REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES I Active and passive sentences Active sentences (Câu chủ động) - Câu chủ động câu chủ ngữ người hay vật thực hành động Eg: My grandfather planted this tree -> S + V + O Passive sentences (Câu bị động) - Câu bị động câu chủ ngữ người hay vật nhận chịu tác động hành động Eg: This tree was planted by my grandfather S be + pp O * Form: S + be + V (pp)+ ( by + O) REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES II Usage (cách dùng câu bị động) Khi người thực hành động không quan trọng ý nghĩa người nói muốn diễn tả Eg: This school was built 10 years ago Khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh vào người nhận hành động Eg: The old man was hit by a car Khi muốn câu nói mang tính khách quan, khơng thuộc người Eg: It is believed that she has won the prize Khi người vật thực hành động rõ ràng Eg: The streets are swept every day (by street-sweepers) REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES III Passive transformation (Cách chuyển sang câu bị động) * Active: S + V + O * Passive: S + be + V(pp) + (by + O) Step 1: Lấy tân ngữ (O) câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ (S) câu bị động Step 2: Đổi động từ chủ động (V) thành động từ bị động: be + V(pp) -> pp = past participle Step 3: Chủ ngữ câu chủ động thành tác nhân (agent) câu bị động trước phải có từ by REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV Tenses of passive sentences Present simple - Passive: S + am/is are + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: People speak English all over the world => English is spoken all over the world Present progressive - Passive: S + am/is/are + being + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg:They are painting the house => The house is being painted (by them) REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV Tenses of passive sentences Present perfect - Passive: S + have/has + been +V( pp) + (by+O) Eg: He hasn’t worn the jacket for years => The jacket hasn’t been worn for years Past simple - Passive: S + was/were + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: Somebody cleaned this room yesterday => This room was cleaned yesterday REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV Tenses of passive sentences Past progressive - Passive: S + was/were + being + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: My sister was baking the cakes => The cakes were being baked by my sister Future simple - Passive: S + will + be + V(pp) +(by+O) Eg: They will widen this road => This road will be widened REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV Tenses of passive sentences Be going to (have to, used to, ought to) - Passive: S + am/is/are going to + be + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: We are going to give her a gift => She is going to be given a gift (by us) Modal verbs - Passive: S + can/should/must + be + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: The manager must sign the cheque => The cheque must be signed by the manager REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV Tenses of passive sentences Câu có tân ngữ Eg1: Mr Robinson bought Liz a cap => Liz was bought a cap by Mr Robinson => A cap was bought for Liz by Mr Robinson * Verbs: buy, get, make … Eg2: She gave me an apple => I was given an apple by her => An apple was given to me by her * Verbs: give, bring, award … REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES Remember: Các chủ ngữ: one, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody không dùng câu bị động Eg: Nobody has invited him to lunch => He hasn’t been invited to lunch Dùng with (không dùng by) để dụng cụ, công cụ nguyên liệu sử dụng làm tác nhân Eg: The room was filled with smoke REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES Remember: Vị trí trạng từ cụm trạng từ câu bị động - Trạng từ cách thức thường đứng be khứ phân từ (past participle) Eg: He wrote the book beautifully => The book was beautifully written - Trạng từ cụm trạng từ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O Eg: The police found him in the forest => He was found in the forest by the police - Trạng từ cụm trạng từ thời gian đứng sau by + O Eg: The secretary typed the report this morning => The report was typed by the secretary this morning REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES Practice : Change into passive They grow rice twice a year My mother is making some cakes I have read this book twice They built this church in the 19th century Lan was writing a letter when the light went out My brother will buy a new car I am going to take some photos We shouldn’t damage trees Her father awarded her a new bike 10 Mai cleans the house everyday Homework Practice the dialogue again Review the structure BE + ADJECTIVE Learn vocabulary: ADJECTIVES for personality Write sentences: polite requests and suggestions Prepare new lesson: Unit 3: A closer look