236 2021 u9 prevention immunization LIS

UNIT – LISTENING & SPEAKING (2 hours) ENGLISH IN MEDICINE – GP Y2 PREVENTION & IMMUNIZATION Editor: Nguyen Hoang Quynh Mai Email: nguyenhquynhmai@duytan.edu.vn PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES primary secondary tertiary quaternary prophylaxis awareness hygiene quarantine screening exposure recommend immunization vaccination trigger incidence eradication active vs passive antigen antibody booster shot complications licensed epidemics pandemics innate adaptive immunodeficiency autoimmune PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES Preventive Medicine is a medical specialty that promotes health and prevents illness In the late 20th century this specialty gained importance as United States public health officials became concerned about the increasing cost of health care Preventive medicine strategies can focus on the population or on individuals Population-based Programs Historically, the first preventive strategies were based on the awareness that disease transmission can be stopped by public hygiene measures such as quarantining people who are ill, removing the dead, and providing sewage systems A major advance was the discovery that immunization can protect people against many infectious diseases 1 PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES Preventive medicine is also concerned with chronic disease and has developed such measures as screening programs to identify individuals with high blood pressure and those who have breast or cervical cancer Unfortunately, screening for lung cancer has not been as successful Governments have attempted to prevent disease by requiring greater purity of air and water and by prohibiting the use of food additives that cause cancer in animals Federal regulations in the United States also promote safety in the workplace, for example, by requiring the removal of accident hazards and by limiting employees' exposure to chemicals and radiation 1 PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES Individual Actions Researchers in human health problems also uncover actions that people can take individually to improve their health Primary among these are maintaining a nutritious and balanced diet with a low fat content, getting sufficient sleep and regular exercise, and having periodic medical and dental examinations Many physicians recommend reducing the intake of cholesterol in the diet to cut down heart disease Dentists have introduced the application of fluoride to children's teeth to prevent tooth decay 1 PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES Immunization, also called vaccination or inoculation, is a method of stimulating resistance in the human body to specific diseases using microorganisms - bacteria or viruses that have been modified or killed These treated microorganisms not cause the disease, but rather trigger the body's immune system to build a defense mechanism that continuously guards against the disease If a person immunized against a particular disease later comes into contact with the disease-causing agent, the immune system is immediately able to respond defensively 2 LISTENING PRACTICE VIDEO: Motivational Interviewing Demonstration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URiKA7CKtfc Listen to this video twice, and fill in the blanks LISTENING PRACTICE So I wrote a (1) _ for Aiden I did want to talk to you though; I’m a little bit concerned looking through his chart at how many ear infections he’s had recently And I noticed that you had checked the box that someone’s smoking in the home So I was wondering if you can tell me a little more about that? Well, um, it’s just me and him and I smoke Um, I try really hard not to smoke around him But I’ve been smoking for 10 years except when I was pregnant with him But everything is so stressful (2) _ and having a full-time job So it’s just, that’s why I started smoking again 2 LISTENING PRACTICE You have a lot of things going on and smoking is kind of a way to (3) _ Yes Yeah, some people have a glass of wine, I have a cigarette Sure, and it sounds like you’re trying not to smoke around him Why’d you make that decision? I know it’s not good for him I mean I’ve read those things about (4) _ and stuff, but other kids have ear infections and their parents don’t smoke 2 LISTENING PRACTICE So on the one hand you’ve worried about how your smoking might be affecting him and on the other hand you’re not to sure if it’s really the smoking that’s (5) _ Right, yeah I mean he doesn’t have asthma He hasn’t had a lot of other problems that his other friends have So and I’ve thought about quitting before in the past but I just don’t see how it’s possible right now What made you decide to quit smoking when (6) _? Well, he was inside me and we were sharing everything and I knew that he would get some of that I just didn’t think I could live with myself if something happened to him 2 LISTENING PRACTICE Right now, though, it feels almost too difficult to even manage or (7) Yeah, exactly How were you successful when you quit before? I don’t know, I think about it now I don’t even know how I did it I just did it You know, I just couldn’t imagine like him (8) _ or going into labor early and him having problems and stuff like that All the stuff that they talk about with women who smoke So that was just enough to say okay, you know what? I’m not going to risk that 2 LISTENING PRACTICE The risks were so scary then that you were able to stop But they don’t feel as scary to you now No, I mean we’re two separate people and like I said I (9) _ not to smoke around him I’m pretty good about that I don’t let other people smoke around him, so you know You’re doing the best you can Yes Yeah Okay But it sounds to me, too, like part of you really (10) Yeah, I know that I need to, you know I keep, every New Year I say this year I’m going quit smoking But then something happens and it just doesn’t happen 2 LISTENING PRACTICE It’s on your to list, it’s just not making it to the top Yeah If you did decide to quit, on a scale of one to 10 where one is not at all confident you don’t think you could it and 10 is you feel pretty certain that you could, where you think you (11) ? Probably like a 5, kind of in the unsure area Like, I know I’ve done it before so I know I can it, but at the same time it just seems really hard, and it’s not the same situation Sure Well what made you say rather than or 3? I know all the ways it’s bad for me and I don’t want him to grow up thinking that it’s (12) I don’t want him to use any kind, I don’t want him to chew or anything like that So I know I need to, especially before he gets old enough to understand what mommy’s doing, but I just don’t know if I can it 2 LISTENING PRACTICE Okay So it sounds like you have a lot of reasons why you’d like to quit You have been successful quitting in the past, and right now you’re just feeling a little bit hesitant about your (13) _ Yeah Where you think we should go from here? I don’t know I’d like some help I just don’t know (14) _ I need Sure, well if you’d be interested that’s something I can definitely talk to you about There are a lot of new options that can actually help people be way more successful in their attempt at quitting There’s different medications you can try I don’t like medicine 2 LISTENING PRACTICE Okay There’s also a lot of support groups and classes that you can take where you have other people to go through it with you Sometimes just having that support can be a big part of it, especially for people like you where smoking is such (15) That sounds nice, but I’m not sure if I have the time for all that Sure, it feels like something that would take up a lot of time and maybe not fit into your life I wonder if (16) _ about some options that might fit into your life? That would be really nice Okay Well if you’re willing, then we could set up another appointment where you could come in and we could talk more about that I would like that That would be great 2 LISTENING PRACTICE ANSWERS prescription for antibiotics being a single mom relax and de-stress ear infections and asthma causing these problems you were pregnant even to try not being born try really hard 10 does want to quit 11 fall right now 12 okay to smoke 13 ability to it 14 what kind of help 15 a stress-reliever 16 we could talk ADDITIONAL VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rb7TVW77ZCs&t=49s SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE SPEAKING ACTIVITIES TAKING HISTORY OF PATIENT Introduce yourself - name & role Confirm patient details - name & DoB Explain the need to take history Gain consent Present complaint Ask for details Other symptoms Previous health Summary & next step SPEAKING ACTIVITIES START YOUR CONVERSATION! QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ... defensively 2 LISTENING PRACTICE VIDEO: Motivational Interviewing Demonstration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URiKA7CKtfc Listen to this video twice, and fill in the blanks LISTENING PRACTICE... I’m going quit smoking But then something happens and it just doesn’t happen 2 LISTENING PRACTICE It’s on your to list, it’s just not making it to the top Yeah If you did decide to quit, on a... the application of fluoride to children's teeth to prevent tooth decay 1 PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES Immunization, also called vaccination or inoculation, is a method of stimulating resistance in the