All you need to SPEAK ENGLISH CORRECTLY quick visual reference guide

Simple Tenses English Grammar in Templates by Den Snowell All you need to speak English correctly Essential Grammar Guide in Templates Never be wrong Build you skills Sharpen your style Book Past, Present and Future Simple tenses English Grammar in Templates NO MORE GRAMMAR RULES AND THICK BOOKS! English grammar is presented in the Grammar Templates which visually illustrate the correct construction of English sentences on any topic of grammar In order to compose any English sentence, you just need to read the template from left to right Each template provides multiple options for constructing sentences and sufficient vocabulary to use English for everyday communication Each template is provided with a short explanation and has a "key" - variants of sentences that can be constructed with this template (see Appendices) In the Book 1, we only consider the Simple tenses (Past Simple, Present Simple and Future Simple) in the active voice Simple tenses are used in 85% of conversations The other types of tenses, as well as the passive voice and all grammar topics related to other types of tenses, will be presented in the second part of this book THE PRINCIPLE OF GRAMMAR TEMPLATES Any language is based on main parts: Simple Tenses Tenses Simple CONTENT Verb TO BE - forms and usage in statements and general questions Verb TO HAVE - forms and usage in statements and general questions, countable and uncountable nouns Verb TO DO and other verbs - forms and usage in statements and general questions, regular and irregular verbs General Tag Questions Indirect General Questions Special Questions – Part Special Questions – Part Indirect Special Questions Infinitive – Statements 10 Infinitive – Questions 11 Complex Object with Infinitive 12 Complex Object with Zero Infinitive and Participle 13 There is / There are 14 Degrees of Comparison – Adjectives Personal pronouns The most frequently used verbs TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO and constructions based on them 16 Conditional - Statements Vocabulary (minimum 500 frequency words) 17 Conditional - Questions The verbs TO BE and TO HAVE are the most commonly used verbs in the English language and have specific features in usage The verb TO DO represents all verbs (except modal) of the English language and the rules for their use 15 Degrees of Comparison – Adverbs 18 Conditional – Other Cases Grammar Keys • To Be, To Have, To Do • General Questions • Special Questions • Infinitive • Complex Object • There is / There are • Comparison Of Adjectives • Question words – black black • Comparison Of Adverbs • Time markers – orange orange • Conditional Therefore, in each topic of grammar, we consider these verbs and their constructions For convenience of visual perception, these structures are highlighted in color: TO BE and adjectives – green green TO HAVE and nouns – brown brown TO DO (and other verbs) – blue blue Complementary colors: • Adverbs – yellow yellow TO BE – Statements And General Questions AFFIRMATIVE Past Pres I Future Name Time am Simple Tenses Age Ordinals Nationality Colors Profession Occupation Location He She It Everybody Nobody in here at home at the hospital in hospital on leave on sick leave was is will be We You They were are out there at school at the airport in Italy on holiday on pension away near at work at the station in London on duty on vacation back far at Jone’s at the stop in prison on strike on a business trip Appearance NEGATIVE Past Pres am not I is not We You They were not Pres I Is he she It everybody nobody Will Past Pres Future I Isn’t he she It everybody Won’t beautiful slender bald tall thin pale we you they born young deaf divorced (from) strong healthy hungry (for) late (for) hot worried (about) disappointed drunk mistaken in trouble in a hurry new (to) old dumb married (to) weak ill/insane thirsty (for) tired (of) cold exited (about) satisfied (with) lucky wrong in power in safety sure poor pregnant a bachelor happy (with) crazy (at) angry (with) busy (with) lonely annoyed (with) nervous afraid (of) right in love (with) in despair sleepy rich blind single famous (of) sick (with) upset (with) free sad scared (of) bored (with) sober ready (for) in debt in danger honest (with) kind (to) witty cultured reliable enterprising emotional modest decent frank calm brave wise proud (of) Positive features be well-bred polite (to) merry prudent sincere careful educated clever generous cheerful patient sociable earnest faithful (to) Negative features -QUESTION Aren’t Aren’t very too rather somewhat a bit quite we you they Are Wasn’t Weren’t +QUESTION Am Was Were won’t be are not Future short slim pretty Conditions was not He She It Everybody Past handsome fat ugly Future ill-bred frivolous fussy jealous (of) moody silly naughty greedy selfish nosy stupid lazy impudent tiresome cross rude (to) mean sly boring shy be in the morning in the evening in the afternoon in hours in 1999 in winter in October on October 15th on Monday now (then) at o’clock days ago next week last year ? TO HAVE – Statements And General Questions Simple Simple Tenses Tenses a lot of | enough | some POSITIVE Past Pres I We You They Future both … and … either … or … neither … nor … not only… but also … have a / the many has Singular SIMPLE NEGATIVE Past Pres I We You They Past (without a(n)) Future didn’t have won’t have doesn’t have Pres Future Do Don’t Did -Didn’t no don’t have He She It Everybody Nobody Count a (n)+ friend NEGATIVE Does Doesn’t Will -Won’t QUESTION I we you they have he she it everybody nobody Actions or Conditions a+ wonderful terrible good bad nice dance rest walk smoke drink row fight quarrel talk chat little a little (too) much any | enough will have had He She It Everybody Nobody few a few (too) many word meal trip party ball feast argue dream bath shower nap shave snack break baby day off swim run sleep wash with (someone) toothache headache head cold cold fever cough wedding honeymoon cup of tee cup of coffee enemy relative brother sister niece nephew uncle aunt family husband wife daughter son fiancé fiancée lover kid neighbor car house umbrella book ticket idea date thing problem fault asset duty right debt doubt answer question holiday impression illusion suggestion suit shirt hat coat skirt dress much Plural +s ? Non-count work time news glory love courage happiness progress experience patience success power strength freedom money fun joy pity mercy shame currency wine water food fruit milk meat fish sugar salt bread butter coal oil cotton wool wood cattle poultry petrol iron breakfast lunch Dinner TO DO – Statements And General Questions POSITIVEE Past I We You They Pres will or V2 always never often usually seldom +s Past Pres smile + ed look arrive work wait borrow live die return listen complain describe propose dedicate reply apologize talk travel dance quarrel Future don’t didn’t He She It Everybody Nobody won’t doesn ’t Pres Future QUESTION I we you they Do Don’t Does Doesn’t Will Won’t + ed cure envy bother admire spoil hire help respect invite owe cook he she it everybody nobody lough + ed shout stay play look conceal study cure cry toast lie explain prove belong repeat save boast agree smoke argue always never often usually seldom V2 pay give lend bring paid gave lent brought read write sell send sing tell get read wrote sold sent sang told got build buy find make draw get built bought found made drew got it / something me her him us you them me her him us you them some / more said money milk sugar bread water a / another say letter ticket song story flower a / another in the morning in the evening in the afternoon in hours in 1999 in winter in October on October 15th on Monday now (then) at o’clock days ago next week last year pour promise deceive answer refuse show hate miss divorce scold rape tease betray punish obey annoy adore join treat call charm blame fire receive offer greet invite order follow save ask respect kiss regular with prepositions I We You They Did -Didn’t love need marry believe praise rob offend kill arrest warn amuse NEGATIVE Past regular Future +ed He She It Everybody Nobody Simple Simple Tenses Tenses house job dress flower ticket to for at at at / in / with at / for for from in / with of / from / in to / for to to to to to to to / for to /about to / with with with / about irregular V2 take drink eat learn lose spend choose wear win catch become forget know see feed leave meet teach come stand go run sit sleep swim dream think speak took did drank ate learnt lost spent chose wore won caught became forgot knew saw fed left met taught came stood went ran sat slept swam dreamt thought spoke me her him us you them everybody nobody each of us none of us my friend her father his wife our parents your kids your sister their friends Jack ? SOMETHING NOTHING ANYTHING (- / ?) SOMEONE NO-ONE ANYONE (- / ?) SOMEWHERE NOWHERE ANYWHERE (- / ?) Grammar Templates’ Keys Simple Tenses Tenses Simple TO BE The most often used verb, has different forms for present and past tenses We can talk about Location, Appearance, Conditions, Positive and Negative features We can add Adjectives for emotional enhancement and Time markers to indicate the time of the action These Time markers indicate Simple Tenses If you say or mean one of the listed Time marker, you should use Simple tenses (Past, Present or Future) We can use contractions (Affirmative: am = I’m, she is = she’s And negative: he is not = he isn’t, we are not = we aren’t) in everyday speech and informal writing Contractions are usually not appropriate in formal writing We use contractors in Negative Questions DESCRIBE A PERSON • She is Lily She is 25 (years old) • Lily is American She is an artist • She is a dress designer Her dress is yellow • It is P.M + STATEMENTS (positive) • I am at home • She is at school today • They are at work now • He was very handsome two years ago • You were too short • We will be in London next week - STATEMENTS (negative) • I am not rather young • Everybody is not quite sure • We are not very rich • She wasn’t polite to me yesterday • We were not happy days ago • You won’t be worried about me in weeks + QUESTIONS (positive) • Am I right? • Is he very silly? • Are we too nosy? • Was she divorced from him last year? • Were we ready for the new job last week? • Will they be ready tomorrow at 5? - QUESTIONS (negative) • Aren’t I stupid? • Isn’t she pregnant? • Aren’t you busy now? • Wasn’t he rather careful? • Weren’t they somewhat sad? • Won’t he be mistaken tomorrow? Note! • Everybody is / was … • Nobody is / was … “Nobody” - only in positive statements but means negative: “Nobody is here” TO HAVE The second most often used verb, can create simple negative sentences with “no” We use it when we talk about what we have or don’t have And in some cases it means actions (to have a break = to make a break) or conditions (to have a headache = to feel pain in your head) Is used with countable (can be count) nouns and uncountable (can’t be count) nouns QUANTITY In positive sentences we use universal adjectives (a lot of, some, enough) to talk about quantity And: • few, many - for countable • little, much - for uncountable In negative sentences and questions we use universal adjectives (any, enough) And: • many - for countable • much - for uncountable “Have got” is used in British English and not described in this book SINGULAR vs PLURAL Singular countable: add article “a(n)” or “the” Plural countable: add ending “s” Use auxiliary verb “to do” (modal verb “will” for future tense) to create negative sentences and questions + STATEMENTS (positive) • She has a friend • I had a lot of success • She has few enemies • We will have too much freedom • They have too many ideas SIMPLE NEGATIVE Just add particle “no” after the verb ”have” (have no, has no, had no, will have no) In this case we don’t use article • I have no dog • They will have no families • She had no time - STATEMENTS (negative) • He does not have much money • She won’t have many assets • I don’t have any time • I not have fame • She didn’t have any problems • We didn’t have enough glory CONJUNCTIONS She has both many friends and much money I will have either few friends or lot of money We had neither time nor glory + QUESTIONS (positive) • Do you have a job? • Does he have much strength? • Did we have many duties? • Will they have any questions? • Does she have a rest? - QUESTIONS (negative) • Don’t you have enough time? • Doesn’t he have much wine? • Didn’t we have many books? • Didn’t you have breakfast? TO DO And all other verbs (excluding modals) REGULAR vs IRREGULAR VERBS Regular – create past form with ending “ed” • love - loved Irregular – with 2-nd form (V2) • go – went HOW TO USE TEMPLATE Put any verb into the grammar table – it will show you the correct way to use verbs in sentences Use auxiliary verb “to do” to create questions + STATEMENTS (positive) • I always believe you • She never loved me • He respects his parents • They will come tomorrow • We spent all money yesterday • He built me another house - STATEMENTS (negative) • He didn’t usually pay me • She doesn’t give some money to him • We didn’t invite them • I won’t send you a letter • I don’t meet anyone here + QUESTIONS (positive) • Did he drink anything? • Do you believe me? • Will you find a job for me? • Will he find me a job next week? • Does she know someone in the city? • Does he usually borrow money from you? - QUESTIONS (negative) • Don’t you always teach her English? • Doesn’t she betray him? • Didn’t they catch anything? • Didn’t he tell us a wonderful story? General Tag Questions < I He She It We You They I He She It We You They was = am > kind is isn’t wasn’t pretty = aren’t isn’t ugly very too rather somewhat a bit quite are am not wasn’t < lazy will be were Simple Tenses Tenses Simple strong weren’t won’t I he she It we you they will I he she It we you they aren’t generous frank am modest was mean is cheerful won’t be > weak weren’t aren’t were greedy are ? < I We You They He She It < > have will have had He She It I We You They = has didn’t have don’t have a (n)+ enough some any won’t have (a) few (a) little (too) many (too) much relative husband son illusion ticket duty suit fault +s joy shame courage pity power strength water wine = > haven’t hadn’t won’t hasn’t he she it have I we you they had doesn’t have I we you they will he she it has ? < I We You They +ed He She It V2 I We You They He She It = regular will or +s don’t didn’t won’t doesn’t < > respect praise answer dance marry play study divorce irregular V2 teach sell tell feed eat wear sing go taught sold told fed ate wore sang went = > don’t didn’t won’t he she it doesn’t did will does I we you they I we you they he she it Indirect General Questions < I He She It Everybody Nobody We You They I We You They He She It Everybody Nobody Simple Tenses Tenses Simple = am was is will be were are < = in love in a hurry in despair in debt in Paris in China in prison ask > wonder asks If wonders whether Could you tell me Do you know I’d like to know I am wondering I We You They He She It Everybody Nobody silly greedy lazy jealous (of) moody impudent selfish very too rather somewhat a bit quite > a (n)+ have will have had enough some any has a (n)+ break talk breakfast walk party lunch at school at work at home at Jon’s on duty on leave on pension (a) few (a) little (too) many (too) much house fault problem idea thought job choice drink argue dinner +s quarrel dream tea regular < I We You They He She It Everybody Nobody always never often usually seldom = > .+ed will or V2 +s wait (for) refuse treat marry cure envy die irregular teach learn lose drink find swim think luck progress success freedom sugar love work (with) coffee + ed smoke divorce respect call (up)(on) smile (at) look (at) laugh (at) V2 taught learnt lost drank found swam thought Grammar Templates’ Keys Simple Tenses Tenses Simple GENERAL TAG QUESTIONS A special construction in English - it is a statement followed by a mini-question TO BE (+) • I am wrong, aren’t I? • She is very pretty, isn’t she? • They are a bit ugly, aren’t they? • He was at work, wasn’t he? • They were lazy, weren’t they? • We will be happy, won’t we? TO BE (-) • I am not greedy, am I? • She isn’t strong, is she? • We aren’t very modest, are we? • He wasn’t greedy, was he? • They weren’t cheerful, were they? • He won’t be rather kind, will he? Answering tag questions Answer a tag question according to the truth of the situation Your answer reflects the real facts, not the question • Sugar is sweet, isn’t it? - Yes (it is) • Sugar isn’t sweet, is it? - Yes it is! • Sugar is bitter, isn’t it? - No it isn’t! • Sugar isn’t bitter, is it? - No (it isn’t) TO HAVE (+) • I have enough duties, haven’t I? • He has many friends, hasn’t he? • We have a little pity, haven’t we? • They had much wine, hadn’t they? • She will have some water, won’t she? TO DO (+) • I study well, don’t I? • She always answers you, doesn’t she? • He divorced her, didn’t he? • They sang poorly, didn’t they? • We will eat some fish, won’t we? TO HAVE (-) • You don’t have any relatives, have you? • She doesn’t have much joy, has she? • You didn’t have many faults, had you? • He won’t have much courage, will he? TO DO (-) • I don’t praise them, I? • He doesn’t dance a lot, does she? • We didn’t wear jeans, did we? • You won’t go, will you? Attention! The adverbs never, rarely, seldom, hardly, barely and scarcely have a negative sense We treat statements with these words like negative statements, so the question tag is normally positive: • He never saw you, did he? • She seldom comes in time, does she? Specific cases: The basic structure of tag questions is positive-negative or negative-positive Sometimes it is possible to use a positive-positive or negative-negative structure to express interest, surprise, anger etc, and not to make real questions: • She is really wonderful, is she? INDIRECT GENERAL QUESTIONS A part of reported speech – when we tell someone what another person asks or wonders TO BE • I wonder if he is at home now • They ask if you are in London • We ask whether they were busy yesterday • She asks if we will be very greedy • Everybody wonders whether you are away • He asks if she was at work last night • Could you tell me if she is single TO HAVE • Everybody asks if you have many ideas • We wonder if he has enough freedom • She asks whether you had a job last year • They wonder whether we will have much work next month • I wonder whether he had a house • Do you know whether she has a husband TO DO • They ask if you smoke much • We wonder if she envies us • He asks whether she will marry him • She wonders if he drank much yesterday • They wander if he often smiles at me • I wonder if you learnt English at school • Could you tell me if she found a new job TO BE (-) • He doesn’t ask if you are busy • She asks whether they are not rich • Could you tell me whether they are not in a hurry TO HAVE (-) • We don’t wonder whether they have little progress • I’d like to know if she has no job • She asks whether he doesn’t have any shame TO DO (-) • She doesn’t wonder if you love her • They ask whether you don’t love her • I am not wondering whether she lost her mind Attention! There is no question mark at the end of the indirect question Reported (Indirect) Questions in the Past We need to change tense: • She said: “Is he free?” - She asked if he was free • They said: “Does he like tea?” - They wondered if he liked tea • He said:” Will you be happy?” - He asked if you would be happy • He said: ”Does she love him?” – He wondered if she loved him “if” and “whether” have the same meaning "Whether" is a little more formal and more usual in writing Special Questions – Part Past Why Where When Was Wasn’t What Pres Future Am Aren’t I Is Isn’t he she It everybody nobody Will Won’t How Whom Were Weren’t Simple Tenses Tenses Simple Are Aren’t be we you they (not) patient calm lonely hungry cheerful very right ready too cross rather wise a bit bald quite thirsty moody wrong young lazy kind pretty strong generous frank modest sly afraid (of) jealous (of) weak greedy mean impudent in love in a hurry in despair in debt in Paris in China in prison at school at work at home at Jon’s on duty on leave on pension enough some few Past Pres I we you they don’t did -didn’t does doesn’t many will -won’t a (n)+ car have he she it everybody nobody house fault problem question idea enemy thought job choice asset kid answer doubt friend thing debt right a (n)+ break walk party talk breakfast Past Pres Future I we you they don’t did -didn’t Who does doesn’t will won’t he she it everybody nobody was is will be had has will have …+ed / v2 …+s will … always never often seldom usually +… little any Future drink argue lunch regular live study work love hate earn ask warn dance kiss +s dinner help play invite promise borrow travel wait (for) refuse treat marry money time power desire glory future joy hatred hope quarrel dream tea irregular go come meet see eat drink speak sing sleep much luck progress success freedom wine bread sugar love work (with) coffee V2 did went came met saw ate drank spoke sang slept no ? 10 Infinitive – Questions < Why was -wasn’t Where When What Whom = am -am not aren’t > is -isn’t will -won’t were -weren’t are -aren’t was -wasn’t is -isn’t Who Simple Tenses Tenses Simple ? I he she It able glad/sad happy proud sorry surprised be we you they to (not) be will be -won’t be going was -wasn’t is -isn’t will -won’t difficult easy simple possible (un)real nice be it = (a) few (too) many did -didn’t -don’t does -doesn’t had Who + > has will -won’t did -didn’t Who +ed or V2 = -don’t does -doesn’t +s desire wish opportunity attempt (not) to have - enough some any (any) will have would (not) < a+ chance have he she it a lot of enough some I we you they will car asset kid house fault problem question doubt friend thing debt idea enemy thought job (a) little (too) much +s money time power desire glory future joy luck progress success freedom wine bread sugar love ? like > will -won’t wrong single funny free there old merry at school at work at home at Jon’s on duty on leave on pension ? a (n) < right married ready busy here new sad in love in a hurry in despair in debt in Paris in China in prison I we you they he she it like want agree decide learn manage fail hope plan pretend refuse try forget know how (not) to go come meet see eat leave drink speak sing sleep teach learn lose live study work love hate ask warn play invite promise borrow travel wait (for) refuse sell pay spend lend feed read write smoke divorce respect cure envy look (at) laugh (at) Grammar Templates’ Keys Simple Tenses Tenses Simple 9-10 INFINITIVE The infinitive names an action (to walk around) or state (to be happy), but cannot show person, number, or mood TO BE • I am able to be at home in minutes • She is very glad to be married • You are happy to have a lot of assets • He was proud to have enough things • We were sorry to smoke here • They will be surprised to look at me • Everybody is sad to have a fault TO HAVE • I have a chance to be near you • She has a desire to have a lot of success • They had a wish to have enough ideas • We will have an opportunity to have some food • I had a chance to earn a lot of money • We had an opportunity to travel a lot TO BE (-) • He is not able to be right • I am not happy to it • We are not proud to have a small house • She was not surprised to see hm • We were not glad to borrow money from you • I am happy not to have enemies • She will be glad not to be funny TO HAVE (-) • We don’t have a chance to have many problems • He doesn’t have a desire to have much power • They didn’t have a attempt to be on duty • I have a chance not to wait for him • She has a wish not to be sad • I didn’t have any chance to work • • • • • • • • • • • • It is difficult to be rich It was easy to live happily It will be possible to have enough joy It is not simple to be here It was not nice to have an argue It is easy not to invite us She has something to show you They had nothing to tell She has someone to love We will have no one to have a talk with I didn’t have anything to eat She doesn’t have anyone to be happy TO DO • They like to go to the cinema • I want to come • He agrees to have kids • We decided to refuse him • I will promise you to be ready • She failed to have a lot of love • They forgot to warn me • I now how to work well • She knows how to feed the dog • We knew how to be rich TO DO (-) • She doesn’t plan to divorce him • We didn’t pretend to be in love • They don’t try to have a family • We won’t manage to have many ideas • I decided not to envy him • • • • • • I would like to be famous She would like to have children They would like to study We wouldn’t like to sleep much He wouldn’t like to write a letter They wouldn’t like to have friends TO BE (?) • Am I happy to see you? • Is she proud to have much success? • Are you sorry to divorce her? • Was he glad not to see me? • Were they sad not to have many duties? • Will you be able not to be in a hurry? • Won’t she be sorry to have desire? • Aren’t I sorry not to have any thoughts? • Was it difficult to be married? • Is it simple not to have any friends? • Will it be nice to drink much? • Wasn’t it possible to have bright future? TO HAVE (?) • Do you have a chance to be free? • Does she have a wish to be married? • Did they have a desire to live in Paris? • Will we have an attempt to have many questions? • Don’t you have a chance to be at work? • Doesn’t he have a wish to have luck? • Didn’t everybody have any chance to ask a question? • Won’t you have an opportunity to have enough assets? TO DO (?) • Do you like to be happy? • Does he want to respect my parents? • Did she agree to play with me? • Will they decide to have kids? • Don’t you hope to leave the city? • Doesn’t she try to have much money? • Didn’t I plan to see him then? • Would you like to have love? • Would she like to be at Jon’s? • Wouldn’t they like to speak? • Wouldn’t he like to have problems? TO BE (?) • Why am I happy to be near you? • Where is she able to sing? • When are you happy to have much glory? • What were they proud to have? • Whom will you be glad to lend money? • Who is able to be merry? • Who was sad to have many kids? • Who will be able to be ready? • Who isn’t proud to see me? • What was difficult to buy? • What is easy to have? • What won’t be possible to lose? TO HAVE (?) • Why you have a chance to cure him? • Where does he have a wish to be happy? • When did we have a desire to study? • Whom did they have a chance to have a talk with? • Who has a wish to sleep? • Who had a chance to be at home? • Who will have a wish to sell a car? • Who doesn’t have a chance to be free? • Who didn’t have any chance to meet her? TO DO (?) • Why you agree to meet me? • Where does she want to have a house? • When did we plan to be in Rome? • Why don’t you pretend to love her? • What does he pretend to do? • Whom will they forget to give a gift? • Who tried to love her? • Who wants to have a dog? • Who will refuse to see you? • Who didn’t manage to drive a car? • Who doesn’t learn to be honest? Important! When you use an infinitive verb, the "to" is a part of the verb “To” is not a preposition in this case Note: As a rule, the infinitive is preceded by the particle "to" The particle "to" is omitted after modal verbs, after the verbs "make, let", after the verb "help" in American English (Chapter 12) In proprr cases use “going to” if you have already decided to something and “will” if you make a decision right now during a conversation 11 Complex Object with Infinitive Simple Tenses Tenses Simple ? +/- < = I We You They +ed He She It V2 > right married ready busy here new sad in love in a hurry in despair in debt in Paris in China in prison will or to (not) +s be would (not) like want ask expect invite promise remind tell wait (for) wish advise allow forbid hire need offer permit warn teach Why Where When What How Whom < did -didn’t = > -don’t does -doesn’t will -won’t Who +s would (not) like ? (a) few (too) many a (n) + (not) a lot of enough some to have - enough some any +/- ? car asset kid house fault problem question doubt friend thing debt idea enemy thought job (a) little (too) much +s money time power desire glory future joy luck progress success freedom wine bread sugar love I we you they ? he she it would (not) +ed or V2 me us you them him her everybody anyone nobody each of us each of them wrong single funny free there old merry at school at work at home at Jon’s on duty on leave on pension like will (not) to go come meet see eat leave drink speak sing sleep teach learn lose sell pay spend lend feed read write live study work love hate ask warn play invite promise borrow travel wait (for) refuse smoke divorce respect cure envy look (at) laugh (at) 12 Complex Object with Zero Infinitive and Participle +/- < = I We You They +ed He She It V2 > Simple Tenses Tenses Simple There is no “to” after the verb "help" in American English will or Verbs, using with Zero Infinitive and Participle +s + Zero Infinitive let make help (to) have see watch notice hear feel let made helped (to) had saw watched noticed heard felt + Participle see watch notice hear feel Why Where saw watched noticed heard felt When What How me us you them him her everybody anyone nobody each of us each of them show dig run put walk pull push draw stay kick give take open cross enter tremble break go out shake cry leave crawl climb scold close cook apologize lie smile laugh shout quarrel argue shiver whisper listen jump breathe fall (down) (to) (to) (at) (at) (at) (with) (with) (with) (to) (to) (for) me her him us you them +ing Whom < did -didn’t Who = -don’t does -doesn’t +ed or V2 +s > +/- ? will -won’t will I we you they he she it ? Grammar Templates’ Keys Simple Tenses Tenses Simple 11 COMPLEX OBJECT with Infinitive It’s used when one object affects another (“He asked her to come” – he affects her) (+) • • • • • • • • I want you to be my friend She expects him to have a lot of questions We advised her to study hard She will offer him to be funny They told me to have some wine She allows her kids to learn French She would like him to have a lot of glory They would like me to see the world (-) • • • • • • • They told me not to have much wine She doesn’t allow her kids to learn French We don’t hire him to build a house He didn’t need you to have success She permits him not to be merry We wouldn’t like her to be single I would like him not to have many doubts (+?) • Do you wait for him to have a dance with? • Does she promise them to be polite? • Did we allow each of them to borrow bikes? • Will he offer her to come later? • Would you like me to help you? • Would he like everybody to leave? • Do you allow anyone to talk to you? (-?) • Don’t we expect her to have lunch? • Doesn’t she allow us to drink? • Didn’t everybody ask each of us to respect him? • Won’t you remind them to come in time? • Wouldn’t you like me to go with you? • Wouldn’t she like him to dance? Note: Complex direct object is a combination of a direct object (noun or pronoun) with an infinitive, participle, noun, or adjective Transitive verbs "expect, want, consider, find, hear, see, make" and some others are often followed by a direct object and an infinitive After "consider, find", the infinitive is usually "to be", but it may be omitted After “let, make, have, see, watch notice, hear, feel", the infinitive is used without "to“ – Zero (Bare) Infinitive (special +?) • Why we want him to be at home? • Where does he ask you to wait for him? • When did they permit everybody to have some freedom? • What will he expect us to say? • How does she teach him to be brave? • Whom did they tell to meet me at the station? • Why would he like nobody to smoke? (special -?) • Why don’t you need me to help? • Where doesn’t he ask me to have too many books? • When didn’t she permit you to kiss? • How don’t you ask him to be there? • Whom doesn’t she expect us to see? • • • • • • Who wants me to come? Who taught you to speak English? Who advised them to divorce? Who will hire you to create TV advertising? Who would like them to have a break? Who wouldn’t like me to be right? 12 COMPLEX OBJECT with Zero Infinitive Use Zero Infinitive (without “to”) after verbs (+) • • • • • • • • • I usually let him show the example They made me cry You helped us (to) stay alive She has him to run fast We saw him enter the room I will watch her climb the tree They noticed us shake the bottle You hear him break the window She feels me tremble (-) • • • • • I don’t let you apologize to him They don’t make him lie to her He doesn’t help me (to) smile at her They don’t have us laugh at you She didn’t see me argue with them (+?) • Do you watch him shiver with cold? • Does he notice us listen to the music? • Did we hear him shout at her? • Will she feel him breathe hard? (special +?) • Why you let her go? • Where does he see us jump over the fence? • When did we hear him enter the room? • What did you see him give us? • How will he notice me go out? • Whom you usually let him whisper? (-?) • Don’t we see her quarrel with friends? • Doesn’t you often watch her laugh at me? • Didn’t they notice him shout at his wife? (special -?) • Why doesn’t he let us apologize? • When didn’t anyone watch me kick the ass? • What didn’t they feel each of us tremble? • • • • Who makes me break the rules? Who saw them dig a pit? Who noticed us argue? Who will hear her leave the car? 12 COMPLEX OBJECT with Participle Use Participle (verb +ing) after verbs (+) • • • • • I saw you dancing She watched me jumping They notice us shouting at kids We hear you breathing They feel her shivering with cold (+?) • Did you see her dancing? • Will she watch me jumping? • Do they notice us shouting? • Does he hear us breathing? • Did they feel her shivering? (special +?) • Why did you see her dancing? • Where will she watch me jumping? • When they notice us shouting? • What does he hear us shouting? • How did they feel her shivering? (-) • • • • • She didn’t see me drawing the picture He doesn’t watch her falling down They didn’t notice us crossing the street We won’t hear him crying She doesn’t feel him trembling (-?) • Didn’t you see me laughing? • Doesn’t they watch him walking? • Didn’t they notice us opening the door? • Won’t we hear him arguing? • Doesn’t she feel me shivering? (special -?) • Why didn’t you see me laughing? • Where doesn’t they watch him walking? • When didn’t they notice us falling? 13 There is / There are Simple Tenses Tenses Simple Non-count Nouns a lot of money time power desire bread butter mud blood water music peace progress hatred sand plenty of enough some (a) little not much a large amount of There (not any) < = > was is will be no information justice advertising alcohol baggage dust air clothing cooperation electricity energy employment personnel work Count Nouns There < = was is were are > a (n) (not any) singular will be no plural (a) few not many a large number of a lot of job problem thing chair kid bottle holiday rug car ticket friend sofa vegetable enemy bed apple star book door answer question window impression drink +s plenty of enough some money time power desire How much future joy hatred hope luck progress success freedom wine sugar love work What (kind of) < = was is were are there will car asset answer doubt How many friend thing debt right house fault problem question enemy thought job choice +s ? > be Some Non-count Nouns accommodation advertising advice air alcohol baggage behavior blood bread butter cattle childhood clothing compassion cooperation desire despair dust earth electricity energy employment entertainment furniture gold hatred health homework imagination information humanity humor justice knowledge leisure literature loneliness luck machinery maturity money mud music news nonsense peace permission personnel petrol pig iron poultry poverty produce progress power revenge steel safety sand scenery soap time traffic travel unemployment violence water weather welfare work Grammar Templates’ Keys Simple Tenses Tenses Simple 13 THERE IS / THERE ARE Ф special language construct for describing the existence or location of objects Non-Count Nouns Count Nouns - SINGULAR Count Nouns - PLURAL (+) • There is a lot of information in the internet • There is plenty of energy on the earth • There was enough air in the room • There was some power in his arms • There will be a little justice • There will be not much music (+) • There is a problem in the code • There was a chair in the room • There will be a holiday tomorrow (+) • There are a lot of enemies • There were few cars on the street • There will be some holidays in December (-) • • • • There is no progress There was no money There is not much mud on the street There was not any work in the city (?) • Is there much desire? • Was there plenty of water? • Will there be little progress? (special ?) • Why is there much butter in the cake? • When was there any clothing? • • • • (-) • • • • • There is no enemy here There was no question There is not any problem There was not any window There will be not any impression (?) • • • • • (-) • • • • • Is there a bottle on the shelf? Was there an answer? Will there be any star in the sky? Isn’t there any apple? Wasn’t there any book? (?) • Are there many tickets? • Were there enough bottles? • Will there be a few kids? • Aren’t there many books? • Weren’t there plenty of vegetables? (special ?) • Why are there few bottles? • Why were there not many friends? (special ?) • Why is there no rug? • Why wasn’t there any door? • • • • How much money is there? How much power was there? How much freedom is there? How much hope will there be? There is How many answers were there? How many things are there? How many problems are there? How many houses will there be? There are fresh air flowers in the room a TV pictures on the wall a carpet slippers under the sofa a lamp bottles above the table a bookcase flowers behind the armchair a rug newspapers near the fireplace a magazine rack magazines a table flowers between the sofa and the fireplace a painting bottles opposite the window in front of the table round the table a wastebasket some space There are not many impressions There were not enough things There won’t be many questions There are not any answers There were no problems chairs at the table Only singular politics tactics news mathematics physics economics billiards mechanics measles mumps Only plural people police clothes grounds talks trousers goods pincers pliers scales scissors spectacles/glasses the unemployed 14 Degrees of Comparison - Adjectives …+er the …+est …+ier less … < I was -wasn’t He She were -weren’t We You They was -wasn’t Who What = > old rich hot big soft tall thin low weak sharp wide deep warm slim dim gentle clear cheep fresh fast sweet loud calm large new wet sad clean dull mild long hard ripe sour late am -am not is -isn’t will be -won’t be are -aren’t is -isn’t will be -won’t be Why young poor cold small hard short thick high strong blunt narrow shallow cool fat bright cruel vague dear stale slow bitter quiet mad minor clever old dry keen neat severe short simple green sweet Simple Tenses Tenses Simple the …+iest less … angry busy chilly crazy fussy fuzzy greedy happy healthy heavy juicy lazy Lucky dirty tiny silly (than) messy naughty noisy nosy pretty shy sly spicy tasty ugly witty funny merry early salty more … the most … less … the least … active attractive careful comfortable complicated convenient delicious difficult excited expensive famous handsome indifferent important interesting possible probable profitable serious significant terrible awesome upset wonderful worried endless lifeless helpless (than) boy / girl lady driver flat job chair food task person look writer man sight issue book chance solution business question event day dress parents night mother story body child among us / them (spoken English) (than) me us you them him her any of us / them When anyone else Whom (formal English) I Past Pres Future we/you/they Am Aren’t Was Wasn’t Were Weren’t he/she ? was were am is will are I exceptions Is Isn’t Are Aren’t Will Won’t he she It we you they be (a) good better bad worse far farther far further little less old elder (than) the… best worst farthest furthest least eldest Grammar Templates’ Keys Simple Tenses Tenses Simple 14 DEGREES OF COMPARISON - ADJECTIVES Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives One-syllable Most two-syllable and three or more syllables Type 1A – add suffixes: Comparative degree: …+er Superlative degree: …+est Type 1B – add suffixes: Comparative degree: …+ier Superlative degree: …+iest Type – add: Comparative degree: more … Superlative degree: the most … (comparative +) • She was younger • It was hotter yesterday • She will be weaker than I (will) • This knife is sharper than that one • They are fatter than their sister • She was richer than any of us (comparative +) • I am angrier today than she was yesterday • He is busier than anyone else • They were happier days ago • It will be juicier in weeks • She was either greedier or crazier than I • We will be both luckier and busier than you (comparative +) • It is more important than my business • He was more handsome than his brother • It will be more interesting • He is more upset today then he was yesterday • We were more excited about your book (comparative -) • We are not taller than he (is) • She is not cleverer than he (is) • It won’t be sweeter than honey • It is less wide • We are less calm than you are • I am less strong today (superlative +) • This river is the deepest and the longest • I am the oldest among us • He was the richest among them • They were the greatest actors (superlative -) • He is not the slowest runner • I am not the cleverest • Tesla model wont be the cheapest car • We were not the latest (?) • • • • • • • • • Am I slimmer than he (is)? Was she shorter than I? Were they higher? Will we be faster? Aren’t I louder than everybody (is)? Isn’t he quieter than we are? Isn’t it wetter? Is it less green? Was she less sad? (special ?) • Why is it fresher than that? • Why are you fatter than we are? • When will you be louder? • Whom were you taller? • Whom is she weaker? • Who is the coolest? • Who was bigger than you? • What is the dirtiest? • What is less dry? • Which wine is less sweet? • Which car is the cheapest? Note! Black knife less sharp than green = Green knife is sharper than black (comparative -) • She is not healthier than her father • We were not uglier than he (was) • He was not luckier than I am • I am neither uglier nor wittier than she • We were less lucky than you are now (superlative +) • This box is the heaviest • It was the tastiest dish in the restaurant • I am the craziest among us • He is both the happiest and the healthiest (superlative -) • He is not the noisiest man • I am not the laziest among then • She was not the busiest • We were not the prettiest (?) • • • • • • • • Is she happier than we are? Was he lazier than I? Will he be busier than you? Are they messier than anyone else? Is he less lucky? Aren’t you the strongest? Wasn’t she less happy? Will they be less noisy? (special ?) • Why is it heavier than stone? • Why are you busier than your friends? • Why were they the nosiest? • Whom are you crazier? • Whom am I luckier? • Who will be angrier? • Who was the ugliest among us? • What is juicier: apple or pear? • What will be the tastiest? • Which apple is tastier? • Which man was the heaviest? • Which dish will be the cheapest? Exceptions • She is better than I She is the best • It was worse It was the worst • This city is farther then you think • We study further • He is elder son in the family (comparative -) • She is not more serious • I am not more famous than you (are) • It is less expensive than that • It is less terrible • She is not more wonderful than you (superlative +) • This artist is the most famous in the West • She is the most important person • He was the most serious boss • She will be the most worried mother (superlative -) • He is not the most handsome man • It was not the most interesting book • I am not the most careful driver • It is the least difficult task • It will be the least expensive look (?) • • • • • • • Are you more reliable? Isn’t she more worried? Was he more famous? Were they the most terrible? Will we be the most handsome? Is it the least possible chance? Am I less upset than you? (special ?) • Why is she more wonderful today? • Why was he more attractive? • Why will we be the most terrible workers? • When will they be the most worried? • When was it more convenient? • Whom is she more interesting? • Who is more lifeless? • Who was the most careful? • What is more important? • What was the most complicated? • Which book was more interesting? • Which car is the most expensive? Note! the least expensive = the cheapest 15 Degrees of Comparison - Adverbs < I We You They He She It Who = > -don’t +ed or V2 -didn’t +s -doesn’t +ed or V2 +s will -won’t …+(i)er regular study work live earn borrow +ed will high fast easy late long near slow (than) V2 speak eat drink drive learn sing read come lose win go become (the*) …+(i)est less … answer cook walk dress behave irregular Simple Tenses Tenses Simple spoke ate drank drove learnt sang read came lost won went became low slow hard early loudly soon quick exceptions bad(ly) well far far little much worse better farther further less more (than) more … (the*) most … less … (the*) least … often seldom quietly brightly silently frankly slowly (than) wisely proudly properly happily simply carefully quickly (the*)… or worst best farthest furthest least most of all among us / them (spoken English) exceptions slow – slower – (the) slowest slowly – more slowly – (the) most slowly quick – quicker – (the) quickest quickly – more quickly – (the) most quickly any of us / them me us you them him her * Article (the) is optional in superlative form anyone else (formal English) I/we/you/they he/she did does will Why When Whom < I We You They = had -didn’t have He She It > have -don’t have has -doesn’t have (a) will have -won’t have good bad little few much many better worse less fewer the… best worst least fewest more most (than) as much … as … much more … as many … as … many more … much less … far fewer … joy rest time work food lunch power glory meat car kid flat hope book talk thing house enemy future money choice memory freedom business industry voice produce any of us / them among us / them anyone else Who had has will have I/we/you/they he/she had have has will income friend problem thought condition question holiday fault asset +s Grammar Templates’ Keys Simple Tenses Tenses Simple 15 DEGREES OF COMPARISON - ADVERBS Comparative and superlative forms of adverbs Most two-syllable and three or more syllables One-syllable Type 1A – add suffixes: Comparative degree: …+er Superlative degree: …+est Type 1B – add suffixes: Comparative degree: …+ier Superlative degree: …+iest Type – add: Comparative degree: more … Superlative degree: the most … (comparative +) • He goes higher than she (does) • I worked faster than you (do) • They speak English easier • I play longer than you (comparative +) • She usually comes earlier then I (do) • She walks easier (comparative +) • I drink more seldom then you • We study more properly • She reads the book more carefully (comparative -) • She doesn’t work harder than any of us • I won’t come earlier than any of them • He didn’t learn longer than I (do) (superlative +) • He woke up (the) earli0est this morning • It will be the easiest question (superlative +) • She sings (the) most brightly among them • I drive (the) most quickly • We will win it (the) most simply (superlative +) • She eats (the) slowest among them • I enjoyed (the) longest day in my life Exceptions – comparative form • She sings worse then he • I speak English better than you • They live farther then their parents • We will work further • They drank less yesterday • We spent more money than you Exceptions – superlative form • She sings (the) worst • I speak English best of all • They live (the) farthest among them • He will go (the) furthest • They drank least of all yesterday • I earn (the) most among us (?) • Does she speak English better than I (do)? • Do you study harder than she? • Did we run faster? • Will he earn more than any of us? • Do you sing (the) best? • Does he eat most of all? • Did they come (the) latest? (?) • Does she learn easier? • Did he come earlier? (special ?) • Who works easier? • Why did they wake up earlier? • When will you come the earliest? (special ?) • Who played tennis better? • Who reads less? • Who will sing (the) best? • Why does she answer faster? Countable nouns (comparative -) • He doesn’t live more happily then we • They didn’t drive more slowly • They dove less carefully (?) • Does he borrow money more often this year? • Do you drive more carefully than she (does)? • Did he dress more quickly? • Will we run (the) most slowly? (special ?) • Who loses money more simply? • Who will play more brightly? • Who spoke more proudly? • Who came (the) most silently? • Why did he cook more carefully then she? • When will she behave more properly? Non-countable nouns (comparative +) • He has a better house than I (have) • She had more friends • We have fewer problems than you (have) • I will have many more things than you • She has as many kids as I have • You will have far fewer enemies (comparative +) • He has better life than we (have) • They will have more money • I had less time than you (had) • We had much more work than they (had) • I have as much glory as she (has) • We had much less freedom (superlative +) • She had the best books in the class • We have the worst incomes (superlative +) • I have the best future among them • He has the worst time with her (?) • Did he have a better holiday yesterday? • Do they have fewer thoughts than we? (?) • Do you have less money then she? • Did she have more work? (special ?) • Who has more cars? • Who had a worse house? (special ?) • Who will have better memory? • Who has the worst voice? Note! Adverbs (mostly adverbs of manner and some adverbs of other types) can form degrees of comparison in the same way as adjectives The comparative degree of adverbs is used more widely than the superlative degree The definite article (the) before the superlative form of adverbs is often omitted Note! • Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form: bad, high, fast , hard, low, etc • Article (the) is optional in superlative form • In spoken English you can say “She speaks better than me/him/her/us/them” But in formal – “She speaks better than I/he/she/ we/they” 16 Conditional One - Statements Simple Tenses Tenses Simple = I am -am not He She is -isn’t We You They are -aren’t very too a bit quite right married ready busy here new sad wrong single late free there old merry If When Even if As soon as Once In case Till Until While Unless be , = I We You They have -don’t have He She It has -doesn’t have a (n) house He She It -don’t +s -doesn’t live study work love hate earn warn will a (n) +s + money time power desire glory future work - sell pay spend lend feed read teach wrong single funny free there old merry at school at work at home at Jon’s on duty on leave on pension (won’t) fault problem idea thought job choice = I We You They I he she it we you they right married ready busy here new sad in love in a hurry in despair in debt in Paris in China in prison a lot of enough some have enough some any (a) few (a) little (too) many (too) much car asset kid house fault problem question doubt friend thing debt idea enemy thought job +s money time power desire glory future joy luck progress success freedom wine bread sugar love go come meet see eat leave drink speak sing sleep teach learn lose sell pay spend lend feed read write live study work love hate ask warn play invite promise borrow travel wait (for) refuse smoke divorce respect cure envy look (at) laugh (at) 17 Conditional One - Questions right married ready busy here new sad in love in a hurry in despair in debt in Paris in China in prison be Why What When Where How Simple Tenses Tenses Simple wrong single funny free there old merry at school at work at home at Jon’s on duty on leave on pension = I am -am not He She is -isn’t We You They are -aren’t very too a bit quite right married ready busy here new sad wrong single late free there old merry ? will (won’t) I he she it we you they (a) few (too) many + a (n) a lot of enough some have Who will enough some any car asset kid house fault problem question doubt friend thing debt idea enemy thought job (a) little (too) much +s money time power desire glory future joy luck progress success freedom wine bread sugar love go come meet see eat leave drink speak sing sleep teach learn lose sell pay spend lend feed read write live study work love hate ask warn play invite promise borrow travel wait (for) refuse smoke divorce respect cure envy look (at) laugh (at) a (n) house = , if when even if as soon as once in case till until while unless I We You They He She It have -don’t have has -doesn’t have +s fault problem idea thought job choice money time power desire glory future work = I We You They -don’t He She It +s -doesn’t live study work love hate earn warn sell pay spend lend feed read teach 18 Conditional One – Other Cases If I we you they he she one like(s) dance live cook play lie look (at) walk kiss sing speak +s teach ran swim sleep feed I we you they don’t the way he she one doesn’t Simple Tenses Tenses Simple happy single busy free there clever merry be a be don’t If I we you they he she one let help(to) me make her want him ask us tell you +s see them hear feel have near away here free rich ready lazy , a (n) kid to have will invite praise wait (for) refuse force offer advise tell buy teach pay warn prefer hire fire +s run draw leave walk stay argue laugh +ing If it doesn’t rain snow freeze melt +s happen get dark get warmer get colder serious good great nice easy clear fine bad job health fame future life choice taste luck (won’t) house car money happiness love go come smile shout breath cry doesn’t I he she it we you they angry nervous upset in trouble in despair in danger sad will , there (won’t) be a lot of plenty of enough some me her him us you them love joy luck time money success freedom water snow ice thing hope idea dream +s Grammar Templates’ Keys Simple Tenses Tenses Simple 16-18 CONDITIONAL Real condition in future - it's used to talk about things which might happen in the future (+/-) • If you are right, she will be very happy • If she is busy tomorrow, I will be at work • If you are single, you will have a lot of free time • If she is rich, she will have enough things • If we are in a hurry, we will work faster • Even if she is married, I will love her • When he is back, he will tell me about his journey • Till you are here, I will go to the shop • Until we are not clever, we won’t earn much money • Once everybody is happy, I will have success • Even if you are in trouble, she will love you • Unless he is hungry, he will walk further (+/-) • If I have a lot of money, I will be happy • If he has a problem, he won’t be at home • If you have no time, you won’t have much freedom • If they have some debts, they will have a lot of questions • If I have enough progress in English, I will work for Apple • If she has a job, she will invite us to the party • Till you have no friends, you won’t have success in life • While you don’t have much power, they will teach you • Unless I have some wine, I will be rather sober (+/-) • If I sell a car, I won’t be in debt • If you eat well, you will be healthy • If you spend money, you won’t have a bright future • If she earns a lot, she will have a lot of friends • If you live near, you will come earlier • If they read more, they will speak better • If it rains tomorrow, I won’t come • When you come, I will feed you • As soon as she divorce him, we will get married • Once they see hem, they will offer him a job • In case you are ill, we will help you • Till she is away, I will take care of her dog • Until he comes back, she will have free time No comma: • She will be happy if you are at home • I will be there if she comes in time No comma: • We will warn you if she has problems • I will hate her if she has more lovers No comma: • I will come if you are in trouble • She will love him if he is rich (?) • Will you be sad, if she is not here? • Will she be in love with me, if I am not rich? • Will they be ready, if they have no future? • Will you be right, if we don’t have any questions? • Will she be in despair, if he wastes all money? • Will you be lucky, if she promises you a great love? • Won’t I am glad, once she promises me to be with me? (?) • Will you have enough courage, when she is free? • Will he have too much desire, as soon as she enters the room? • Will they have some wine, in case they meet friends? • Won’t you have much glory, in case they hire you? • Won’t I have many enemies, when I start a new project? (?) • Will we travel a lot, while the weather is good? • Won’t she invite me, even if I am not very polite? • Will she refuse him, if he has no future? • Will we play the piano, if they have a DJ? • Will he wait for me, until I finish my work? • Will we learn English, if we don’t go to the United States? (special ?) • Who will be at home, when she comes? • Who will be ready, when we are there? • Why will they be happy, if I am not right? • What will you have, if you have a lot of time? • When will he look at me, if I am in the red dress? • Where will she be, if she has not any desire? (special ?) • Who will have a house, if it is cold? • Who will have many assets, if there is no money? • Who will have happiness, if she doesn’t smoke? • Why will I have a dog, if I don’t like to walk? (special ?) • Who will be in China, when everybody is ill? • Who will study well, if we have no money? • How will you teach us, if you don’t know English? • Where will you live, if you divorce him? • When will they work, as soon as we hire them? Other cases • • • • If you like the way she dances, she will be nervous If he likes the way I sing, I will have a great future If you don’t like the way he speaks, we won’t buy his book If he doesn’t like the way she looks at him, she won’t have a serious job • • • • • • • If she let me be free, I will prefer her to my wife If they don’t help her (to) have a house, she will refuse them If you want me to be rich, you will advise me If she asks him to have a kid, he will force her to be healthy If she sees me coming, they will have an easy life If I feel you crying, I will give you a candy If she hears me laughing at her, I will be in danger • • • • • • If it rains, there will be a lot of water If it snows, there won’t be enough joy If it doesn’t frees, there won’t be much ice If it happens, I will offer him to leave If it gets colder, they will be cold If it doesn’t get dark, we will go for a walk ... Tenses house job dress flower ticket to for at at at / in / with at / for for from in / with of / from / in to / for to to to to to to to / for to /about to / with with with / about irregular... them to be polite? • Did we allow each of them to borrow bikes? • Will he offer her to come later? • Would you like me to help you? • Would he like everybody to leave? • Do you allow anyone to. .. doesn’t have anyone to be happy TO DO • They like to go to the cinema • I want to come • He agrees to have kids • We decided to refuse him • I will promise you to be ready • She failed to have a lot