A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Career Orientation for Students: A Case Study in Human Resource Management45299

A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Career Orientation for Students: A Case Study in Human Resource Management Nghiem Thi Lich(1),(*), Dinh Thi Ha (1), Nguyen Thi Lien (1) (1) Thuongmai University, Hanoi, Vietnam * Correspondence: lichnt72@tmu.edu.vn Abstract: Currently, organizations and individual people recognize the capacity of the workforce considered a primary factor to gain their competitiveness and their reputation in the domestic and international markets Identifying students’ career orientation is very important to customize Human Resource Management based on these orientations It should be concerned because it effects on students, families, universities and the development of society The wrong career direction results in unfavorable life Although few fuzzy logic approaches had achieved promising results in personnel selection, this issue has still not solved completely and successfully yet by the existing methods They face a great deal of difficulties and challenges such as a subjective criteria selection, not based on Human management model, in some cases, it could reduce the accurate result We present orientated-career issues, conduct a survey of students' ability to meet professional requirements for businesses based on ASK model and a learning outcome standard A novel approach is proposed to improve the performance of career orientation and test data based on the information of students in a Human Resource Management major at a university Study results suggest that the oriented-career performance has improved spectacularly compared to other methods Keywords: ASK; fuzzy logic; career orientation Introduction In recent years, career orientation has become one of the interesting topics and has received much attention from researchers, businesses, universities, and students It is believed that career orientation is customized Human Resource Management (HRM) practices based on these orientations (Reza et al 2014) Nowadays, students are more exposed with various factors associated with their career decisions which need to be considered like interest in the course, situational factors, parental influence, school attended, gender, prestige attachment and passion (Natividad et al 2019) In addition, their preferred career selection, family, and teachers have a significant effect on the students as well as environmental factors such as friends, opportunity, their own characteristic, and capacity Career orientation for students is a top concern because it not only is a vital importance for students, families, and school but also has a great meaning to society Choosing an appropriate career can help students to have a bright future and become a potential employee in enterprises It also helps universities enhance their curriculum and reputation Otherwise, dissatisfaction, failure and unhappiness in the work-life may cause some psychological issues One of the most important reasons of being unhappy at work is the mismatch between characteristics of jobs that are chosen by the individuals and their own characteristics In the other words, it is wrong career choice itself And this condition shows how important vocational guidance is (Aydan et al 2015) Recently, in Vietnam, there are numerous universities that have applied the learning outcome standards in order to measure the standard level of knowledge and skills after graduation However, with the achieved learning output standards at different levels, many students wonder what exactly they will and where the position is in the future For example, some students have high grades and position in their major but they still have not the right jobs Although some students got high scores at their university, they not find the right job or even unemployed That is why career orientation plays a vital role in choosing the career of youth (Natividad et al 2019), (Aydan et al 2015) Normally, evaluation is to use in the selection or consultation process The right evaluation can make the right choice Although people evaluate by clear detailed points in many cases, it sometimes is not approximate, evaluating students’ achievement or teaching method for example It is difficult to evaluate by point Therefore, it is necessary to have another appropriate evaluation Using fuzzy logic to build an evaluated system or recommendation system is attracted by many researchers This approach will cope with linguistic variables which are words that are less precise than numbers just like in human reasoning (Natividad et al 2019) However, this approach is still based on sensitive factors and the total score during students’ study, not based on a specific model In this paper, we used fuzzy logic and the ASK model to build a career orientation for students at the university, especially HRM major This model will help students to confidently join the labor market after graduating and meeting the learning outcome standards Literature review 2.1 Career orientation Career is one of the main important decisions for people, especially students It will determine their future plans affecting significantly their life Choosing an approximate job is not easy because it is based on many factors Moreover, an organization tends to be used more technological products in order to save the labor and the cost It leads to reduce opportunities for linear career progression (Reza et al 2014) It makes the students to difficultly choose a career path at an early age (Waghmode et al.2015) Thus, students should have an in-depth and thoughtful view of this, especially understanding the importance of career orientation Traditional careers refer to the advancement within a limited number of organizations, contemporary careers reflect a new deal in which the psychological contract between employer and employee does not necessarily include the promise of lifetime employment and steady career advancement (Seyed et al 2014) In the modern, career orientation employees have to engage in a range of career self-management activities to create career options that allow them to realize their personal career targets which ensure their employability 2.2 ASK model One of the typical models used in human resource management is the ASK model This related to individual competence in order to train and develop competence ASK means Attitude, Skills, and Knowledge which are presented professional standards for job titles in organizations ASK model is first introduced by Benjamin Bloom in 1956 that formed the foundation of what personnel does as trainers and learning professionals with three key capabilities A, S, K Attitude is the first group that belongs to the emotional range It includes the worldview’s factors as receiving and responding to phenomena, determining value, and prioritizing values Qualities and behaviors reflect an individual’s attitude to work and, motivation as well as the qualities needed to perform a job well The qualities are also determined the right position at work The second feature in the ASK model is Skill being the ability to perform tasks based on the knowledge According to Dave, skills are normally divided into four major levels such as mimicry (observation and stereotypical behavior), application (perform some actions by following instructions), manipulation (more accurate with each circumstance), creative use (becoming a natural reflex) (Dave 1975) The final feature is Knowledge which belongs to the capacity of thinking, including data collection, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation These are the basic competencies that an individual needs to have at work The complex job will require high level of these capabilities They will be specified based on the characteristics of each enterprise Recently, the ASK model is considered the most popular model to evaluate personnel in the recruiting process and counseling process For students, the important thing after learning is to meet the requirements of the recruiter, meet the requirements of the job and take steps to develop a stable career Therefore, each student needs to self-assess the criterion in order to have an effective plan for learning and developing themselves 2.3 Fuzzy set Zadeh is the founder of a fuzzy set theory which can be viewed as an extension of the classical crisp sets It is to deals with problems in which a source of ambiguous, unclear and complex issues is involved in decision-making (Zadeh 1965) In classical aggregation theory, the membership of elements in a set is evaluated in binary form under a clear condition - an element that the set has or not have it In contrast, the fuzzy set theory allows gradual evaluation of the membership relationship between an element and a set; This relationship is described by a relational function   0,1 Fuzzy sets are considered to be an extension of classical set theory, for a given universe, a dependency function can assume the role of a function that maps each element to a value of or as in the classic concept With the cosmic set X, there are n elements X={x1, x2,…,xn} A fuzzy set A in the universe X is a set of ordered pairs A   x1 ,  A ( x1 ) ,  x2 ,  A ( x2 ) , ,  xn ,  A ( xn ) , where  A is the membership function of the fuzzy set A Formally,  A : X  {0,1}: μ (x) = 1 if x ∈ A 0 if x ∉ A It is called the function of the set A So  A (x) accepts only one of two values, including and If A has x then  A (x ) =1, else  A (x ) =0 Fuzzy sets are based on fuzzy logic, an extension of classical logic If the classical logic uses only two values and to represent: is true, is false, then in fuzzy logic the value is in the range and ∧ The fuzzy set F is defined on a regular set X is a set whose each element is a pair of values  ( x) / x with x X and  F     is mapped F : X  [0,1] F For example, the function of the fuzzy set B={x  R | x