Advanced Computer Networks: Lecture 2 - Dr. Amir Qayyum

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Advanced Computer Networks: Lecture 2 - Dr. Amir Qayyum

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Advanced Computer Networks: Lecture 2. This lecture will cover the following: multiplexing and statistical multiplexing; inter-process communication; IPC abstractions; abstract channel functionality; performance metrics; bandwidth versus latency; bandwidth requirements; protocol interfaces;...

CS716 Advanced Computer Networks By Dr. Amir Qayyum Lecture No. 2  Multiplexing • Physical links/switches must be shared among users – (synchronous) Time­Division Multiplexing (TDM) – Frequency­Division Multiplexing (FDM) L1 R1 Multiple flows  on a single link L2 L3 R2 Switch Switch R3 Do you see any problem with TDM / FDM ? Statistical Multiplexing • • • • On­demand time­division, possibly synchronous (ATM) Schedule link on a per­packet basis Buffer packets in switches that are contending for the link Packets from different sources interleaved on link … Do you see any problem ? Statistical Multiplexing • An application needs to break­up its message in packets,  and re­assemble at the receiver • Fair allocation of link capacity: FIFO, round­robin or  QoS • If congestion occurs at a switch ­ buffer may overflow,  packets may be lost … Enough … ? • A network is delivering packets among a  collection of computers • How application processes communicate in  a meaningful way ? • Hide network complexity by implementing  the common services once Inter­Process Communication • Turn host­to­host connectivity into process­to­process  communication, making the communication meaningful • Fill gap between what applications expect and what the  underlying technology provides Host Host Application Host Abstraction for  application­level  communication Channel Application Host Host IPC Abstractions • Semantics and interface depend on applications • Message stream • Request/Reply – distributed file systems • file servers (FTP) – digital libraries / HTTP • information retrieval – video on­demand – video conferencing • reliable ? • prioritized ? • delay/bandwidth guarantees ? • • • • • • delay sensitive two­way frame flow 1/4 NTSC = 352x240 pixels (352 x 240 x 24)/8=247.5KB 30 fps = 7500KBps = 60Mbps 10fps + compression 

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Mục lục

    What Goes Wrong in the Network?

    What Goes Undesirable in the Network?

    Delay x Bandwidth Product

    Protocol Graph – Network Architecture

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