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UNIT – VOCABULARY & READING (2 hours) ENGLISH IN MEDICINE – GENERAL PRACTITIONER Y2 LAB TEST & MAKE A DIAGNOSIS Presenter: Nguyen Hoang Quynh Mai Editor: Truong Dinh Tri Email: dr.truongdinhtri@gmail.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0tHEJl_Y8E&feature=share&fbclid=Iw AR389b1jpVWhDA31kY5aJDkjbvuHPguSfLB0U5ujPVWMsTxoITlB9A3GlaE How many tests they every year in Rochester? Which purposes of lab test are they talking about? What is the negative issue mentioned when the doctors order some lab tests? OVERVIEW The use of clinical laboratory test results in diagnostic decision making is an integral part of clinical medicine The current list of tests offered by one major reference laboratory includes nearly 3,000 analyses OVERVIEW OF LAB TESTS Laboratory tests check a sample of your blood, urine, sputum or body tissues OVERVIEW WHICH FACTORS CAN AFFECT THE TEST RESULTS? OVERVIEW OF LAB TESTS Many factors affect test results These include: Your gender, age and race What you eat and drink Medicines you take How well you followed pre-test instructions LAB TEST CYCLE Clinicians think about and order a test Appropriate patient’s sample is obtained (eg, a blood specimen taken from an antecubital vein) Results of the test are returned to the clinicians LAB TEST CYCLE This cycle consists of phases: pre-analytic, analytic, & post-analytic LAB TEST CYCLE Questions to Ask Before Ordering a Lab Test Why is the test being ordered? What are the consequences of not ordering the test? How good is the test in discriminating between health versus disease? How are the test results interpreted? How will the test results influence patient management and outcome? REASONS FOR ORDERING Research COMMON TYPES - Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) Lipid Profile, Urinalysis (UA) Thyroid Test(s) Complete Blood Count (CBC) COMMON TYPES - The basic metabolic panel (BMP) is a group of blood tests that provides information about your body's metabolism - How to Prepare for the Test Your health care provider may ask you to not eat or drink for hours before the test COMMON TYPES What Is a CMP? ◦ Gives information about body's fluid balance, levels of electrolytes, how well the kidneys and liver are Electrolytes: ◦ Calcium, which plays an important role in how muscles and nerves work ◦ Sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide, chloride Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) & creatinine Albumin & total protein Liver tests COMMON TYPES SOME MOST COMMON LAB TESTS CBC - complete blood count Blood typing Electrolytes ABG - Arterial blood gas CXR - chest Xray US - ultrasound Urinalysis Cultures (blood, sputum, urine, etc) CT scan, MRI COMMON TYPES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqSt7wLxCDQ&feature=share&fbclid=IwAR0wnExjAI FBSjdTWWbJA0ENHerHyx4XhxKR_Xdw80nTj46Pm_Pvj2m6hAQ COMMON TYPES A Gently pull the needle out B Give it a good clean C Color code the bottles D Assess the vein E Insert the needle F Pop a plaster all over the top G Put the tourniquet on H Prepare the kit I Pop a piece of gauze or cotton wool J Release the tourniquet COMMON TYPES Blood Test Procedure Assess the vein Put the tourniquet on Give it a good clean Prepare the kit Insert the needle Color code the bottles Release the tourniquet Gently pull the needle out Pop a piece of gauze or cotton wool 10 Pop a plaster all over the top MATCHING 1.Disease in a fetus a ECG, angiogram 2.Endocrine disease b Endoscope 3.Fracture c Biopsy 4.Anemia d Amniocentesis, US 5.CAD e Complete blood count 6.Gastric ulcer f Blood cultures 7.Cancer g Radiological exams 8.Infection h Measure hormone levels A DOCTOR CAN MAKE A WRONG DIAGNOSIS WHAT DO YOU THINK? WHAT CAUSES MEDICAL ERROR? The manifestation of disease are not sufficiently noticeable A disease is omitted from consideration Too much significance is given to some aspect of the diagnosis The condition is a rare disease with symptoms suggestive of many other conditions The condition has a rare presentation WRITING PRACTICE Which factors can affect the test result? (3-5 sentences) What are some questions the doctor should ask before ordering a lab test? (3-5 sentences) Introduce the role of lab tests in modern medicine & some most common lab tests (at least paragraphs) REVIEW 10 MCQS ON KAHOOT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ... analyses 1 OVERVIEW OF LAB TESTS Laboratory tests check a sample of your blood, urine, sputum or body tissues 1 OVERVIEW WHICH FACTORS CAN AFFECT THE TEST RESULTS? OVERVIEW OF LAB TESTS Many factors... AR389b1jpVWhDA31kY5aJDkjbvuHPguSfLB0U5ujPVWMsTxoITlB9A3GlaE How many tests they every year in Rochester? Which purposes of lab test are they talking about? What is the negative issue mentioned when the doctors order some lab tests? ... questions the doctor should ask before ordering a lab test? (3-5 sentences) Introduce the role of lab tests in modern medicine & some most common lab tests (at least paragraphs) REVIEW 10 MCQS ON
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