Nghiên cứu mô hình chợ ứng dụng đa đám mây

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCHING MULTI-CLOUD MARKETPLACE MODEL DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Hanoi - 2022 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCHING MULTI-CLOUD MARKETPLACE MODEL Major: Information Systems Code: 9480104 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUPERVISORS: Ph.D NGUYEN HUU DUC Assoc.Prof LE TRONG VINH Hanoi - 2022 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that this thesis is my original work and it has been written by me in its entirety I confirm that: · This work was done wholly during in Ph.D student at Hanoi University of Science and Technology · Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted at Hanoi University of Science and Technology or any other institution, this has been clearly stated · Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed · Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work · I have acknowledged all main sources of help · Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself Hanoi, February 22th 2022 Ph.D Student Supervisors i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My dissertation would not have finished without the support of my supervisors, family, co-authors, and colleagues I am grateful to all those people who supported and inspired me while facing academic and personal challenges My supervisors I would like to pay the deepest gratitude to my first supervisor Dr Nguyen Huu Duc for offering me a great environment, plenty of opportunities, and freedom to be creative Working with him marked an auspicious beginning to my doctoral upbringing In critical moments, he has been available to provide sincere and determined opinions, helping me make the right decisions I also thank my second supervisor, Assoc Prof Le Trong Vinh for his advice, encouragements and guidance throughout my Ph.D study His experiences and insights are immensely meaningful for me in my works I am grateful to them for devoting their precious time to discussing research ideas, proofreading, and explaining how to write good research papers I would like to thank them for encouraging my research and empowering me to grow as a research scientist My family I am grateful to my parents for their limitless love and my parents brought me up with great values of life, including humility and patience They always wish I could get Ph.D degree Without their sacrifices and guidance, my education would have been impossible I also thank my grandmother for her advice in every aspect of life My success is also theirs My co-authors Many thanks to my co-authors in our works They had valuable comments for my works Special thanks to Prof Zhenjiang Hu and Assoc Prof Huynh Quyet Thang for giving me an internship trip at National Institute of Informatics, Japan Prof Hu and members of Tsumina Lab warmly welcomed me into their lab and offered the helpful collaboration in research Particularly, Van Dang (Ph.D student at NII) and I achieved a successful combination, our paper was accepted by SOMET 2019 I also thank Mr Le Duc Hung (Ph.D student at TU Wien) for supporting me to implement component-based cloud software on multi-cloud My colleagues Many thanks to my colleagues from Department of Information System, School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology Particularly, Assoc Prof Nguyen Thi Kim Anh and Assoc Prof Nguyen Binh Minh for providing such a stimulating and friendly working ii atmosphere It is fortunate for me to study in an active environment Thank you all! Hanoi, February 22th 2022 Ph.D Student iii ABSTRACT Cloud computing have been an effective delivery model for distributing computing that enables the delivery of applications as services over Internet, as well as platformand infrastructure-level computing resources It has been increasingly used by businesses, organizations and individuals as a cost-effective IT solution Currently, consumers can approach cloud services through several existing service delivery methods in a convenient way as follows: Direct cloud service delivery, Cloud Brokerage, and Cloud Marketplace However, these cloud service delivery models have many limitations on cloud service product information, quality of service, monopoly, competitiveness, etc These problems have been damaging to the benefits of cloud consumers having to pay higher than the real value of cloud services In addition, different commercial cloud providers impose different application architectures that tend to lock consumers into their services and not want to allow the direct competition with others This is the cause of the well-known issue: vendor lock-in In economics, vendor lock-in, also known as proprietary lock-in or customer lock-in, makes a customer dependent on a vendor for products and services, unable to use another vendor without substantial switching costs [82] Because they cannot easily move to another cloud provider in the future without experiencing issues such as high costs, legal constraints, technical incompatibilities [59] For example, when a consumer buys WordPress Application on Bitnami, he is first provided two deployment offering options: single-tier and multi-tier Then he is provided several options to launch WordPress Application: Amazon web services, Google cloud platform, and Azure WordPress Application can only be deployed on one of these three services There are two machines that are similar on paper as they both have four cores Amazon VM offers more memory, but the price is very similar In fact, Amazon VM offers almost twice the blended compute capacity over 24 hours than its Google cloud equivalent but database technology of Google is quite better In the first case, if a consumer has been using Google Cloud and he spots a great cloud service pricing from Amazon He is not allowed to move cloud service running on Google Cloud to Amazon Another reason is because cloud technologies are incompatible between Amazon and Google In the second case, it is impossible if WordPress App Server is hosted on Amazon and WordPress Database is hosted on iv Google Cloud to leverage the benefits of two cloud providers Taking advantage of it is not going to be easy because before he know it, he will be locked into single cloud provider This challenge can be overcome if the WordPress App Server and Wordpress Database could be spread across two cloud providers to benefit from each provider’s best technology and less VM capacity (cheaper but meets the need) More effectively, WordPress components should be described in an open standard so that other providers than those mentioned above can offer cloud services at competitive prices and better capacities, and its components could be easily ported to other cloud To deal with vendor lock-in problem, multi-cloud is the effective approach because a multi-cloud strategy enables consumers to select any cloud service to meet the requirements of a particular application or workload as well as porting cloud software to another cloud In this way, we have an interesting ideal about a multi-cloud service delivery model that facilitates to distribute Software as a Service (SaaS) across various clouds as well as liberates cloud developers from being tied to proprietary technology ecosystems To turn our idea into reality, we sketch O-Marketplace Model (multicloud marketplace model) and define Composable Application Model (componentbased cloud application model) To demonstrate the practicality of two proposed model, research works are focused on as follows: (i) O-Marketplace Model, after analyzing the limitations of existing cloud service delivery methods, a multi-cloud service delivery method is proposed to overcome these limitations, and a promising multi-cloud marketplace model is built up (ii) Composable Application Model, we first build up its concept and its description method, then the experimentation is conducted by transform into TOSCA specification to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed multi-cloud application model Finally, relying on Composable Application Model and O-Marketplace context, some issues of cloud computing are tackled to prove the practicality of two proposed model such as: matchmaking for multi-cloud marketplace application, multi-cloud application portability, multi-cloud application auto-repairing Keywords: Cloud computing, Vendor lock-in, multi-cloud environment, multicloud marketplace, multi-cloud service delivery, multi-cloud application, matchmaking, multi-cloud application portability, multi-cloud application auto-repairing, Composable Application Model, O-Marketplace, Blueprint v CONTENTS DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii ABSTRACT iv CONTENTS vi ABBREVIATIONS x LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii Chapter INTRODUCTION 1.1 Context 1.2 Thesis research issues and motivation 1.2.1 Research issues 1.2.2 Motivation 1.2.3 Thesis objectives 1.3 Thesis contributions 1.3.1 O-Marketplace Model 1.3.2 Composable Application Model 1.4 Thesis outline Chapter BACKGROUND 11 12 2.1 Cloud Computing 12 2.1.1 Overview of Cloud computing 12 2.1.2 Cloud environment classification 15 2.1.2.1 Single-cloud environment 15 2.1.2.2 Multi-cloud environment 17 2.1.3 The advantages of multi-cloud environment 18 2.2 Existing cloud service delivery models 21 2.2.1 Cloud service brokerage 21 2.2.2 Cloud marketplace 24 2.3 Related technologies vi 27 2.3.1 Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Application - 27 TOSCA 2.3 Settling and Launching Service 28 2Applications - SALSA 2.4 Related 31 works 2.4 Approaches for cloud application 31 31 2.4 Approaches for cloud application 32 2description 33 2.4 Approaches for matchmaking cloud 34 3services 2.4 Approaches for cloud 4portability 2.4 Approaches for cloud application 5repairing 2.5 Summary 34 Chapter O-MARKETPLACE 35 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 36 Existing methods for delivering cloud services 3.2 Simple cloud service delivery method 36 38 3.2 Cloud service delivery through Cloud 39 2Brokerage 3.2 Cloud service delivery through Cloud 3Marketplace 3.3 O-Marketplace 41 Model 3.3.1 41 The proposed cloud service delivery method for multi-cloud marketplace 3.3 Overall 42 structure The operation of O- 47 3.5 The feasibility of O-Marketplace Model 49 44 3.6 mechanism of O- 49 Marketpla Marketplace 3.7 The goals of O-Marketplace 50 ce 3.4 The novel approach in Summary SaaS provisioning of O M Chapter COMPOSABLE APPLICATION MODEL 52 4.1 Introduction 52 a 4.2 54 r General concept of k CAM e 4.2 Cloud Application 54 t 55 p 4.2 Cloud 56 l 2Software a 4.2 c 3Cloud Platform e 4.3 Simple Definition for CAM 57 vii the crucial functionality of the multi-cloud marketplace The result is showed in Subsection 4.6.2 (iv) Value-added cloud developers: Developers may develop cloud software without worrying about the underlying incompatible cloud platforms They can write, pack and deliver the codes of their cloud software for deployment on various clouds By this way, cloud developers will achieve the highest work performance from cloud computing This facilitates cloud developers who not own cloud infrastructure to enter deeper into the cloud market.This advantage is achieved through the results in Sections 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 (v) Value-added cloud consumers: Because consumers can spread their cloud application across various cloud providers, they can approach competitive prices that reduce burden on their IT spending budget The multi-cloud approach allows them to choose the provider and services that best fit their needs This is also the way for enterprises choose to innovate its own applications and services is not restricted by the limitations of a single cloud Cloud providers have to compete to offer the best services for everything consumers need to accomplish This optimal benefit is obtained through the results in Section 3.3 and Subsection 4.6.1 Developing multi-cloud application model (i) Modeling multi-cloud application: CAM brings a novel approach to model SaaS which is organized as a distributed system including software components reside on various cloud platform services A component-based cloud software is designed without having to consider the intricacies of underlying runtime systems Cloud platform is therefore eliminated out of cloud software development CAM not only enhances the portability, but also support fault tolerance of multi-cloud application as well as facilitating match-making cloud services (ii) Reusing cloud software components: CAM-based application allows the ability to incorporated individual software components into various software compositions developed by others Each software component can be freely implemented on various cloud platforms without having to re-develop So developing a cloud software could be done with less cost and time (iii) Supporting matchmaking for multi-cloud marketplace application: CAM is the basis for developing a matchmaking solution which supports finding opti101 mal compatible platforms for a specific component-based cloud software The proposed matchmaking method not only gives the consumer the flexibility to use the cloud services and services as they refer but also promotes the cloud service development from both developers and cloud providers (iv) Supporting auto-repairing for multi-cloud marketplace application: CAM is utilized as a Blueprint for multi-cloud application This brings an promising approaches for auto-repairing multi-cloud application if there is any faulty service component (v) The superiority of CAM over TOSCA: To evaluate the advantages of CAM-D in particular and CAM in general, a comparison between CAM-D and TOSCA Specification is showed in Table 5.1 because TOSCA has been the well-known standard However, TOSCA Specification has not totally developed for multicloud application specification Table 5.1: The comparison between CAM-D and TOSCA Specification FEATURES Topology Cloud software portability CAM-D Nested structure YES Component-based cloud application description Synthesized from component specifications Multi-cloud service matchmaking TOSCA Specification Flat structure NO YES NO YES NO YES NO The comparison showed the superior features of CAM-D compared with TOSCA specification CAM-D especially supports Cloud software portability, Componentbased cloud application description, Synthesized from component specifications, and Multi-cloud service matchmaking These features have proved the feasibility of our proposal with distinct advantages for multi-cloud application development By the achieved results, the thesis completed all goals of the assignment and contributed for cloud computing evolution: 102 (i) Introduction is the view on research issues, motivation, research objective Background is the view on cloud computing, cloud environment, existing cloud service delivery model, related technologies and related works (Chapter 1, 2) (ii) Analyzing and constructing O-Marketplace model (Chapter 3) (iii) Defining Composable Application Model and CAM-D The experimentation of Composable Application Model is expressed through a case study (WordPress Application) and the stransformation CAM-D into TOSCA specification Proving the possibility of CAM in matchmaking for multi-cloud application, enhancing multi-cloud application portability, and auto-repairing multi-cloud application (Chapter 4) 5.2 Future works The contributions presented in this thesis open multiple research routes for the future works, including both short term and long term perspectives The routes for short term perspectives are as follows: (i) Improvement of O-Marketplace: we are going to develop technical features of O-Marketplace like user interface, storage, download, upload, authorization, authentication, especial payment method, etc (ii) Improvement of CAM: we are going to improve CAM model in detail and prove more effective applications of CAM (iii) Extension of CAM evaluation: the results of this thesis were successfully experimented, evaluated, validated by transforming to TOSCA standard and deploying a realistic application on multiple cloud infrastructures However, CAM should be continued to evaluate based on the outcomes of on-going projects utilizing CAM (iv) Developing CAM-runtime: building up a runtime engine that utilizes to deploy and configure multi-cloud application according CAM concept The research routes for long term perspectives are as follows: (i) Mechanism for managing SaaS on multi-cloud: the wider range of cloud services an enterprise uses, the more complex it gets to manage Failure to manage 103 the multi-cloud application adequately can increase the costs of using such application and could affect business agility Multi-cloud adds management complexity and, if left un-managed, could impact the agility and add costs Otherwise, organizations will require time and specific skills that are not always available in-house As enterprises increasingly adopt the model of cloud computing, their IT environments are transformed into a matrix of interwoven infrastructure, platform and application services delivered by multiple providers In most cases, these services will span not only different technologies and geographies, but entirely different domains of ownership and control, making the strategic and operational management of the new, cloud-based IT landscape is a rather challenging exercise (ii) QoS/SLA: goal of developing a service ranking mechanism based on quality of service and a SLA-based service quality assurance mechanism These mechanisms require an effective method for monitoring cloud service quality on multicloud environment (iii) Security: the line of defense runs across more than one single provider, so it is essential that robustly secure networking and security measures are put in place Areas which need close scrutiny include finding ways to monitor across different cloud platforms and ensuring that governance is comprehensive and robust Multi-cloud also complicates the application security and the complexity increases further when the driving architectural pattern for innovation is more micro-services based (iv) Migration: cloud migration is always a big challenge Especially, Data lock-in and data transfer are two major obstacles of cloud computing 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Serge Abiteboul, Richard Hull, and Victor Vianu (eds.) ”Foundations of Databases: The Logical Level” Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA, 1st ed., 1995 ISBN 0201537710 [2] Hussam Abu-Libdeh, Lonnie Princehouse, and Hakim Weatherspoon “RACS: A Case for Cloud Storage Diversity” In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing, SoCC ’10, p 229–240 Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2010 ISBN 9781450300360 doi:10 1145/1807128.1807165 URL https://doi.org/10.1145/1807128 1807165 [3] K Alexander, C Lee, E Kim, and S Helal “Enabling End-to-End Orchestration of Multi-Cloud Applications” IEEE Access, vol 5, pp 18862–18875, 2017 [4] Mohammad M Alshammari, Ali A Alwan, Azlin Nordin, and Imad Fakhri AlShaikhli “Disaster recovery in single-cloud and multi-cloud environments: Issues and challenges” In 2017 4th IEEE International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (ICETAS), pp 1–7 IEEE, 2017 doi: 10.1109/ICETAS.2017.8277868 [5] Mohammed A AlZain, Ben Soh, and Eric Pardede “Mcdb: using multi-clouds to ensure security in cloud computing” In 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, pp 784–791 IEEE, 2011 doi:10.1109/DASC.2011.133 [6] Cosimo Anglano, Massimo Canonico, and Marco Guazzone “EasyCloud: Multi-clouds made easy” In 2021 IEEE 45th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), pp 526–531 2021 doi:10.1109/ COMPSAC51774.2021.00078 [7] AppDirect URL https://www.appdirect.com/resources/ glossary/cloud-marketplace Accessed: 2022-01-01 [8] Engineer Bainomugisha and Alex Mwotil “Crane Cloud: A Resilient Multi- 105 Cloud Service Layer for Resource Constrained Settings” 08 2021 doi:10.21203/ rs.3.rs-785341/v1 [9] Yannis Bakos “A Strategic Analysis of Electronic Marketplaces” MIS quarterly, vol 15(3), p 295–310, Oct 1991 ISSN 0276-7783 doi:10.2307/249641 URL https://doi.org/10.2307/249641 [10] Yannis Bakos “The Emerging Role of Electronic Marketplaces on the Internet” Communications of the ACM, vol 41(8), p 35–42, Aug 1998 ISSN 00010782 doi:10.1145/280324.280330 URL https://doi.org/10.1145/ 280324.280330 [11] George Baryannis, Panagiotis Garefalakis, Kyriakos Kritikos, Kostas Magoutis, Antonis Papaioannou, Dimitris Plexousakis, and Chrysostomos Zeginis “Lifecycle management of service-based applications on multi-clouds” In Proceedings of the 2013 International workshop on Multi-cloud applications and federated clouds (Multicloud’13), pp 13–20 2013 doi:10.1145/2462326.2462331 [12] Tobias Binz, Uwe Breitenbăucher, Florian Haupt, Oliver Kopp, Frank Leymann, Alexander Nowak, and Sebastian Wagner “OpenTOSCA–a runtime for TOSCAbased cloud applications” In International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, pp 692–695 Springer, 2013 [13] Tobias Binz, Gerd Breiter, Frank Leyman, and Thomas Spatzier “Portable Cloud Services Using TOSCA” IEEE Internet Computing, vol 16(3), pp 80–85, 2012 doi:10.1109/MIC.2012.43 [14] BIRDS https://dangtv.github.io/BIRDS/ [15] Kevin D Bowers, Ari Juels, and Alina Oprea “HAIL: A High-Availability and Integrity Layer for Cloud Storage” In Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS ’09, p 187–198 Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2009 ISBN 9781605588940 doi:10.1145/1653662.1653686 URL https://doi.org/ 10.1145/1653662.1653686 [16] Eirik Brandtzaeg, S´ebastien Mosser, and Parastoo Mohagheghi “Towards CloudML, a Model-based Approach to Provision Resources in the Clouds” In 8th European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications (ECMFA), p 18–27 2012 106 [17] Konstantinos Bratanis, D Kourtesis, I Paraskakis, Yiannis, VERGINADIS, G Mentzas, A Simons, A Friesen, and Simone Braun “A Research Roadmap for Bringing Continuous Quality Assurance and Optimization to Cloud Service Brokers” In Proc eChallenges 2013 [18] Antonio Brogi, Jos´e Carrasco, Javier Cubo, Francesco D’Andria, Ahmad Ibrahim, Ernesto Pimentel, and Jacopo Soldani “EU Project SeaClouds: Adaptive Management of Service-based Applications Across Multiple Clouds” In CLOSER 2014 - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, pp 758–763 SCITEPRESS-Science and Technology Publications, Lda, 01 2014 [19] Rajkumar Buyya and Diana Barreto “Multi-cloud resource provisioning with Aneka: A unified and integrated utilisation of microsoft azure and amazon EC2 instances” In 2015 International Conference on Computing and Network Communications (CoCoNet), pp 216–229 IEEE, 12 2015 doi:10.1109/CoCoNet 2015.7411190 [20] Rajkumar Buyya, Rajiv Ranjan, and Rodrigo N Calheiros “InterCloud: UtilityOriented Federation of Cloud Computing Environments for Scaling of Application Services” In Ching-Hsien Hsu, Laurence T Yang, Jong Hyuk Park, and Sang-Soo Yeo (eds.), Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, pp 13–31 Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010 ISBN 978-3-64213119-6 [21] Christian Cachin, Robert Haas, and Marko Vukolic “Dependable storage in the Inter-cloud” IBM Research, vol 3783, pp 1–6, 01 2010 [22] J Carrasco, J Cubo, F Dur´an, and E Pimentel “Bidimensional Cross- Cloud Management with TOSCA and Brooklyn” In 2016 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), pp 951–955 2016 doi: 10.1109/CLOUD.2016.0143 [23] Jose Carrasco, Francisco Dur´an, and Ernesto Pimentel “Component-wise Application Migration in Bidimensional Cross-cloud Environments” pp 287–297 01 2017 doi:10.5220/0006372302870297 [24] S Ceri, G Gottlob, and L Tanca “What you always wanted to know about Datalog (and never dared to ask)” IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data 107 Engineering, vol 1(1), pp 146–166, March 1989 ISSN 1041-4347 doi:10.1109/ 69.43410 [25] Georgiana Copil, Daniel Moldovan, Hong-Linh Truong, and Schahram Dustdar “Multi-level Elasticity Control of Cloud Services” In Samik Basu, Cesare Pautasso, Liang Zhang, and Xiang Fu (eds.), Service-Oriented Computing, pp 429– 436 Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013 ISBN 978-3-64245005-1 [26] Krzysztof Czarnecki, J Nathan Foster, Zhenjiang Hu, Ralf Lăammel, Andy Schăurr, and James F Terwilliger Bidirectional Transformations: A CrossDiscipline Perspective” In Richard F Paige (ed.), Theory and Practice of Model Transformations, pp 260–283 Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-02408-5 [27] Francesco DAndria, Stefano Bocconi, Jesus Gorronogoitia Cruz, James Ahtes, and Dimitris Zeginis “Cloud4soa: Multi-cloud application management across paas offerings” In 2012 14th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, pp 407–414 IEEE, 2012 doi: 10.1109/SYNASC.2012.65 [28] Beniamino Di Martino “Applications Portability and Services Interoperability among Multiple Clouds” IEEE Cloud Computing, vol 1, pp 74–77, 05 2014 doi:10.1109/MCC.2014.1 [29] Wisam Elshareef, Hesham Arafat Ali, and Amira Y Haikal “A Matchmaking Strategy Of Mixed Resource On Cloud Computing Environment” International Journal OF Scientific and Technology Research, vol 4, 2015 [30] Xavier Etchevers, Gwen Salaăun, Fabienne Boyer, Thierry Coupaye, and Noel De Palma “Reliable Self-Deployment of Cloud Applications” Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp 1331–1338, 03 2014 doi: 10.1145/2554850.2554951 [31] Benjamin Fabian, Annika Baumann, and Jessika Lackner “Topological analysis of cloud service connectivity” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol 88, pp 151–165, 2015 108 [32] Nicolas Ferry, Franck Chauvel, Hui Song, Alessandro Rossini, Maksym Lushpenko, and Arnor Solberg “CloudMF: Model-Driven Management of MultiCloud Applications” ACM Trans Internet Technol., vol 18(2), Jan 2018 ISSN 1533-5399 doi:10.1145/3125621 URL https://doi.org/10.1145/ 3125621 [33] Sebastian Fischer, ZhenJiang Hu, and Hugo Pacheco “The essence of bidirectional programming” Science China Information Sciences, vol 58(5), pp 1–21, May 2015 ISSN 1869-1919 doi:10.1007/s11432-015-5316-8 URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5316-8 [34] J N Foster, B C Pierce, and S Zdancewic “Updatable Security Views” In 2009 22nd IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium, pp 60–74 July 2009 ISSN 1063-6900 doi:10.1109/CSF.2009.25 [35] John Nathan Foster Bidirectional Programming Languages Ph.D thesis, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2009 AAI3405376 [36] Sergio Garc´ıa-G´omez, Manuel Escriche-Vicente, Pablo Arozarena-Llopis, Miguel Jim´enez-Gan˜ a´n, Francesco Lelli, Yehia Taher, J´ozsef Biro, Christof Momm, Axel Spriestersbach, Jăurgen Vogel, et al 4CaaSt: Comprehensive Management of Cloud Services through a PaaS” In 2012 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, pp 494–499 07 2012 ISBN 978-1-4673-1631-6 doi:10.1109/ISPA.2012.72 [37] Hector Garcia-Molina ”Database systems: the complete book” Pearson Education India, 2008 [38] Sergio Garc´ıa-G´omez, Miguel Jim´enez-Gan˜ a´n, Yehia Taher, Christof Momm, Frederic Junker, J´ozsef B´ır´o, Andreas Menychtas, Vasilios Andrikopoulos, and Steve Strauch “Challenges for the Comprehensive Management of Cloud Services in a PaaS Framework” Scalable Computing, vol 13, 11 2012 [39] Saurabh Kumar Garg, Steve Versteeg, and Rajkumar Buyya “SMICloud: A Framework for Comparing and Ranking Cloud Services” In 2011 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing, pp 210–218 IEEE, Dec 2011 doi:10.1109/UCC.2011.36 109 [40] David Garlan, Robert T Monroe, and David Wile ”Acme: Architectural Description of Component-Based Systems”, p 47–67 Cambridge University Press, USA, 2000 ISBN 0521771641 [41] Sudeep Ghimire, Ricardo Jardim-Goncalves, and Antonio Grilo “Framework for catalogues matching in procurement e-marketplaces” In 2013 8th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), pp 1–6 IEEE, 2013 [42] Claudio Giovanoli, Prasad Pulikal, and Stella Gatziu Grivas “E-Marketplace for Cloud Services” pp 76–83 Citeseer, 05 2014 [43] Nikolay Grozev and Rajkumar Buyya “Inter-Cloud Architectures and Application Brokering: Taxonomy and Survey” Software: Practice and Experience, vol 44(3), p 369–390, Mar 2014 ISSN 0038-0644 doi:10.1002/spe.2168 URL https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2168 [44] Joaqu´ın Guill´en, Javier Miranda, Juan Manuel Murillo, and Carlos Canal “A service-oriented framework for developing cross cloud migratable software” Journal of Systems and Software, pp 2294–2308, 2013 ISSN 01641212 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.12.033 [45] Adri´an Juan-Verdejo and Bholanathsingh Surajbali “XaaS multi-cloud marketplace architecture enacting the industry 4.0 concepts” In Doctoral Conference on Computing, Electrical and Industrial Systems, pp 11–23 Springer, 2016 [46] Juju Charms URL https://jujucharms.com/ Accessed: 2019-04-26 [47] Stefan Kolb and Guido Wirtz “Towards application portability in platform as a service” In Proceedings - IEEE 8th International Symposium on Service Oriented System Engineering, SOSE 2014 2014 ISBN 9781479925049 doi: 10.1109/SOSE.2014.26 [48] Duc-Hung Le, Hong-Linh Truong, Georgiana Copil, Stefan Nastic, and Schahram Dustdar “SALSA: a framework for dynamic configuration of cloud services” In 2014 IEEE 6th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, pp 146–153 2014 doi:10.1109/CloudCom.2014.99 [49] Haifei Li and Jj Jeng “CCMarketplace: A marketplace model for a hybrid cloud” In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference of the Center for Advanced 110 Studies on Collaborative Research, pp 174–183 01 2010 doi:10.1145/1923947 1923966 [50] Paul P Lipton, S Moser, and Thomas Spatzier “OASIS: OASIS Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) Version 1.0 Committee Specification” Tech rep., OASIS Standard (November 2013) url: http://docs oasis-open , 2013 [51] Jose Luis Lucas-Simarro, Rafael Moreno-Vozmediano, Ruben S Montero, “Scheduling strategies for optimal service de- and Ignacio M Llorente ployment across multiple clouds” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol 29(6), pp 1431 – 1441, 2013 ISSN 0167-739X doi:https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.future.2012.01.007 URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0167739X12000192, including Special sections: High Performance Computing in the Cloud Resource Discovery Mechanisms for P2P Systems [52] Andrea abler” Mauro “Jamcracker Cloud Broker En- https://vinfrastructure.it/2013/08/ jamcracker-cloud-broker-enabler/ Accessed: 2015-04-01 [53] Mcllroy and Malcolm Douglas “Mass produced software components” Scientific Affairs Division, NATO, p 79, 1969 [54] Peter M Mell and Timothy Grance “SP 800-145 The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing” Tech rep., Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 2011 [55] Binh-Minh Nguyen “High-Level Abstraction Layer for Development and Deployment of Cloud Services” PhD thesis- SLOVAK University OF Technology In Bratislava, Slovak Academy Of Sciences, 2013 [56] Rainer Niekamp “Software Component Architecture” Gesti´on de Congresos CIMNE/Institute for Scientific Computing, p 4, 2011 [57] Justice Opara-Martins “Taxonomy of cloud lock-in challenges” Mobile Computing-Technology and Applications, 2018 [58] Justice Opara-Martins, Reza Sahandi, and Feng Tian “Critical review of vendor lock-in and its impact on adoption of cloud computing” In International Conference on Information Society (i-Society 2014), pp 92–97 IEEE, 2014 doi: 10.1109/i-Society.2014.7009018 111 [59] Justice Opara-Martins, Reza Sahandi, and Feng Tian “Critical analysis of vendor lock-in and its impact on cloud computing migration: a business perspective” Journal of Cloud Computing, vol 5(1), pp 1–18, 2016 [60] OpenStack HEAT URL https://docs.openstack.org/heat/ latest/ Accessed: 2019-04-26 [61] Fawaz Paraiso, Nicolas Haderer, Philippe Merle, Romain Rouvoy, and Lionel Seinturier “A federated multi-cloud PaaS infrastructure” In 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing, pp 392–399 IEEE, 2012 doi: 10.1109/CLOUD.2012.79 [62] Fawaz Paraiso, Philippe Merle, and Lionel Seinturier “SoCloud: A ServiceOriented Component-Based PaaS for Managing Portability, Provisioning, Elasticity, and High Availability across Multiple Clouds” Computing, vol 98(5), p 539–565, May 2016 ISSN 0010-485X doi:10.1007/s00607-014-0421-x URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-014-0421-x [63] Parallels URL https://www.parallels.com Accessed: 2015-04-1 [64] Dana Petcu “Portability and Interoperability between Clouds: Challenges and Case Study - (Invited Paper)” In European Conference on a Service-Based Internet, pp 62–74 Springer, 2011 [65] Dana Petcu and Athanasios V Vasilakos “Portability in clouds: approaches and research opportunities” Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience, vol 15(3), pp 251–270, 2014 [66] D Plummer, B Lheureux, M Cantara, and T Bova “Cloud services brokerage is dominated by three primary roles” Gartner Research Note G, vol 226509, p 23, 2011 [67] DC Plummer, BJ Lheureux, and F Karamouzis “Defining Cloud Services Brokerage: Taking Intermediation to the Next Level Report ID G00206187, Gartner”, 2010 [68] George Reese ”Cloud Application Architectures: Building Applications and Infrastructure in the Cloud” O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2009 ISBN 0596156367 112 [69] Karoline Saatkamp, Uwe Breitenbăucher, Oliver Kopp, and Frank Leymann “Topology Splitting and Matching for Multi-Cloud Deployments” In ServiceOriented Computing-ICSOC 2017 Workshops, pp 379–383 2017 doi:10.5220/ 0006371002750286 [70] Johann Schleier-Smith, Vikram Sreekanti, Anurag Khandelwal, Joao Carreira, Neeraja J Yadwadkar, Raluca Ada Popa, Joseph E Gonzalez, Ion Stoica, and David A Patterson “What Serverless Computing is and Should Become: The next Phase of Cloud Computing” Commun ACM, vol 64(5), p 76–84, apr 2021 ISSN 0001-0782 doi:10.1145/3406011 URL https://doi.org/ 10.1145/3406011 [71] Anil Singh and Vaishali Chauhan “Security Pitfalls in Multi-cloud computing environment” International Journal of Science Technology and Management (IJSTM), vol 5, 06 2016 [72] K Sledziewski, B Bordbar, and R Anane “A DSL-Based Approach to Software Development and Deployment on Cloud” In 2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, pp 414–421 April 2010 ISSN 2332-5658 [73] G Sousa, W Rudametkin, and L Duchien “Automated Setup of Multi-cloud Environments for Microservices Applications” In 2016 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), pp 327–334 2016 [74] J Sujana, R Venitta Raj, and T Revathi “Fuzzy-Based Workflow Scheduling in Multi-Cloud Environment” In Operationalizing Multi-Cloud Environments, pp 201–215 Springer, 2022 [75] TechTarget ““What is Vendor-Lock-in? – Definition from WhatIs.com”” https://searchconvergedinfrastructure.techtarget.com/ Accessed: 2015-04-01 [76] Techtarget URL https://searchitchannel.techtarget.com/ definition/cloud-marketplace Accessed: 2022-01-01 [77] Lean theorem prover https://leanprover.github.io [78] Adel Nadjaran Toosi, Rodrigo N Calheiros, and Rajkumar Buyya “Inter- connected Cloud Computing Environments: Challenges, Taxonomy, and Sur113 vey” ACM Comput Surv., vol 47(1), may 2014 ISSN 0360-0300 doi: 10.1145/2593512 URL https://doi.org/10.1145/2593512 [79] G Tricomi, A Panarello, G Merlino, F Longo, D Bruneo, and A Puliafito “Orchestrated Multi-Cloud Application Deployment in OpenStack with TOSCA” In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP), pp 1–6 2017 [80] Marko Vukoli´c “The Byzantine empire in the intercloud” ACM Sigact News, vol 41(3), pp 105–111, 2010 [81] Bruce Wallace “A hole for every component, and every component in its hole” Existential Programming.”There is no such thing as a Component”, 2010 [82] Wikipedia URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendor_ lock-in Accessed: 2022-01-01 [83] Cheng Zeng, Xiao Guo, Weijie Ou, and Dong Han “Cloud Computing Service Composition and Search Based on Semantic” In Martin Gilje Jaatun, Gansen Zhao, and Chunming Rong (eds.), Cloud Computing, pp 290–300 Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-10665-1 [84] Qi Zhang, Lu Cheng, and R Boutaba “Cloud Computing: State-of-the-art and Research Challenges” Journal of Internet Services and Applications, vol 1, pp 7–18, 05 2010 doi:10.1007/s13174-010-0007-6 [85] Begăum Ilke Zilci, Mathias Slawik, and Axel Kăupper Cloud Service Matchmaking Using Constraint Programming In 2015 IEEE 24th International Conference on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, pp 63–68 IEEE, June 2015 ISSN 1524-4547 114 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Hoang-Long Huynh, Huu-Duc Nguyen, Trong-Vinh Le, and Duc-Hung Le, “Towards the cloud marketplace for Multi-cloud infrastructures”, In Proceedings of the 18th Vietnam National Conference: Selected issues of information technology and communication, pp 100-105, Ho Chi Minh, pp 100-105, November 2015 (In Vietnamese) Hoang-Long Huynh,Van-Dang Tran, Huu-Duc Nguyen, Zhenjiang Hu, TrongVinh Le, Quyet-Thang Huynh, “Auto-updating Portable Application Model of Multi-cloud Marketplace through Bidirectional Transformations System”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools, and Techniques (SOMET 2019), pp 11-24, Malaysia, September 2019 DOI:10.3233/FAIA190035 (SCOPUS Indexed) Hoang-Long Huynh, Huu-Duc Nguyen, Trong-Vinh Le, “Matchmaking for Multi-cloud Marketplace Application”, Journal of Research and Development on Information and Communication Technology, Ministry of Information and Communications, Vietnam, Vol 2019(1), pp 31-42, September 2019 ISSN 1859-3534 DOI:10.32913/MIC-ICT-RESEARCH.V2019.N1.854 Hoang-Long Huynh, Huu-Duc Nguyen, Trong-Vinh Le, Thi-Nhan Vu, QuyetThang Huynh, “An approach for auto-repairing cloud application on Multicloud Marketplace”, In Proceedings of the 22 th Vietnam National Conference: Selected issues of information technology and communication, pp 17-22, Thai Binh, June 2019 Hoang-Long Huynh, Huu-Duc Nguyen, Trong-Vinh Le, Quyet-Thang Huynh, “CAM-D: A Description Method for Multi-cloud Marketplace Application”, Journal of Research and Development on Information and Communication Technology, Ministry of Information and Communications, Vietnam, Vol 2020(2), pp 51-61, December 2020 ISSN 1859-3534 DOI:10.32913/MIC-ICT-RESEARCH.V2020.N2.943 115