportsman not to repeat that mistake again The assistant told me to leave the address with the secretary The manager asked the client to phone to him for an answer the next day/the following day The father told the kid not to be so silly The photographer told me to give a smile Ann asked/begged her friend to help her make a decision The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table, but to put them back on the shelf The nurse told the child to be a good girl and to sit quietly for five minutes My companion advised me to leave my things there 10 The chairman asked the participants not to discuss that question at the moment Bài 11: We asked the guide if it would be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather didn’t changed for the better The porter told me he would wake me up when the train arrived in Leeds My wife told me that she would the packing while I was away He told me not to leave until he phoned me The doctor said that after he left hospital they would take him to the South The local man explained to me that they would wait for the fisherman to return until it got dark My neighbor told me she would let me know as soon as she heard from him./ My neighbor promised to let me know as soon as she heard from him She said that she would live in town until her husband returned from the expedition and that when he returned, they would go to the seaside together MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 33 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC The mother told her son to sit still John asked/told his friend to come and spend a week with him Bài 12: Jane asked Bill when he expected to finish his assignment The man asked the boy if he could show him the way to the bank Fred asked the postman if there were any letters for him that day Henry asked the librarian how many books he could borrow at a time John asked his friend how he had managed to know his phone number He said those old buildings might have already disappeared by the time he was back the following year The boys asked the old woman what they could to help her The guests asked the doorman where they should leave their coats Tom asked his brother why he had advised them to go sight-seeing on foot 10 I asked the children who had taken away the magazines from my desk Bài 13: Jose said she was just leaving the office when she came face to face with a stranger Ann asked her brother if he expected to be admitted to the university/ Rechard asked Jane what she was planning to the next day She asked her boyfriend if it was true that his father had fought in the last war Jane asked me where I had been all that time Mary asked her husband if he had seen her handbag anywhere The inspector asked the woman what she had been doing at o’clock the previous evening The passenger told the taxi-driver to hurry up and added that he had to be at the station on time Tom wondered why he hadn’t thought of that before 10 Father said that the taxi was coming then and asked if everyone was ready Bài 14: Helen said that she thought she would have to find a better job because she couldn’t make both ends meet He asked her why she was so late; he had been waiting for half an hour already She told/advised him not to let them down and added that she would be very embarrassed if he went back on his words She advised her husband not to drink too much He might lose control of the car and have a bad accident The boy asked his mother when they would have lunch and said he was very hungry He said he didn’t understand why she had refused to join them on the trip She told him she was very glad he had come and invited him to sit down Mr Brown told his wife he didn’t feel like going out that evening and suggested asking the Browns to come over for a chat John said it was raining too hard to go out and suggested that they should stay at home and watch TV instead 10 Tom asked me to ring up the station to find out when the train came in Bài 15: She warned the boys to be careful and not to go too near the edge of the cliff My friend begged me to come to help him with the assignment MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 34 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC My friend said he wouldn’t buy that sort of raincoat if he was me/-My friend advised me not to buy that sort of raincoat The janitor asked me to move my bicycle because it was in the way/The janitor asked me if I would mind moving my bicycle because it was in the way I asked the librarian if I could take out another book OR I asked the librarian for another book My mother reminded me to leave the window open when I was using the gas stove My teacher advised me to wear my school badge or they wouldn’t let me into the classroom My friend invited me to come over to his house for a slide show The policeman ordered the drunken driver to show him his driver’s license 10 The host invited the visitor to come again the following weekend Bài 16: He asked me if I had travelled abroad much The boss asked the secretary who had written that note My friend told me she had just received a postcard from his sister The chairman said that the students had also taken part in arranging the conference The stranger asked me if I had been there long The policeman asked the boy if he had really seen that happen with his own eyes She remarked that she hoped they would have taken a decision by the end of the meeting He asked her if she had watched the detective film on Tv the day before/the previous day He said that story had happened long before and that few people remembered anything about it 10 She said that she hadn’t read so interesting a book since she didn’t remember when Bài 17: Tom asked the girl when she had had the picture taken Tom suggested going somewhere for a cup of coffee after class John suggested that Mary should wear her hair a little longer The landlady invited the guest to have another cup of tea My sister suggested us going to see Aunt Marry on the Sunday She asked me if I had ever seen a flying saucer James offered to type the letter for me Alfred denied using/having used John’s cassette player and said that someone else did Father said he had been the superintendent while that school was being built 10 The woman said that if she had a gas stove it would save her a lot of time Bài 18: She said she was going to Paris soon I thought the film would be interesting She said she couldn’t help me because she had too much to I was told Anna had bought the tickets She said she thought it was a stupid idea, and it wouldn’t work The receptionist explained that breakfast was served between 7.00 and 9.00 He boasted that he had been to Oxford University in the 1960s She told me she’d never been to America MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 35 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Bài 19: She asked me if I wanted to go out for a meal They wondered why she was late He asked me if he could use my phone the customs officer asked me where I’d come from She wanted to know how long I was going to be on holiday She asked me when I had to go to work Penny wondered if I’d posted her letter He asked her if she’d be back early Bài 20: Tom asked me where I was going Mike asked me where I was going to spend the holiday Jennifer asked me what I would when I left school The nurse wanted to know how the doctor knew her name The clerk asked me whether / if I had an appointment Bernard wondered whether / if his wife had seen his car keys Isobel’s brother wanted to know why she hadn’t phoned him Richard asked James to carry his briefcase Charles asked the receptionist when he could see the doctor Bài 21: He said to her she was his friend John said to his mother he didn’t know how to that exercise My brother advised me not to come back before one o’clock Mrs Brown told her daughter to cook in butter The students asked their teacher to give them better marks She told me to pull as hard as I could He asked who had put salt in his coffee My friend asked me if I was going to leave the day after My mother asked me if I had done my homework 10 I asked Bill what time he had gone to bed the night before 11 Paul said that he had to go home then 12 The policeman said that there had been an accident and the road was blocked 13 The children said that they were waiting for the school bus MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 36 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC 14 Mary said that her father had died a year before 15 Mrs Brown asked me if I had to go then 16 His mother asked him whose bicycle he had borrowed the day before 17 The teacher said that it wasn’t so foggy that day as it had been the day before 18 My father told me to be modest if I was a good student 19 She told us to shut the door but not to lock it 20 Tom said that New York is bigger than London 21 They begged us to help them 22 She told me not to forget to send my parents her regards 23 The travellers asked me how long it took to get to London 24 John said that he had finished studying his lesson 25 Mary said to John she couldn’t go to the movies with him 26 He asked me why I hadn’t come to class the day before 27 Tom asked Mary if she had phoned him the day before 28 He asked me if I liked it and I said that I did 29 She said to Tom she hadn’t known them and asked him if he had known them 30 The policeman told everybody to avoid the Marble Arch because there was going to be a big demonstration there 31 Handing me a bottle of pills, the doctor told me not to take more than of those at once 32 They asked me to go to the zoo 33 He said that he shouldn’t that if he were me because it was very dangerous 34 They said to me when they had finished that game they would have supper 35 John said that she had to wash her hair and asked Alice if she had got any shampoo 36 He told me to listen and asked me if I Heard someone coming 37 He told me to as he told me or I would be punished and said that he would teach me who was master in that house 38 My mother said that it was rather chilly that day and asked me to light the fire there when I had cleaned the sitting room 39 Mary said to her friend she would expect to see him the following Wednesday 40 The teacher asked John which book he was talking about 41 I asked the policeman if he knew how far it was to the station 42 Ann exclaimed what a dirty face her son had 43 The teacher asked his students whether they knew how to behave and remarked that there must be no talking in lessons 44 She wondered who was coming on the excursion the next day and hoped it wouldn’t rain MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 37 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Mrs Brown told him to as he was told and complained that he was a naughty boy Jim said that it was a very nice evening and suggested going out for a walk She asked (urged) her daughter to decide what she wanted to Mary asked me if I could tell her why I was so sad Jane asked John who would come to the pictures with her Jane asked her friend to find out when he last wrote to her Bài 22: B 11 A A 12 A D 13 B C 14 A C 15 B D 16 B D 17 C A 18 C A 19 C 10 B 20 D 21 D 22 C 23 A 24 A 25 A 26 C 27 B 28 B 29 A 30 C 31 A 32 D 33 A 34 B 35 C 36 A 37 A 38 A 39 B 40 C 41 D 42 B 43 A 44 B 45 A 46 C 47 C 48 D 49 C 50 D Bài 23: She said, "I am reading." → She said that she was reading They said, "We are busy." → They said that they were busy He said, "I know a better restaurant." → He said that he knew a better restaurant She said, "I woke up early." → She said that she had woken up early He said, "I will ring her." → He said that he would ring her They said, "We have just arrived." → They said that they had just arrived He said, "I will clean the car." → He said that he would clean the car She said, "I did not say that." → She said that she had not said that She said, "I don't know where my shoes are." → She said that she did not know where her shoes were 10 He said: "I won't tell anyone." → He said that he would not tell anyone Bài 24: MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 38 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC They said, "This is our book." → They said that was their book She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday." → She said that she had gone to the cinema the day before He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow." → He said that he was writing a test the next day You said, "I will this for him." → You said that you would that for him She said, "I am not hungry now." → She said that she was not hungry then They said, "We have never been here before." → They said that they had never been there before They said, "We were in London last week." → They said that they had been in London the week before He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow." → He said that he would have finished that paper by the next day He said, "They won't sleep." → He said that they wouldn't sleep 10 She said, "It is very quiet here." → She said that it was very quiet there Bài 25: "Where is my umbrella?" she asked → She asked where her umbrella was "How are you?" Martin asked us → Martin asked us how we were He asked, "Do I have to it?" → He asked if he had to it "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter → The mother asked her daughter where she had been "Which dress you like best?" she asked her boyfriend → She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best "What are they doing?" she asked → She wanted to know what they were doing "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me → He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?" → The teacher wanted to know who spoke English "How you know that?" she asked me → She asked me how I knew that 10 "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me → My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin Bài 26: MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 39 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC "What's the time?" he asked → He wanted to know what the time was "When will we meet again?" she asked me → She asked me when we would meet again "Are you crazy?" she asked him → She asked him if he was crazy "Where did they live?" he asked → He wanted to know where they had lived "Will you be at the party?" he asked her → He asked her if she would be at the party "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me → She asked me if I could meet her at the station "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked → The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer "Why don't you help me?" she asked him → She wanted to know why he didn't help her "Did you see that car?" he asked me → He asked me if I had seen that car 10 "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins → The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room Bài 27: "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said → The teacher told Joe to stop talking "Be patient," she said to him → She told him to be patient "Go to your room," her father said to her → Her father told her to go to her room "Hurry up," she said to us → She told us to hurry up "Give me the key," he told her → He asked her to give him the key "Play it again, Sam," she said → She asked Sam to play it again "Sit down, Caron" he said → He asked Caron to sit down "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said → The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form "Take off your shoes," she told us → She told us to take off our shoes 10 "Mind your own business," she told him → She told him to mind his own business MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 40 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Bài 28: "Don't touch it," she said to him → She told him not to touch it "Don't that again," he said to me → He told me not to that again "Don't talk to me like that," he said → He told her not to talk to him like that "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him → She warned him not to repair the computer himself "Don't let him in," she said → She told me not to let him in "Don't go out without me," he begged her → He begged her not to go out without him "Don't forget your bag," she told me → She told me not to forget my bag "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said → The chemistry teacher told his students not to eat in the lab "Don't give yourself up," he advised her → He advised her not to give herself up 10 "Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said → She told the boys not to hurt themselves Bài 29: She said, "Go upstairs." → She told me to go upstairs "Close the door behind you," he told me → He told me to close the door behind me "Don't be late," he advised us → He advised us not to be late "Stop staring at me," she said → She told him to stop staring at her "Don't be angry with me," he said → He asked her not to be angry with him "Leave me alone," she said → She told me to leave her alone "Don't drink and drive," she warned us → She warned us not to drink and drive "John, stop smoking," she said → She told John to stop smoking "Don't worry about us," they said → They told her not to worry about them 10 "Meet me at the cinema." he said → He asked me to meet him at the cinema MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 41 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Bài 30: He said, "I like this song." → He said that he liked that song "Where is your sister?" she asked me → She asked me where my sister was "I don't speak Italian," she said → She said that she didn't speak Italian "Say hello to Jim," they said → They asked me to say hello to Jim "The film began at seven o'clock," he said → He said that the film had begun at seven o'clock "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said → She told the boys not to play on the grass "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him → She asked him where he had spent his money "I never make mistakes," he said → He said that he never made mistakes "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know → He wanted to know if she knew Robert 10 "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience → The stuntman advised the audience not to try that at home Bài 31: "I was very tired," she said → She said that she had been very tired "Be careful, Ben," she said → She told Ben to be careful "I will get myself a drink," she says → She says that she will get herself a drink "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me → He wondered why I hadn't phoned him "I cannot drive them home," he said → He said that he could not drive them home "Peter, you prefer tea or coffee?" she says → She asks Peter if he prefers tea or coffee "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me → She asked me where I had spent my holidays the year before He said, "Don't go too far." → He advised her not to go too far "Have you been shopping?" he asked us → He wanted to know if we had been shopping MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 42 MS CHI TO – CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC 10 "Don't make so much noise," he says → He asks us not to make so much noise MS CHI TO-CUNG ON THI CONG CHUC Page 43 ... đơn nên động từ câu trực tiếp (chia tiếp diễn) phải lùi câu gián tiếp (thì khứ tiếp diễn) Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu hỏi * Nếu dấu ngoặc kép câu hỏi khơng có từ hỏi -> Trong câu gián tiếp thêm “if”... nên động từ câu trực tiếp khơng lùi (giữ ngun thì) câu gián tiếp Các đại từ cần thay đổi cho phù hợp nghĩa là: I -> she * Nếu động từ giới thiệu chia khứ: -> Ta cần lùi động từ câu gián tiếp Ví... the year before Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu trần thuật (là câu khẳng định mang nghĩa kể lại, trần thuật lại điều đó) - Ta cần biến đổi đại từ cho phù hợp với ý nghĩa câu - Các động từ giới thiệu thường