600 essential words for the TOEIC

600 essential words for the TOEIC Lesson Contracts - contract (n) hợp đồng (v) kí hợp đồng - abide by (v) = comply with = conform to: tuân thủ = adhere to (16-83) - agreement (n) thỏa thuận hợp đồng = contract agree (v) agreeable (a) - mutual (a) lẫn - assurance (n) = guarantee: đảm bảo assure (v) assuredly (adv) - sales associate (n) ctv bán hàng - cancellation (n) hủy bỏ cancel (v) canceled (a) - determine (v) xác định - be liable for = be responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm cho - engagement (n) dính líu lễ đính - entire (a) tồn - establish (v) = set up: thiết lập - institute (n) viện (v) qui định (dùng cho luật, nội qui) - merger (n) sáp nhập - obligate (v) bắt buộc + to Vo obligation (n) obligatory (a) - party (n) bữa tiệc bên hợp đồng = side - provision (n) điều khoản provide (v) provider (n) - resolve (v) = deal with: giải - specific (a) = particular: cụ thể specify (v) specification(n) Contracts are an integral part of the workplace In simple terms, contracts are an agreement between two or more parties that specifies terms and obligates the parties to follow them Contracts often include the amount that a client will pay contractors and what services will be provided For example, in your office, you may have a contract that provides assurance that your copier machine or phones will be repaired within a certain amount of time This service can either be done off-site or at your establishment A contract often states ways to determine if quality of work delivered is acceptable Well-written contracts usually provide ways to resolve problems like these when they happen Before engaging in a contract, both parties should think carefully, as they will have to abide by the conditions specified in it A contract usually specifies how the two parties can cancel it if either party fails to meet the terms Hợp đồng phần thiếu nơi làm việc Trong thuật ngữ đơn giản, hợp đồng thỏa thuận hai hay nhiều bên mà điều khoản bắt buộc bên làm theo chúng Hợp đồng thường bao gồm số tiền mà khách hàng trả nhà thầu dịch vụ cung cấp Ví dụ, văn phịng bạn, bạn có hợp đồng cung cấp đảm bảo máy photocopy điện thoại bạn sửa chữa vòng khoảng thời gian định Dịch vụ thực khơng chỗ sở bạn Một hợp đồng thường nêu cách để xác định chất lượng công việc giao chấp nhận Những hợp đồng viết tốt thường cung cấp cách để giải vấn đề giống chúng xảy Trước tham gia vào hợp đồng, hai bên cần suy nghĩ cẩn thận, họ phải tuân thủ điều kiện quy định Một hợp đồng thường quy định cụ thể hai bên hủy bỏ hai bên không đáp ứng điều khoản Lesson Marketing - marketing (n) tiếp thị market (v) bán, mua đồ (n) thị trường marketable (a) - attract (v) = appeal to: thu hút, lôi attraction (n) attractive (a) - convention (n) = conference: hội nghị - draw sb’s attention: thu hút ý turn : chuyển hướng - compare (v) so sánh comparison (n) comparable (a) - competition (n) cạnh tranh thi = contest = test đối thủ cạnh tranh compete (v) competitive (a) - consume (v) = use up: tiêu thụ consumption (n) consumer (n) consumable (a) - convince (v) thuyết phục - currently (adv) - fad (n) = trend: xu hướng - inspiration (n) truyền cảm hứng  inspire (v) - persuasion (n) thuyết phục - productive (a) = high yield: suất cao - satisfaction (n) hài lòng satisfy (v) làm hài lòng, làm thỏa mãn satisfactory (a) Yassir is getting ready to realize his dream: opening a business that sells plants on the Internet After completing a business plan that helped him to determine that there was demand for his product in the market Yassir is ready to start promoting his business Having persuaded the bank that there was a market – that there were consumers willing to buy plants on the Internet – he needed to find these consumers Once he has an established base, Yassir, like other business owners, will have to continually attract new customers At the same time, he must make sure current customers are satisfied In other to be satisfied, current customers must be happy with the product they receive Yassir’s job is to inspire these customers to gain their repeat business To this, he will have to convince consumers that he offers a good product at a good price, especially when compared to the businesses with which he competes He hopes that Internet plant buyers are here to stay and not just part of fad Yassir chuẩn bị để thực ước mơ mình: mở doanh nghiệp bán trồng Internet Sau hoàn thành kế hoạch kinh doanh giúp xác định có nhu cầu cho sản phẩm thị trường Yassir sẵn sàng để bắt đầu việc xúc tiến doanh nghiệp Việc thuyết phục ngân hàng có thị trường - mà có người tiêu dùng sẵn sàng mua trồng Internet – cần tìm người tiêu dùng Một anh có sở thành lập, Yassir, giống chủ doanh nghiệp khác, phải thu hút khách hàng cách liên tục Đồng thời, phải chắn khách hàng làm hài lòng Để làm hài lòng, khách hàng phải hạnh phúc với sản phẩm mà họ nhận Việc Yassir để truyền cảm hứng cho khách hàng để đạt việc mua lặp lại họ Để làm điều này, anh phải thuyết phục người tiêu dùng cung cấp sản phẩm tốt với giá tốt, đặc biệt so sánh với doanh nghiệp mà cạnh tranh Anh hy vọng người mua trồng Internet để lưu lại không phần xu hướng Lesson Warranties - warranty (n) bảo hành - characteristic (a), (n) = trait: đặc điểm characteristically (adv) characterize (v) character (n) - reveal (v) tiết lộ, công khai - resistant (a) đề kháng, chống lại - consequence (n) hậu - invalidate (v) = cancel: hủy bỏ - consider (v) + V_ing consideration (n) considerable (a) - cover (v) bao gồm + insurance warranty expense news coverage - expiration (n) hết hạn - frequently (adv) cách thường xuyên - imply (v) ám implication (n) implicit (a) - indicate (v) đề cập - inference (n) suy luận - promise (v) hứa, cam kết + to Vo (n) lời hứa, lời cam kết - protect (v) bảo vệ  protect … from …: bảo vệ … khỏi … protection (n) protective (a) - vendor (n) người bán hàng - reputation (n) danh tiếng  be reputed to Vo reputable (a) - require (v) yêu cầu + that + S + Vo (nếu chủ động) / be V3 (nếu bị động) requirement (n) requisite (a) require sb to Vo sb be require to Vo - variety (n) đa dạng, nhiều loại  a variety of Ns Warranties are a seller’s promise to stand behind its products Most major purchases like computers or cars come with a warranty, as smaller purchases, like stereos or other electronic housewares Warranties are not required by law, but are frequently found on most products If you are making a purchase, you should consider the individual characteristics of a warranty, as each can vary in the amount of coverage it provides At the minimum, warranties are required to promise that the product will what it implies that it will do; for example, that a blender will blend or a hair dryer will dry hair Most warranties are good for a fixed time, then they expire You can protect yourself by buying products from companies with good reputations and taking good care of your new purchase There are consequences to not taking care of a product, as most warranties require that you use the product in a certain manner Chế độ bảo hành lời hứa người bán đằng sau sản phẩm Hầu hết việc mua sắm lớn máy tính hay tơ với bảo hàn, việc mua sắm nhỏ vậy, giống dàn âm đồ gia dụng điện tử khác Bảo hành khơng bị địi hỏi pháp luật, thường tìm thấy hầu hết sản phẩm Nếu bạn thực mua hàng, bạn nên xem xét đặc điểm riêng biệt bảo hành, khác số lượng bảo hành mà cung cấp Ở mức tối thiểu, việc bảo đảm yêu cầu để cam kết sản phẩm làm ngụ ý làm; ví dụ, máy xay sinh tố xay máy sấy tóc làm khơ tóc Hầu hết việc bảo hành tốt cho thời gian định, sau chúng hết hạn Bạn bảo vệ bạn cách mua sản phẩm từ cơng ty có danh tiếng tốt quan tâm tốt việc mua sắm bạn Có hậu để không chăm lo sản phẩm, hầu hết bảo đảm yêu cầu bạn sử dụng sản phẩm cách định Lesson Business Planning - plan (v) hoạch định + to Vo (n) kế hoạch - address (n) diễn văn = speech (v) giải - avoid (v) tránh + V_ing avoidance (n) avoided (a) - demonstrate (v) ra, biểu tình, biểu lộ, thể hiện, làm mẫu chứng minh, chứng tỏ = prove demonstration (n) demonstrative (a) - develop (v) phát triển development (n) developer (n) - expand (v) mở rộng - progress (v) tiến  in progress: tiến độ, thực hiện, thi công, hoạt động - improve (v) cải thiện - evaluate (v) đánh giá evaluation (n) evaluator (n) - impact (n) tác động (v) ảnh hưởng - gather (v) = accumulate: thu thập, tập hợp - offer (v) cung cấp (n) đề nghị = proposal - primarily (adv) trước hết chủ yếu - risk (v) làm liều + V_ing (n) rủi ro  face risk: đối mặt rủi ro take risk: chấp nhận rủi ro - strategy (n) chiến lược strategize (v) strategic (a) - strong (a) bền, khỏe strength (n) strengthen (v) - substitution (n) thay substitute (v) substituted (a) - replacement (n) người, thay - submit (v) = turn in: nộp Every business must develop a business plan The business plan’s primary purpose is to improve the entrepreneur’s control over the business and to help him avoid common mistakes It is not an overstatement to say that a business will fail or succeed on the strength of its business plan, so there is no substitution for a well-prepared plan The business plan documents the strategy for growing the business Think on the business plan as a road map that describes in which direction the company is going, what its goals are, and how it is going to get there In developing the plan, the entrepreneur will conduct research to determine a systematic and realistic evaluation of the company’s target market and define its potential The entrepreneur must be able to prove through research that customers in the market need the good or service that is offered and that a sufficient number of potential customers exists to support the business A business plan also looks at the risks the business faces Chief among these is competitors The business plan must analyze the company’s competition by gathering information on competitor’s market share, products, and strategies The plan should demonstrate what distinguishes the entrepreneur’s products or services from others already in the market It is also common for businesses to fail because the owner fails to invest or seek sufficient capital to run the business A good business plan should address this issue as well Mỗi doanh nghiệp phải phát triển kế hoạch kinh doanh Mục đích chủ yếu kế hoạch kinh doanh để cải thiện kiểm soát doanh nhân kinh doanh giúp tránh sai lầm phổ biến Khơng phải q lời nói doanh nghiệp thất bại hay thành công sức mạnh kế hoạch kinh doanh nó, khơng có thay cho kế hoạch chuẩn bị tốt Kế hoạch kinh doanh vạch chiến lược cho việc phát triển kinh doanh Hãy suy nghĩ kế hoạch kinh doanh đồ đường mà mơ tả phương hướng cơng ty đi, mục tiêu nó, làm đến Trong việc phát triển kế hoạch, chủ doanh nghiệp tiến hành nghiên cứu để xác định đánh giá có hệ thống thực tế thị trường mục tiêu công ty xác định tiềm Doanh nhân phải có khả để chứng minh qua nghiên cứu khách hàng thị trường cần hàng hoá hay dịch vụ mà cung cấp số lượng đủ khách hàng tiềm tồn để hỗ trợ công việc kinh doanh Một kế hoạch kinh doanh xem xét rủi ro mà doanh nghiệp phải đối mặt Đứng đầu số đối thủ cạnh tranh Kế hoạch kinh doanh phải phân tích cạnh tranh công ty cách thu thập thông tin thị phần, sản phẩm chiến lược đối thủ cạnh tranh Kế hoạch nên chứng minh phân biệt sản phẩm dịch vụ doanh nhân từ người khác có thị trường Nó phổ biến cho doanh nghiệp thất bại chủ sở hữu khơng đầu tư tìm đủ vốn để điều hành doanh nghiệp Một kế hoạch kinh doanh tốt nên giải vấn đề - entrepreneur /ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜːr/ (n) - capital (n) tiền vốn thủ đô - raise capital: huy động vốn money tiền - make mistake: gây lỗi lầm  correct mistake: sửa chữa lỗi lầm Lesson Conferences - conference (n) hội nghị (đi 2v: hold attend) - accommodate (v) đáp ứng chứa accommodation (n) accommodating (a) - arrangement (n) xếp arrange (v) arranged (a) - association (n) tổ chức liên hiệp associate (v) associated (adv) - attend (v) tham gia ý  pay attention to attention be paid to attendance (n) attendee (n) - get in touch (with) (v) giữ liên lạc (với) - hold (v) tổ chức cầm chứa - location (n) = site: vị trí - overcrowded (a) q đơng - register (v) đăng kí (n) hồ sơ = record registration (n) - select (v) chọn lọc selection (n) selective (a) - session (n) phiên họp - take part in (v) = join = participate in: tham gia - banquet (n) = big party: bữa tiệc lớn For Mr Park’s Asian housewares store, shipping is an integral part of the business Many customers need to send their purchases to friends or relatives who live far away Other customers, who not live near one of his stores, shop by catalog and need their orders sent by mail Shipping is, of course, the process of getting goods delivered to a customer, but it is more than just getting a box in the mail Goods must be packaged carefully to minimize breakage and ensure that they arrive safely Staff members must keep accurate records of the inventory shipped, so Mr Park knows at all times the answers to these questions: When did a box leave the store? Who was the carrier who delivered it? When did it arrive at its destination? Customers will have confidence in Mr Park’s business when he can give quick and accurate answers The shipping process must be tied to the store’s inventory When orders are taken, the shipping staff must know that there is sufficient inventory of the product on hand to fulfill the request If a product is on order, the sales staff should advise the customer to expect a delay When orders are shipped out, they must be deleted from the inventory records so Mr Park knows exactly how many items are on hand in his warehouse It takes a good computer program to keep track of the additions and deletions to the inventory Sales staff must remember to charge for shipping and appropriate taxes Mr Park must keep good records on the cost of the shipping and packing materials and other supplies, the cost of the carriers, and staff time to assess whether he is billing enough to cover his shipping expenses Lesson 19 Invoices - invoice (n) hóa đơn - charge (v) tính phí (n) phí (phí dịch vụ sử dụng, expense phí ngày) - compile (v) thu thập, tập hợp = gather compilation (n) compiled (a) - customer (n) khách hàng - commodity (n) hàng hóa điều = thing - discount (v) cắt giảm (n) = reduction - efficient (a) hiệu efficiently (adv) efficiency (n) - estimate (v) ước tính estimation (n) estimating (G) - impose (v) áp đặt imposition (n) imposing (a) - surcharge (n) phí trả thêm - mistake (n) lỗi lầm mistaken (v) (a) - order (v) đặt hàng (n) đơn hàng - promptly (adv) cách nhanh chóng begin promptly bắt đầu cách nhanh chóng precisely bắt đầu cách xác - rectify (v) xoay chuyển He rectified the situation by writing a letter of apology - terms (n) thuật ngữ điều khoản in terms of: mặt Mail-order companies need to have an efficient process for invoicing and billing customers When a customer places an order, a list of items must be compiled and an invoice generated The invoice will list the items purchased, along with the cost of each item, and the quantity desired Charges that will be incurred in shipping the items to the customer are also added to the invoice Sometimes shipping charges are simply estimated based on the weight or value of the items ordered The invoice also shows the terms of payment Payment is usually due within 30 days Extra charges are often imposed on overdue accounts Many companies also offer a small discount if invoices are paid promptly Sometimes items get damaged or lost in transit, or customers discover that the wrong items have been shipped by mistake They will usually call the company to have the problem rectified Such complaints should be dealt with promptly If an item is missing, a replacement will be sent, usually at no additional charge to the customer Lesson 20 Inventory - inventory (n) hàng tồn kho - adjustment (n) điều chỉnh adjust (v) adjustable (a) - automatically (adv) cách tự động automatic (a) automation (n) - crucial (a) quan trọng - significant (a) quan trọng, đáng kể - discrepancy (n) bất đồng - disturb (v) quấy rầy disturbance (n) disturbingly (adv) - interfere (v) can thiệp - interrupt (v) gián đoạn - liability (n) trách nhiệm = responsibility - obligation (n) bắt buộc - reflection (n) phản ánh reflect(v) reflector (n) - run (v) vận hành = operate - scan (v) quét scanner (n) scanned (a) - subtract (v) trừ ra; deduct (v) khấu trừ subtraction (n) subtracted (a) - tedious (a) nhàm chán - verify (v) xác nhận = confirm = validate  invalidate = cancel: hủy bỏ - account for (v) giải thích cho In a retail business, inventory has multiple meanings Inventory means all the goods that a company has on hand or available to it in a ware house Inventory also means the process by which the business verifies the number of goods An accurate account of the inventory available is crucial The amount of stock is a liability because it is already owned by the business Taking an inventory is a physical count of the inventory holdings Today, almost every busisness keeps a running inventory count by having its sales records tied by computer to its inventory When a customer makes a purchase, the computer system tied to the register subtracts the purchase from the inventory records If a customer makes a return or an exchange, the inventory numbers will be adjusted by the computer automatically That’s often why scanning the bar code is so important in stores If merchandise is broken or damaged in the stockroom or on the sales floor, the manager will ask the sales and stock help to change the stock holdings to reflect the loss As good as the computer records may be, they are just an estimate At least once a year, most businesses an actual physical count of the inventory This process can be tedious but it is necessary as there are always discrepancies between what the computer says you own and what your physical count says Often stores close for a day, or at least close early, so that staff can perform the inventory without disturbances Lesson 21 Banking - banking (n) ngân hàng - accept (v) chấp nhận acceptable (a) acceptance (n) - balance (n) số dư tài khoản - remainder (n) phần lại - borrow (v) mượn  lend (v) cho mượn - cautiously (adv) cách thận trọng caution (v) cautious (a) precaution (n) take precaution (v) đề phòng - deduct (v) khấu trừ deduction (n) deductible (a) - dividend (n) lợi tức - distribution (n) phân phối - down payment (n) đợt toán - initial (a) ban đầu - mortgage (v) chấp (n) - restricted (a) giới hạn, hạn chế = limited restrict (v) restriction (n) - signature (n) chữ kí sign (v) (n) - take out (v) rút = withdraw - transaction (n) giao dịch transact (v) - deal (n) cung cấp thương lượng thương vụ Banks are not only places in which to save money or to transact your financial business, but also institutions from which people can borrow Everyday, people look to banks for loans such as mortgages for new homes A loan is essentially a contract that binds the lender to a schedule of payments, so both parties should be cautions and not enter into the arrangement without thinking Banks will look at such factors as how much people have saved towards a down payment in determining whether to make a loan Banks have different kinds of accounts Some pay hight quarterly dividends Some accounts even severely restrict the number of times, if any, that you can access your account, or the amount of cash you can take out Today, electronic banking can be used to check the balance on an account, or to see if automatic deductions have been made This can all be done from your home or office computer When you go to the bank, be sure to bring identification Usually a bank will only accept a photo ID; a signature is not a valid ID Lesson 22 Accounting - accounting (n) nghiệp vụ kế toán accountant (n) kế toán account (n) tài khoản - accumulate (v) = gather accumulation (n) accumulated (a) - asset (n) tài sản - sophisticated (a) tinh vi, đại (dùng cho vật dụng) - audit (n, v) kiểm toán auditor (n) - budget (n) ngân sách - build up (v) tăng theo thời gian - client (n) khách hàng - debt (n) nợ  out of debt (a) hết nợ - outstanding (a) bật = featured chưa tốn  outstanding bill: hóa đơn chưa tốn - profitably (adv) cách hiệu profit (v) (n) profitable (a) - reconcile (v) đối chiếu - turnover (n) vòng quay - keep up with (v) bắt kịp với Accounting information is pulled together or accumulated to help someone make decisions A manager must come up with a budget to help control expenses A retail store owner realizes that her clients have outstanding bills A restaurant owner wants to know if it is profitable to serve lunch A nonprofit organization is being audited by the government All of these people and organizations could use the services of an accountant Accountants and accouting systems help a company stay on track They raise flags when expenses are building up and keep an eye on the turnover of inventory They reconcile their clients’ accounts to ensure that their clients’ records are correct Good accounting systems allow managers to come up with ways to improve their business The accountant prepare information for both internal and external use Financial statements provide a quick look into the life of a business They show how much debt the company is carrying and how much its assets are worth The outside world uses this information to judge the health of the company Lesson 23 Investments - aggressively (adv) cách liệt aggressive (a) aggression (n) - attitude (n) thái độ, hành vi - commit to (v) cam kết vào đóng góp vào commitment(n) noncommittal (a) - conservative (a) = cautious: thận trọng conserve (v) conservatively (adv) - fund (n) quỹ (v) tài trợ tiền  funding (n) việc tài trợ tiền - invest (in) (v) đầu tư (vào) investment (n) investor (n) - long-term (a) dài hạn - extend (v) kéo dài mở rộng gởi đến  extend sincere thank/apology: gởi đến lời cảm ơn/xin lỗi chân thành - portfolio (n) danh mục đầu tư - pull out = withdraw (v) rút - withdrawal (n) rút - removal (n) xóa bỏ - resource (n) nguồn lực - return (n) lợi nhuận (v) returnable (a) - wisely (adv) cách khôn ngoan wise (a) wisedom (n) Investment is a common, everyday occurrence Companies invest time and money in finding and training their employees Employees invest in their own training and education Financial investment takes place at a corporate level and at an individual level Whether an individual or a company, a decision must be made on the percentage of resources to have invested and the percentage to have in cash To avoid making stupid decisions, many people use financial advisors Financial advisors help individuals and corporations make wise investment decisions What kind of portfolio should be maintained? What should be in this portfolio At what point should an investor pull back or pull out of the market? What kind of returns should be investor realistically expect? How much risk can an investor take (both emotionally and financially)? Investors who are committed for the long-term can more easily weather the ups and downs of a market As one analyst commented, “If you’re staying awake at night thinking about the stock market, you probably have too much invested.” Many employees have retirement plans at work They decide what level of contribution to make to a certain fund These decisions and large company decisions depend to a large degree on attitude Is the decision maker aggressive pr conservative? That attitude often depends on the age of the investor or on the stage and the needs of business Lesson 24 Taxes - taxe (n) thuế - calculation (n) tính tốn calculate (v) calculator (n) - deadline (n) hạn chót - file (v) nộp = submit (n) hồ sơ - fill out (form) (v) điền vào (đơn) = complete - give up (v) từ bỏ - optimistic (a) lạc quan  pessimistic - joint (a) cộng tác, liên doanh jointly (adv) - owe (v) nợ - penalty (n) hình phạt = punishment penal (a) penalize (v) - preparation (n) chuẩn bị prepare (v) chuẩn bị preparatory (a) - refund (v) hoàn trả tiền (n) tiền hoàn trả refundable (a) - spouse (n) vợ chồng - withhold (v) giữ lại - paycheck (n) tiền lương Every year, my wife gathers all of our pay stubs and expense reports and prepares to fill out our tax forms She tries to finish them in March, well before the April 15th deadline It’s a time-consuming process There are receipts to find, records to organize, and forms to fill out When we first got married, we filed separate returns But now she marks me as her spouse and files the joint return It saves us money and saves me time! My wife is very proud of her accuracy The government has never sent the forms back with corrections For several years now, we have received a refund But this year, she calculated the numbers over and over again and found we had not paid enough taxes throughout the year She didn’t want to owe any money Finally, she gave up and sent in our check Actually, it was my fault I had changed jobs and didn’t ask my employer to withhold enough money from my paychecks I’m just glad we found and corrected the mistake before we got penalized Lesson 25 Financial Statements - financial statement (n) báo cáo tài - desire (v) khao khát, mong muốn + vo (n) desirable (a) - detail (v) liệt kê (n) chi tiết  in detail detailed (a) - forecast (v) dự báo - level (n) mức độ - overall (a) chung, toàn diện - perspective (n) quan điểm - project (n) dự án (v) dự tính = estimate projection (n) - realistic (a) thực tế realize (v) reality (n) - target (v) (n) mục đích = goal - translation (n) việc dịch thuật translate (v) translatable (a) - typically (adv) cách điển hình type (n) typical (a) - yield (n) lợi suất (v) sinh lợi A business budget focuses on future profits and future capital requirements A budget can help the business owner determine the amount of profit the business is expected to make, the amount of sales it will take to reach a goal, and what level of expenses are attached to those sales A business extablishes a target, a goal to work toward A business forecasts the sales that will be needed to reach this target ... they tailor their résumés for each position They try to show how their backgrounds match the job opening Therefore, when they are called in for an interview, they’re prepared They are ready for. .. assess their abilities all the time Before they even apply for a position, they have researched the field and the specific companies they are interested in They know where they could fit into the. .. support the business A business plan also looks at the risks the business faces Chief among these is competitors The business plan must analyze the company’s competition by gathering information