Chính sách hợp tác quốc tế về khoa học, công nghệ và đổi mới sáng tạo kinh nghiệm quốc tế và hàm ý cho việt nam TT TIENG ANH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY SUMMARY OF PH.D THESIS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION POLICY IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION: INTERNATIOAL EXPERIENCE AND IMPLICATION FOR VIETNAM Major: International Economics Code: 9.31.01.06 DOAN VAN HA Hanoi, 2022 THE THESIS IS COMPLETED AT FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY Supervisor: Assoc Prof.Dr ĐỖ HƯƠNG LAN Reviwer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis will be defended in front of the University level Council of Thesis Assessment at ………………………………………………………………………… at hour date month year The thesis can be found at: - The National Library - Library of Foreign Trade University PREAMBLE The urgency of the theme The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) report on competitiveness showed that trade in manufacturing sector is pushed by technology Countries can improve their competitiveness through many forms, of which international cooperation in science, technology and innovation is one of the important one As a result, many countries, especially the scientifically developing and scientifically lagging countries take STI cooperation as a solution to improve the countries’ economic performance Vietnam has made progress to improve the national science level thanks to many STI integration and cooperation activities have been implemented in recent years, however, the result of research and STI application in production is not as good as expected with small number in terms of medium and hi-tech export, labor productivity growth rate, published scientific papers, patent registration etc Additionally, the international context has changed drastically with the 4.0 revolution, the emergence of de-globalizing trend and protectionism This requires complete and systematic study on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation in general and the policy on STI international cooperation in particular in order to identify the issues relating to the development and implementation, as well as a theoretical and practical basis for the strategy, plan and policy of the next period Therefore, a study of “International cooperation policy in science, technology and innovation: international experience and implications for Vietnam” is necessary to analyze the policy implementation and propose some solutions to improve the result of international cooperation in STI and the competiveness of the economy in the coming time Objective of the research, research question, and task of the study Objective of the research The objective of this thesis is to understand the components of international cooperation on STI policy, identifying relevant policy areas in STI international cooperation policy and propose policy suggestion for Viet Nam to improve the competitiveness in the context of Forth Industrial Revolution and Viet Nam’s vision to 2035 Study question: What is science, technology and innovation in the Vietnamese concept? What is the policy on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation? What is the current situation of Vietnam's international cooperation policy in science, technology and innovation? How does the policy of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation affect the economy's competitiveness and innovation? Study tasks Systematize theoretical issues about international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation - Researching, synthesizing and analyzing international cooperation policies on science, technology and innovation of some countries around the world to point out measures to ensure the implementation of this policy - Proposing viewpoints on policies on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation, and suggest implications for Vietnam in the coming time Subject and scope of study 3.1 Subject of the study: the policy on international cooperation in Science, technology and innovation 3.2 Study Scope: - timing: the thesis focus on the period from 2010-2020 - content: The thesis focuses on studying the elements of the policy of international cooperation in science, technology and Innovation - Space: the thesis study countries and territories including European Union, the German Federation, the Russian Federation, Malaysia, China and Vietnam for some reasons Firstly, in terms of scientific development, German Federation and the Russian Federation are scientifically advanced countries China is scientifically proficient country, and Malaysia was classified scientifically lagging country From economic development perspective, Germany has long been a high-income developed country China and the Russian Federation are among five major emerging economies BRICS and defined as upper middle-income and Malaysia recently joined this group Research method 4.1 Methodology The thesis is conducted on the basis of applying the principles of dialectical materialism, historical materialism The author considers the research problem in the specific economic - cultural - political context This methodology helps to ensure the consistency, objectivity and science of the research, making the results obtained have high reliability and practical significance 4.2 Research method Comparative method: this method is used to compare the practice of a country's international cooperation policy on Science, Technology and Innovation in order to draw lessons for Viet Nam Methods of data analysis and synthesis: comparison, forecasting, quantitative analysis Through these methods, the author compares and assesses the main situation of the studied countries to offer solutions for Vietnam with a vision to 2035 To find out the influence of international cooperation policies on science, technology and innovation on the competitiveness and innovation of the economy, the thesis uses least squares estimation method (OLS) and mixed effects regression 4.3 Data collecting resources Secondary data collected and analyzed are published such as Innovation Index, Economic Competitiveness Index, etc and reports of international organizations such as World Bank (WB), World Economic Forum (WEF) etc national governments research and other references Những đóng góp luận án The thesis has systematized and contributed to clarify more theoretical issues on science, technology and innovation and policy on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation Second, the thesis has reviewed the overview of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation, from which to study the policy of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation Third, the thesis focuses on examining the content of international cooperation policies on science, technology and innovation; policy organization and its influence on the competitiveness of the economy Fourthly, thesis studied the experience of organizing policies for international cooperation in science, technology and innovation of some countries and territories, which is the prerequisites for international cooperation in science, technology and innovation After rigorous study, the thesis proposed solutions to help the Vietnamese government improve the activities of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation, which result to the improvement of economy’s competitiveness The thesis hopes to fill the research gap The research is also a reliable reference for those who are interested in international cooperation in science, technology and innovation Thesis structure In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, and appendices, the thesis is structured into four chapters: Chapter 1: Research overview on the topic Chapter 2: Relevant theoretical basis of policy on international cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation Chapter 3: Experience in formulating and implementing policies on international cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation of some countries and lessons for Vietnam Chapter 4: Solutions to improve Vietnam's international cooperation policy on Science, Technology and Innovation on the basis of applying international experience CHAPTER1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE THESIS’S TOPIC 1.1 Research situation in Vietnam 1.2 Research situation over the world 1.3 Research gaps From the analysis and synthesis of domestic and international research works related to international cooperation in science, technology and innovation, the thesis made some conclusions as below: Firstly, domestic research related to international cooperation in science and technology are often carried out with the goal of helping Vietnam's science and technology to integrate with world science and technology Secondly, foreign studies have developed an approach to international cooperation in S&T and innovation and highlighted policies related to international cooperation on S&T However, international studies turn eyes on high scientific and technological level countries and study one or a few aspects and subjects of international cooperation such as between companies, between scientists or across specific fields of research Thirdly, a limited number of works mention international cooperation policy on S&T and innovation in the stage of catch-up technology of a country with the aim of increasing competitiveness like Vietnam Therefore, it is not suitable theoretical and practical base for the planning and implementation of policies on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation in Vietnam Therefore, the thesis’s research gap is to clarify the theoretical and practical basis of international cooperation policies on international cooperation in Science, technology and innovation in the context of scientifically lagging country, the objectives, principles, groups of policies affecting the implementation of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation The thesis also proposes suggestions for policies on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation to increase strengthen Vietnam's competitiveness and innovation in the international context of drastic changes CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS RELATED TO POLICY OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN STI 2.1 International cooperation in science, technology and innovation 2.1.1 Science, technology and innovation as a solid term Science can be defined as the systematic study of the physical or material world (natural science) and of society (social science) that leads to the generation or creation of, knowledge from which data and information are drawn (ESCAP, 2016) This definition emphasizes the study and discovery of new knowledge in the world around - Technology has different definitions but all definitions have common elements In short, “technology is the application of scientific knowledge to develop techniques to produce a product and deliver a service” (ESCAP, 2015) This view of ESCAP is different from previous views that hold that technology is used in material production and that the definition of ESCAP is considered a turning point when it comes to expanding to all areas of social activity - “Innovation is the multi-stage process whereby organizations transform ideas into new/improved products, service or processes, in order to advance, compete and differentiate themselves successfully in their marketplace” (Baregheh et al., 2009) Scientific and technological knowledge through innovation activities will better serve production and life; on the contrary, innovation activities motivate researchers, scholars and scientists to have a newer, more objective and better exploratory view to further deepen research into achieving new results and achievements This relationship has led to the simultaneous use of the two terms "science, technology" and "innovation" as a unified process and requires synchronization in the development process as well as in the development process The process of planning and implementing relevant policies Synthesizing from concepts in the world, it is possible to understand “Science, technology and innovation (STI) the process of capturing and creating knowledge related to nature and society, to apply such knowledge to improve or develop products, processes and production methods to improve the quality and efficiency of economic activities” 2.1.2 Concept and classification of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation 2.1.2.1 Definition Through the research, the thesis conceptualizes that “international cooperation in science, technology and innovation is all activities of international cooperation actors within a country with partners outside the country related to science, technology and innovation to achieve set goals” 2.1.2.2 Classification of international cooperation in STI - Formal vs informal - scientific and technological development level: Technological developed countries-SAC, technological proficient countries-SPC, technological developing countries-SDC, technolotical lagging countries-SLC 2.1.2.3 Theories on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation 2.2 International cooperation policy in science, technology and innovation 2.2.1 Concept of international cooperation policy on international cooperation in STI “the policy on international cooperation in STI can be understood as a set of measures of the promulgating subject on issues related to international cooperation in the field of science, technology and innovation in order to ensure that these activities are carried out effectively for the common goal of the nation's socio-economic development 2.2.2 Characteristics of international cooperation policy in STI International cooperation on STI has a number of characteristics including (1) nature because it comes from the need and the inevitable connection between scientists as well as the nature of scientific knowledge; (2) competitive due to the need for market development, competition between countries and businesses (3) spillover benefits because international cooperation in science, technology and innovation opens up many opportunities for businesses parties, whether developing or developed, and (4) synergistic with international diplomacy Therefore, the policy of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation is a policy of interference between the fields of economy, foreign affairs, and science, technology and innovation of the country 2.2.3 Objectives of the policy Assigning ownership rights to knowledge assets creates incentives for knowledge creation and promotes commercial exchange It can also help protect the interests of companies and organizations of the host country in ensuring that they are compensated fairly in their S&T partnerships with foreign institutions 2.3 Factors affecting international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation 2.3.1 International factors - Globalization trend: - Scientific and technological achievements of the 4th technological revolution 2.3.2 National factors national development orientation - the level of science, technology and innovation capacity of the country - capacity and readiness of human resources for science, technology and innovation - the legal framework and the general institutional system of the country 2.4 Criteria to reflect the results of international cooperation policies on science, technology and innovation The share of hi-tech exports in the total value of a country's exports: (Hi-tech export): This index is used to measure the depth of international cooperation in STI + Share of FDI to GDP: This index gives us information about the development of infrastructure and innovation capacity of countries Share of FDI to GDP: This index gives us information about the development of infrastructure and innovation capacity of countries + Global competitiveness index (GCI) is a composite index included in the annual report of the World Economic Forum (WEF) The World Economic Forum also uses this index to rank the competitiveness of the assessed countries, helping to show an overview 11 and comprehensive picture of the strengths and weaknesses of the economies from which stakeholders can identify opportunities and challenges when participating in the international market +Global Innovation Index (GII): this is a composite index consisting of many different component indexes first developed by INSEAD Business School (France) in 2007 Then organized by World Intellectual Property Rights (WIPO) and Cornell University (USA) joined to develop a more appropriate methodology and assessment model In the assessment of WIPO, innovation is understood in a broad sense, not only innovation based on research and development but also innovation that is not based on research and development but also covers the whole world innovation in organizations, markets, etc Accordingly, the GII is a composite index including: (i) the composite index of innovation inputs; (ii) the composite output index on innovation; and (iii) the composite index of innovation The relationship between GCI and GII and the implementation of policies on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation is simply described as follows 𝐺𝐶𝐼 { } = 𝑓(𝐶á𝑐𝑐ℎỉ𝑠ố𝑘ế𝑡𝑞𝑢ả𝑐ℎí𝑛ℎ𝑠á𝑐ℎℎợ𝑝𝑡á𝑐𝑞𝑢ố𝑐𝑡ế𝑣ề𝑆𝑇𝐼) 𝐺𝐼𝐼 (1) 𝐶á𝑐𝑐ℎỉ𝑠ố𝐾𝑄𝐶𝑆ℎợ𝑝𝑡á𝑐𝑞𝑢ố𝑐𝑡ế𝑣ề𝑆𝑇𝐼 = 𝑔(𝑐á𝑐𝑛ℎâ𝑛𝑡ốả𝑛ℎℎưở𝑛𝑔)(2) { 𝐺𝐶𝐼 (3) } = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑐á𝑐𝑛ℎâ𝑛𝑡ốả𝑛ℎℎưở𝑛𝑔)) 𝐺𝐼𝐼 where f(CácchỉsốkếtquảchínhsáchhợptácquốctếvềSTI) is a function of the variables showing the results of international cooperation policies on STIs and g(influential factors) is a function of factors affecting the results of cooperation policy implementation International science, technology and innovation Equation (1) describes the relationship between objectives and results of policy implementation of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation; 12 equation (2) describes the relationship between results and factors affecting the implementation of policies on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation; Equation (3) shows the indirect relationship between the goals and the influencing factors of the policy implementation process of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation CHAPTER 3: EXPERIENCE IN PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION POLICY IN STI OF SOME COUNTRIES AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM 3.1 Experience of China 3.1.1 China's policy goals 3.1.2 Policy subjects 3.1.3 The cooperation field of China 3.1.4 Organize international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation 3.1.4.1 Human resource development and science, technology and innovation infrastructure 3.1.4.2 Financial support to attract foreign investment in science, technology and innovation China in encouraging FDI in economic sector development and technology transfer allows foreign companies to access the Chinese market in exchange for transferring technology to domestic enterprises or setting up centers R&D and provide many support policies such as: income from technology transfer developed by foreign companies will be deducted from sales tax, companies with R&D centers in China will be allowed to import and sell try out high-tech products in the domestic market if the products are the result of R&D research by the parent company In addition to the national tax programs, China has identified two specific incentive programs to focus focuses on promoting 13 innovation for domestic and foreign businesses, New and high-tech enterprise status The High and New Technology Enterprise (HNTE) program offers a 15% reduced tax rate for companies that qualify conditions for applying for and receiving HNTE status, regardless of the type of company investment and the location t corporate headquarters 3.1.4.3 Protecting intellectual property 3.2 Experience of the Russian Federation 3.2.1 Russian's policy goals 3.2.2 Policy subjects 3.2.3 The cooperation field of Russia 3.2.4 Organize international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation 3.2.4.1 Human resource development and science, technology and innovation infrastructure 3.2.4.2 Financial support to attract foreign investment in science, technology and innovation The Russian Federation provides tax support/reduction of most taxes for businesses operating in the Special Economic Area 3.2.4.3 Protecting intellectual property 3.3 Experience of the Malaysia 3.3.1 Malysia's policy goals 3.3.2 Policy subjects 3.3.3 The cooperation field of Malaysia 3.3.4 Organize international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation 3.2.4.1 Human resource development and science, technology and innovation infrastructure 3.2.4.2 Financial support to attract foreign investment in science, technology and innovation 14 Malaysia is considered a foreign investment friendly country Malaysia also uses financial and fiscal instruments Malaysia has provided incentives such as tax exemption for up to 10 years for foreign investments with pioneer status, reinvestment allowance, investment tax subsidy and special deductions for training in one year 3.2.4.3 Protecting intellectual property 3.4 Experience of Germany 3.4.1 German's policy goals 3.4.2 Policy subjects 3.4.3 The cooperation field of Germany 3.4.4 Organize international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation 3.4.4.1 Human resource development and science, technology and innovation infrastructure Germany focuses on attracting both high-quality workers, international students as well as researchers in science, technology and innovation, especially in new fields such as issuing German Green Cards, providing free tuition for all students, including students from outside the EU, STEM programs, Visas looking for work Germany also does not require international students to have a job the day after their graduation, but allows them to stay in Germany for 18 months to look for work and possibly work in a position unrelated to their field of study Germany is home to some global research infrastructure Research infrastructure is also developed in international collaborative partnerships International partners contribute to the financing of such infrastructure The Federal Government provides the bulk of funding for large-scale devices in basic research with an annual budget of more than 1.3 billion Euros Recently, a national roadmap process was introduced in 2015 to decide on future research infrastructures The new National Roadmap for Research Infrastructure is also intended to facilitate policy 15 decisions on which European and international research infrastructure projects Germany should participate 3.4.4.2 Financial support to attract foreign investment in science, technology and innovation Germany offers no tax incentives except in very limited circumstances, often not directly related to business, but provides a great deal of financial support for R&D related activities because of research and development is considered as one of the development areas of the economy However, in 2019, Germany had a change when it passed the Research Act (Forschungszulagengesetz) This is a Federal grant, whereby a subsidy of 25% tax free and up to a maximum of 500,000 EUR/year in salaries and wages for certain R&D purposes 3.4.4.3 Protecting intellectual property 3.5 Experience of the European Union 3.5.1 EU’s policy goals 3.5.2 Policy subjects 3.5.3 The cooperation field of EU 3.5.4 Organize international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation 3.5.4.1 Human resource development and science, technology and innovation infrastructure 3.5.4.2 Financial support to attract foreign investment in science, technology and innovation The European Union does not have a common policy to attract investment in R&D, which depends on each country These supports are mostly financial support such as taxes 3.5.4.3 Protecting intellectual property 3.6 Resuts Russia and China have made many efforts to change the ranking of global innovation (CII) In the case of Malaysia, the country's global 16 innovation ranking has barely changed over this period Some European countries have reached the level of innovation, while some countries have made efforts, the result does not show signigicant improvement The share of hi-end export in the total export value of China, Russia and Malaysia is higher than that of European countries China is a country that plays a role as the world's factory, but the share of exports of goods with high technology content has hardly changed in the period 2013-2020 Meanwhile, Malaysia has increased the proportion of this item, even the proportion of exports of goods with high technology content of these countries accounts for a relatively large proportion For developed countries, there is a tendency to narrow or keep the proportion of exports of high-tech goods to foreign countries The share of hi-end import among the countries in the sample reflects the difference in the goals of implementing policies for international cooperation in science, technology and innovation All countries need to improve their connectivity in science, technology and innovation 3.7 Lessons After studying and summarizing lessons learned from countries and territories such as the European Union, the Russian Federation, the German Federation, China and Malaysia, the thesis finds the policy of international cooperation on S&T and innovation of different countries are very different in the planning and implementation process because these countries and territories have different levels of economic and scientific and technological development, and their position on the map of world power gender However, countries and territories also have one thing in common: - Determine the goals of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation in accordance with the national capacity and level of scientific, technological and innovation development Due to the different levels and levels of the territory, the objectives of the 17 policy are different, but the target system is established based on the following factors: (i) the socio-economic development goals of the countries and territories; this land at different times; (ii) build on the scientific, technological and innovative capacities of these countries; (iii) characteristics of human resources and ability to participate in the international playground of science, technology and international innovation; (iv) these countries, excluding Malaysia, have all determined to occupy the top position in the fields of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation - Identify priority areas in international cooperation on science, technology and innovation to guide policy International cooperation in science, technology and innovation requires prioritization of resources to carry out collaborative research projects with international partners Therefore, countries often choose important industries and fields and their country has strengths to cooperate with other countries - Renovate the national governance system for S&T and innovation in the direction of international standards - Most of the countries have used and enhanced scientific diplomacy to promote international cooperation in science, technology and innovation Science as a tool for diplomacy has been adopted by many countries such as China and many large countries in the European Union such as Germany, Great Britain, etc 18 CHAPTER 4: SOME SOLUTIONS FOR BETTER INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION POLICY ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION OF VIETNAM 4.1 Overview of Vietnam's international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation 4.1.1 Overview of international cooperation activities on science, technology and innovation of Vietnam 4.1.2 Objectives of international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation 4.1.3 Cooperation partner 4.1.4 Current situation of implementing and organizing international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation 4.1.4.1 Human resource development and science, technology and innovation infrastructure 4.1.4.2 Financial support to attract foreign investment in science, technology and innovation 4.1.4.3 Protecting intellectual property 4.2 Results - International cooperation on science, technology and innovation has a positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy (CGI_ and the innovation capacity of the economy (GII) Specifically, the effectiveness of innovation has a positive impact on national competitiveness (GCI) and national innovation capacity (CII) Imports of high-tech goods have a negative impact on these two indicators It shows that for countries that have not been able to produce high-tech goods to replace imports, it may reduce the country's scientific, technological and innovation capacity there The policy implications of this result are also quite direct as the countries in the sample will have to focus on limiting imports of high-tech goods from other countries Countries with a high 19 share of high-tech exports in total national exports will be more likely to increase their competitiveness and innovation capacity - The impact of policy on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation on GCI varies from country to country Under the influence of objective and subjective factors, many countries are operating policies of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation that have not yet reflected the full potential of this policy on competitiveness picture of your country China is a country capable of taking advantage of objective and subjective factors to promote the effect of the policy of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation for the increase of the country's GCI this family Vietnam is a developing country, but taking advantage of the influence of objective and subjective factors of the policy of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation in improving GCI is at a low level medium That means with the current policy of Vietnam in this field, Vietnam has taken advantage of many advantages of the policy of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation than some other countries in the world Europe and Russia - The random effects of policy on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation on GII are also quite different from country to country In particular, many European countries have not yet taken advantage of the potential impacts of factors affecting the relationship between the implementation of policies on international cooperation in science, technology and innovation and GII China is the country with the highest degree of taking advantage of influencing factors to promote the relationship between the policy of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation with GII Vietnam is a country with a much higher level of taking advantage of objective and subjective factors than European countries (including some developed countries 20 with high middle income and low income countries) average high income) Moreover, Vietnam is ahead of Russia and Malaysia when it has a higher degree of taking advantage of objective and subjective influencing factors, which is quite far from these two countries 4.3 Orientation of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation of Vietnam and some policy suggestions 4.3.1 Trends of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation in the world 4.3.2 Orientation of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation of Vietnam 4.3.3 Some policy suggestions for Vietnam - Vietnam needs to the change the objective from capital and technology acquisition to absorbing and mastering advanced technologies and bringing the group of target countries to implement cooperation - Vietnam needs to develop and evaluate the priority order of options for international cooperation in science, technology and innovation, especially strategic partners by developing criteria for selecting partners international cooperation on S&T and innovation on aspects such as the development of S&T partners, external, economic, human resources and financial criteria - For the field of cooperation, the priority areas for international cooperation in science, technology and innovation must be concentrated in the sectors and fields that are not only Vietnam's strengths but also create the fundamental renewal of science, technology and innovation of the subjects in the economy - Strengthen the training of human resources in S&T and innovation as well as strengthen the connection between domestic and international scientific personnel in both the public and private sectors, and between the research sector and enterprises 21 - Foreign investment attraction is prioritized to attract high technology, advanced source technology from abroad so that it can be deciphered, mastered and integrated in domestic products, while promoting technology transfer and improving technology high efficiency in attracting foreign investment in technology transfer - The use of tax to attract investment in S&T and innovation is a trend that Vietnam should consider using this tool flexibly to avoid putting pressure on the state budget - attract more funding sources for STI activities, especially in priority and strong fields of Vietnam through FDI enterprises with high science and technology content In addition, capital sources from enterprises are foreign start-ups, venture capital funds, angel investors sponsoring innovation activities are also increasing, individuals are more and more inclined to out increase Vietnam also needs to mobilize more from other foreign capital sources such as ODA to S&T-related projects in Vietnam such as the World Bank's FIRST project or Vietnam's IPL - strengthen intellectual property protection Completing and promoting the implementation of preferential policies, supporting enterprises in exploiting and transferring the right to use intellectual property, perfecting the law on intellectual property transactions, the benefit sharing mechanism between groups of subjects involved in creative results; perfecting a policy of balancing interests in order to reasonably and satisfactorily handle the relationship between subjects related to intellectual property such as the owner of the invention and the community, between the owner of the right to a plant variety, Manufacturers, traders and farmers 22 CONCLUSION The thesis "International cooperation policy in science, technology and innovation: international experience and implications for Vietnam" was conducted in order to understand the theory of international cooperation policy on R&D On that basis, the thesis has researched, analyzed and given suggestions Within the scope of its research, the thesis has carried out the following main contents: Firstly, on the basis of an overview of domestic and foreign scientific works related to international cooperation in science, technology and innovation, the thesis believes that the study of the thesis topic has scientific significance, especially in terms of practice because at present there are few works that analyze the policy of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation in the period 2010-2020 with a vision to 2030 The thesis has comprehensively and systematically studied theoretical issues in science, technology and innovation The thesis clearly shows that the concept of science, technology and innovation should be understood as a unified term and related concepts In addition, the thesis also studies the concept, objectives, principles and ways of organizing international cooperation policies on S&T and Innovation Accordingly, the policy of international cooperation on S&T is a policy related to many fields areas are economics, science, technology and innovation, diplomacy This leads to the fact that there are countries that have international cooperation policies on S&T and innovation scattered among many different policies, and there are countries that offer a unified cooperation policy Secondly, the thesis delves into understanding the experience of implementing international cooperation policies on S&T and innovation in some countries and territories Although each country and territory has different conditions, the implementation The implementation of this policy is different, but in this research process, the thesis has also drawn 23 basic conditions to ensure international cooperation in science, technology and innovation, including human resources and infrastructure for science, technology and innovation, financial tools and taxes attract investment, especially foreign investment in S&T and innovation and protect intellectual property rights On that basis, the thesis draws important lessons from the process of implementing and perfecting Vietnam's policy of international cooperation on S&T Thirdly, the thesis has answered the research question that international cooperation in science, technology and innovation will increase innovation capacity and improve national competitiveness in the world This shows that international cooperation on S&T and innovation becomes more and more necessary for all developed countries This conclusion also implies that in order for Vietnam to avoid falling behind in terms of competitiveness and innovation, Vietnam will continue to expand international cooperation, clearly identify partners and cooperation areas as well as continue to expand international cooperation improve conditions for international cooperation in science, technology and innovation Fourthly, the thesis assesses the current status of international cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation of Vietnam, from the measurement point out the results and limitations Based on the analysis of viewpoints and orientations, the thesis has proposed suggestions for international cooperation policies on S&T in order to increase Vietnam's competitiveness and innovation by 2030, with a vision to 2020 2035, including solutions such as improving institutions, strengthening intellectual property protection, promoting investment in research and development, strengthening infrastructure construction for S&T and innovation, etc 24 THE LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS Nguyen Van Hong, Doan Van Ha, Nguyen Huyen Minh, Tran Xuan Bach (2017), International cooperation in science and technology between Vietnam and Belarus: current situation and some suggestions Journal of policy and management of science and technology No 6, volume 4, pp 56-65 Nguyen Van Hong, Doan Van Ha (2017), International cooperation in science and technology between Berarus and Vietnam: current situation and recommendations International Conference, ISSN: 978985-564-164-4, pp11-14 Doan Van Ha (2018), Attracting FDI in R&D: Experiences from Europe, Economic and Forecasting Journal, June 2018, pp 63-65 Doan Van Ha (2019), Singapore's experience in improving the investment environment to attract FDI in R&D, Banking Science & Training Journal No 200+ 201- January & 2019, pp 86-91 Doan Van Ha (2020), Promoting international cooperation in Science and technology in Vietnam today, Economic and Forecast Journal April 2020, pp 57-59 Doan Van Ha (2020), Strengthening international cooperation in science and technology of Vietnam with countries around the world, Economic and Forecast Journal, November 2020, pp 53-55 Doan Van Ha (2021), Trade cooperation between Vietnam and the US: Matters needing attention, Economic and forecast magazine May 2021, pp 14-16 25 ...