Think 4 Student book pdf

Challenge and inspire your teenage learners to think beyond language. American Think is a vibrant course designed to engage teenage learners and make them think. As well as building students´ language skills, it offers a holistic approach to learning: developing their thinking skills, encouraging them to reflect on values and building their selfconfidence. Topics are chosen to appeal to and challenge teenagers, firing their imagination and ensuring effective learning. Examstyle exercises and tips help students prepare for Cambridge English Key, Preliminary and First. Informed by the Cambridge English Corpus, the course reflects real language usage and ´Get it right´ sections help students avoid common mistakes.

www.frenglish.ru S m art Education www.frenglish.ru The authors would like to thank all those who have made contributions to the development, creation and production of Think Corpus M any thanks to teachers in various countries for piloting the course and for Corpus (CEC) The CEC is a computer database of contemporary spoken their valuable feedback Thanks too to their students, for their enthusiasm and written English, which currently stands at over one billion words It Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge English and for putting up with manuscripts rather than the attractive pages our includes British English, American English and other varieties of English It designers have created in the meantime also includes the Cambridge Learner Corpus, developed in collaboration The members of our digital team, Helen Kenyon, Amarjeet Sadana and Brendan W ightm an for their expertise and creative thought with Cambridge English Language Assessment Cambridge University Press has built up the CEC to provide evidence about language use that helps to produce better language teaching materials Thanks also to Chris William s for his invaluable production support W e would like to thank the Cambridge English teams around the world for English Profile their continuous support This product is informed by the English Vocabulary Profile, built as part W e would like to thank very warm ly our editorial team: Rebecca Raynes, Dena Daniel, Peter McFarlane, Delia Kidd, Kathryn Davies, Ruth Bell-Pellegrini and Mark Benn for all the energy and care they have put into this project Our special thanks go to Jo Burgess (Commissioning Editor), Katie La Storia and Claudia Fiocco (Publishers), Belinda Fenn (Publishing Manager) and James Dingle (Editorial Director) for their dedication to Think, the great spirit of collaboration and many excellent suggestions w e got from them W e are indebted to the Cambridge University Press leadership: Frances Lowndes (Global Publishing Director), for being involved so actively in the of English Profile, a collaborative programme designed to enhance the learning, teaching and assessment of English worldwide Its main funding partners are Cambridge University Press and Cambridge English Language Assessment and its aim is to create a 'profile' for English linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF) English Profile outcomes, such as the English Vocabulary Profile, will provide detailed information about the language that learners can be expected to demonstrate at each CEF level, offering a clear benchmark for learners' proficiency For more information, please visit w w w englishprofile.org planning stages of the project despite her huge workload; John Tuttle and Neil Tomkins (Deputy Managing Directors); Michael Peluse (Managing Director); and Peter Phillips (Chief Executive) for the constructive dialogue over the years Cambridge Dictionaries Cambridge dictionaries are the world's most widely used dictionaries for learners of English The dictionaries are available in print and online Last but not least, w e would like to thank our partners Mares, Adriana and at dictionary.cambridge.org Copyright © Cambridge University Press, Claudia W ith o u t their support this project would not have happened reproduced with permission C a m b r id g e UNIVERSITY PRESS University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge It furthers the University's mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/think © Cambridge University Press 2016 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2016 Printed in Italy by Rotolito Lombarda S.p.A A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-107-57328-4 Student's Book Level ISBN 978-1-107-57325-3 Student's Book with Online Workbook and Online Practice Level ISBN 978-1-107-57369-7 Workbook with Online Practice Level ISBN 978-1-107-57416-8 Teacher's Book Level ISBN 978-1-107-57423-6 Class Audio CDs Level ISBN 978-1-107-57428-1 Video DVD Level ISBN 978-1-107-57432-8 Presentation Plus DVD-ROM Level Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/think Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter www.frenglish.ru A W H A T A STO RY! A lucky pilot IT t>JH6H Complete the conversation with the verbs in the correct tense Then listen and check crash set hit find destroy add scream end pull manage carry dive MIKE So, did you see that story about the plane that c r a s h e d into the ocean? ANDY No, I didn't W h a t happened? MIKE W e ll this guy off from Florida in his plane - a small one, only one engine - to go to N ew Orleans ANDY W o w - that's a long way MIKE Right, and it’s usually too far for a plane like that, but he had extra fuel tanks However, after he had begun his journey he realised he 4? didn't have enough fuel t o on flying, so he radioed N ew Orleans and told them that he was in trouble H e told them he had to land Descriptive verbs the plane in the sea ANDY In the sea? Match the verbs with the definitions demolish a to hit ve ry hard and break dive b to run away quickly flee c to go down quickly had a parachute, but it didn't work and the plane grab d to destroy com pletely started to .towards the sea! But then rage e to shout loudly in a high pitch almost at the last minute, the parachute pulled scream f to take hold of something quickly the plane horizontal, just before i t _the smash g to hit strike h to burn very fiercely MIKE Yes, there was a fishing boat not far away that was able to pick the pilot up But here’s the incredible thing - and you can see it in a video The plane water The impact alm ost6 the plane ANDY A n d the pilot? MIKE H e was O K H e to get out o f the plane and into a life raft from the fishing boat Then the p eop le from the fishing boat came and Use the correct form of a verb from Exercise to complete each sentence him out of the raft and took him to the ship H e was O K , so he d id n 't9 _up in hospital or anything N o w they're trying to 2 W h y had the pilot ad ded extra fuel tanks? W h a t did the pilot use to try to land the plane safely 4 H ow was the pilot rescued? Com e on, we're la te ! your coat and By the time the fire service got there, the fire for over tw en ty minutes W h e n she got back to her car, she saw that so m eo ne the w indow with a brick in the sea? The house was old and unsafe so the local let’s go! Read again Answer the questions W h e r e was the plane flying to and from? By the time the spy was identified, h e authority _ _ _ _ _ _ it a lorry the country plane I'd have 11 _ _ really loudly! s tru c k coming in the other direction 10_ out what w ent wrong ANDY W o w - I’d have been so scared if I’d been in that The car w ent out of control and I but n o b o d y heard me S h e off the bridge and into the river WELCOME www.frenglish.ru Phrasal verbs 1 Elements of a story Complete the sentences from the story Then read again and check Hawaii _of the story is a woman called Vera, who helps many o f the other _to escape from a terrible situation - they have been kidnapped by M y father g ave up / ended up smoking five years ago - he feels so much better now! a horrible old man called Schwartz, who's the If you're bored, why don't you give up / take up a hobby? of the story Anyway, the book's quite good I thought If there’s a problem, tell me and we can sort it out I blow it out Don't stop! W e have to get on / carry on running to the finish the overall was quite exciting and it had a nice unexpected twist at the end (I won’t tell you the , though, in W e're off on holiday - I’m looking forw ard to / looking into it case you read the book yourself.) A n d I really There are lots of good players here but she’s the best - she really stands out / looks out liked the , t o o - th e conversations b etw een the different characters sound like W e had to stay in the town because our car broke down / real p eop le talking to each other A good blew out dialogue It is in Vienna, Austria The Now they're trying t o what went wrong with the Choose the correct options character^ It was a thriller - a kind o f detective story fuel calculations hero villain 1read a book last w eek called Vienna Trap The pilot was O K so he didn't in hospital set ■sending The pilot from California in his plane to go to Use a word from the list in each space j lot read - I'd recommend it All the hotels were full, so we took up / ended up sleeping in In small groups, find an example of each of these from a film or book a hostel Childhood memories W ork with a partner W h at you remember about your first visit to the cinema? (e.g who you went with, what the film was, etc) a great hero a great plot a great ending a great villain Talking about past routines Read the extract from an autobiography Which of the things that you remember are mentioned? Complete the sentences from the extract ‘Cinema paradise' Use w o u ld or u s ed to Read the extract again and answer the questions W h o couldn't go to the Children's Matinees? I _ love going to the cinema when I was a kid W h o did the writer go with? W h y did they go early? cheer when he did W hen did the children usually cheer? W hen did they boo? G iH & ttG , fb CiSlO u lU ib ★ I’m in my 60s now and used to love going to the cinema when I was a kid Back in the 1950s, there used to be a thing called Children’s Matinee at the cinema in the town where we lived It was wonderful! Every Saturday morning, the cinema would show films for kids - only kids They showed cartoons and cowboy films, adventure films, detective films and science fiction - everything that kids loved back then (and I guess they still do!) Mybrother used to take me- he was fiveyears older than me We’d always try to get there early so we could get seats in the front row, M y b ro th e r _ take me The hero always won, and w e Some kids throw popcorn Ш or at least, one or two rows back The cinema sold ice cream and popcorn and we would buy as much as we could, and then sit and watch the films while stuffing ourselves with food We loved the cartoons - we laughed a lot; our favourite was always Tom and Jerry and we cheered when we saw the opening pictures And then there were the adventure films The plots were often terrible, and the dialogues too, but we really didn’t care - after all, we were kids! We used to boo the villains and cheer the heros Some kids used to throw popcorn at the screen when the villain came on - the cinema staff sometimes tried to stop us but usually they gave up! The endingwas always completely predictable of course - the hero always won, and we’d cheer like crazywhen he did! www.frenglish.ru В A N U N C E R T A IN F U T U R E Future plans i-aimm Read the conversation Put the phrases into the correct places Then listen and check when you leave school get a good degree to start a family and then travel the world then retire before I think about settling down MUM So, Greg, have you thought about which university you want to go to yet? GREG I told you, M um - I'm not so sure that I want to go to university MUM But if you / £■4 , you’ll be guaranteed a secure future You know, perhaps in ten years' time, you'll be managing a huge company! GREG But that's just it, M um - 1don’t want to manage a big com pany or a small com pany either I don't want to spend fo rty years doing that, and w ond er w here my life went That's not the future I want - 1think MUM W e ll, so what are you going to d o - i Г then? GREG I'm not sure yet M a yb e work, save a bit of money п г Life plans for a few months, you know, get some life experience Use the words from the list to complete each sentence leave start MUM W ell, that won't you much good In this day settled retired travel career promoted degree and age, em ployers want p eop le with work experience, not travel experience GREG W ell, maybe you're right, Mum But even so, I want some time for m yself5 MUM There's nothing wrong with settling down I have no idea what to when I She got an excellent That’s what your father and I did you and Dad, back in the last century But the M y grandfather worked for the same company for forty-two years, then he ' : ■ different aims, ideas, everything! A course in marketing is a good way to start a _ _ _ _ _ in sales They bought a house and town where they grew up They feel they haven't got enough money yet to a family MUM Yes, I suppose so You're right GREG But don’t worry, Mum I mean, I'd like some time So you’ll be playing with your grandchildren one day - I hope MUM W ell, I’m delighted to hear that, Greg! Mark T (true) or F (false) or DS (doesn’t say) Greg and his mum have talked about university before Greg's father works for a big company Greg would like to have children down in the A t what age can p eo p le leave school in your country? Do you think this is the right age? Greg definitely wants to leave school G reg ’s mother values work experience W ork in pairs and answer the questions Then compare your answers in small groups W h y (not)? and travel He worked really hard and after a few months he world's different now and p eo p le have such W r.t / school Г from Harvard got_i i GREG I know, M um and that's fine - it was fine for I intended to ~ the world, but when I got to Greece, I loved it so much that I stayed A t what age can p eop le retire in your country? Is it the same for men and for wom en? Do you think this is the right age? W h y (not)? Is it important in your country to get a degree in ord er to have a good career? W h y (not)? WELCOME www.frenglish.ru Future continuous W ork with a partner Which of the statements in Exercise you (not) agree with? W h y (not)? Use the verbs in the list in the correct form to complete the sentences study ! listen live work travel w onder In five years from now, I’ll the world I won't I’ll Some of my friends w ill for Extreme adjectives at home anymore really scary at university companies I’l l to the same kind of music as I now Look at the emphatic statements in Exercise again Find words which mean: I’ll still what to with my life really good really bad really big W rite the words in the correct places hot delighted scared W ork with a partner Which of the statements are true for you? Which statements are true for your partner? interesting miserable Gradable adjective Future perfect bad good _ exciting freezing huge brilliant j tiny Extreme adjective / awful fantastic / w onderful / fascinating terrified Don't w o rry about Greg He'll be fine By the time he's hilarious tw en ty he (leave) school and he happy sad _ (save) enough money to travel around the world By the time he's thirty Greg thrilling (travel) around the world and / enormous (decide) what he wants to with his life A nd by the time he’s forty, G reg (settle) down and (start) a family Being emphatic: so and such small 11 cold 12 / minute boiling Complete the mini-dialogues Use a suitable extreme adjective I’m n o t sure I want to go to university A A re you happy th ey’re coming? People have different aims, ideas, everything! Make these statements more emphatic Use so or such C jo in g to u n iv e r s i t y is s u c h a f a n t a s t i c id e a В Yes, I'm A He tells funny jokes, doesn't he? В Yes, th e y 're A This room’s small В Small?! It's It's an awful waste of time to go travelling Deciding to settle down is a huge decision It's amazing news that you want to start a family.3 W h o you think said the things in Exercise - Greg or his mum? W rite G or M in the boxes ! A So, it's good news, right? В Yes, it's A W ere you scared? В Yes, I was I w a s _ ! Travelling gives you important experience A It's cold in here, isn’t it? В Yes, it's f r e e z i n g ! Going to university is a fantastic idea The thought of working in the same job for 40 years is terrifying big 10 Complete the sentences from the conversation on page funny _/amazing Complete the text with the future perfect form of the verbs in brackets j terrible A W as the film really that bad? в Yes, it was It was lY ian iJPd W ith a partner, write three more mini­ dialogues using words from Exercise that don't appear in Exercise www.frenglish.ru C H O W PEO PLE BEH AVE Conversations Г WlHlilSi Listen and match the conversations to the pictures W rite 1-3 in the boxes fc ftllPH Listen again Complete the spaces with one word W ork with a partner W h a t would you have said in these situations if you were: STEVE MEGAN • Steve? W h at's the matter with you? • M illy? Didn't you see? I held the door open for that • Sarah? elderly lady; I let her go through in front of me STEVE Yes, I saw that It was very thoughtful of you V e r y MEGAN But she just walked past me and didn't say 'thank you' She didn't even look at me! It's so , I think STEVE К Personality ИИтаИШД W ork in pairs Choose six of the adjectives For each one, think of something that someone could say or to show that quality O h, y o u get so worked up She was calm probably just thinking about something else polite cold unfriendly generous rude selfish kind shy lively thoughtful warm MILLY H ija c k H ere are your headphones if someone talks to you without smiling JACK M y headphones! I've been looking for them or being friendly - well that's cold- MILLY Yes - sorry, I sh o u ld asked you, So, y o u took them? I JACK know b u t W ell, give them back You’re not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to take my things without asking! MILLY O K I'm sorry But you don’t have to be so , you? Using should В2НЗШЭ W h at could you say in the following situations? Use a form o f s h o u ld and a personality adjective JASON I'm really fed up I just heard that Paul, one of my best friends, is going to move to Canada SARAH JASON A friend of yours has said something unkind to Your friend wants to ask someone to dance but Oh, that's a shame But n e v e r , you've got other friends, haven't you? Yes I know, but I'm going to miss him a lot He's really fun t o out with SARAH W ell, you don’t to lose touch with JASON That’s right A nd perhaps my parents will him, d o you? You can Skype _ me go and visit him sometime Som eone has given you an expensive present You shouldn't have spent so much! That u/as so generous o f you a mutual friend is shy A child doesn't want to let another child play with a toy Som eone is getting angry because another person was rude WELCOME www.frenglish.ru Career paths Name these jobs Read the article quickly and find which of the jobs in Exercise it mentions TIPS FOR CHOOSIN G A CAREER Choosing a career - something you’re thinking of doing for the rest of your working life - isn't always easy but equally, it doesn’t have to be the agony that some people make it Here are our tips to help you make up your mind Put the four tips (A -D ) in order to show how useful you think each one is (1 = most useful, = least useful.) Compare your ideas with a partner Don't let other people tell you what to do! There are always people who want you to become a lawyer, or work in banking, or be a teacher Listen to them, but remember it's your life and it’s your decision, so be sure Decisions that you’re the one who makes that decision! Com plete the questions The first letter has been given to you Consider what you think you’re good at W h at you find it difficult to m decisions about? It’s true that things like salary are important, but don’t let financial considerations lead you down the wrong path Follow your heart and W hen you think it's wrong to change your m _j j _ ? Can you remember a time when you couldn’t m u_ your mind about something? your personality - if you’re not very outgoing, W h o you talk to before you c _ \ _ don’t go for a sales job, even if the pay’s t a decision about something? good In the same way, if you don't like work that involves paying lots of attention to detail, W h at kind of things you think I £?; think long and hard before you decide to before making a decision? and h about something like applying to study engineering Answer the questions in Exercise for you Make notes Then discuss your answers in a group at university Your first decision isn’t forever Some lucky people get it right first time - they choose a job, find they love it and stick at it But it isn’t always like that, so remember - you’re allowed to change your mind! Certainly, it’s no good agonising for years: maybe you’ve got three or four Permission Use the correct form o f m a k e / le t / b e a llo w e d to to complete the sentences You should never other people make decisions for you possible things you’d like to do, so come to a decision and try one - and if you don’t like it, No one can you a job that you don't want to try another one In more and more jobs now, people ' work from home if they want to I Do something of value Some people choose their career simply because they think they’ll earn huge amounts M y mother's boss W hen my father worked in a bank, he never make it to the top) OK, if that’s what her work late sometimes smoke in his office - can you believe that? of money (although the careers which pay the most also have millions of people who ■ This company its employees start work at eight, nine or ten o'clock, as they like you want But generally, people get more satisfaction out of their career if they feel they are doing something valuable for others It doesn’t have to be charity work - it could be a job that helps other people, like being a child-minder Just don’t forget that job satisfaction isn't only about money W rite sentences about your perfect job or career Use m a k e / le t / b e a llo w e d to in some of your sentences M y ideal company lets all the employees play their own music www.frenglish.ru O B JE C T IV E S fu n c t io n s : issuing and accepting a challenge gram m ar: verbs followed by infinitive or gerund; verbs which SURVIVAL R E A D IN G Look at the photos Can you see a s u m m it, a ro p e , a g la c ie r and a crevasse? Imagine spending time in an environment like this W hat kinds of things could go wrong? W h at are the dangers? Make a list take gerund and infinitive with different meanings: remember, try, stop, regret, forget vo c a bu la r y: verbs of movement; adjectives to describe uncomfortable feelings Read what Joe Simpson said in an interview about his relationship with Simon Yates after the event Then discuss the questions In a p arado x ical way, in cutting the rope, which n early killed me - an d to his mind, he h ad killed me - he put me in a position It Read and listen to the article to find out what went wrong for two mountain climbers.4 to save m y own life, an d I owe him the world for getting me into that position I'd like to say I could have done the sam e Read the article again Seven sentences have been removed -5f from the article Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7) There is one extra sentence A Then something dramatic happened В Simon couldn't talk to him or see him C Several teams had tried before, but they had all failed D Both men knew that it would be almost impossible to survive the situation E Despite his extreme injuries, he had managed to F A nd they had run out o f fuel for their stove crawl out o f the crevasse 12 G W h en he finally arrived at base camp, he was absolutely exhausted H The weather conditions w ere dreadful thing I'm not sure, though So it was never an issue with Sim on and I, an d we've been close friends for the last [ ] 20years W h a t you think of the decision that W h a t decision you think you Simon made? would have made if you'd been in Simon's position? Jo e Simpson is now a motivational speaker whose presentations are very popular W h y you think this is the case and would you go to see one of his talks if you had the chance? Give reasons www.frenglish.ru Sacrifice for survival? This is the story of two ambitious mountain (limbers, Joe Simpson and Simon Yates, whose story was later turned into a film Touching the Void, and it started with an outstanding success Joe and Simon managed to climb the West Face of Siula Grande in the Peruvian Andes _ After reaching the summit, Joe and Simon decided to go back down via the North Ridge, on extremely r but faster route Their ascent had already taken much longer than they had intended because of bad weather So it wasn't possible for them to melt ice and snow for drinking water any more It was getting dark too, and they knew they needed to descend quickly to the glacier, about 1,000 metres below Joe slipped and landed awkwardly, breaking his leg Both Simon and Joe were in shock They were at a height of 6,000 metres.4 _ They were freezing They had no communication with the base camp, and there was no chance of a rescue helicopter or any other form of outside help The situation was really dangerous, not just for Joe, but for both of them As an enormous snowstorm was building up around them, Simon tied two ropes together, tied them around Joe, and started lowering his injured friend Suddenly, the knot got stuck between two rocks and Joe was left hanging from a cliff, in mid-air over a huge crevasse _ He tried desperately for more than an hour to pull his friend up, but without success The situation was absolutely hopeless Simon imagined both himself and his friend dying in the snow and ice He didn't want to leave his friend alone, but the more he thought about it, the more he began to understand that there was no way he could save both his own life and that of his friend For a moment, Simon felt like giving up But then he decided to cut the rope and save his own life Joe fell away, right down to the bottom of the crevasse The next day, when Simon continued down the mountain and passed the area where Joe had landed, he saw nothing, and assumed he was dead But he wasn't Joe had survived the fa ll.6 _ For the next three and a half days, he continued to descend the mountain, crawling and hopping on one leg under extremely difficult conditions He even managed to cross a glacier with no safety equipment or rope assistance whatsoever.7 _ The others were thrilled and amazed to see him especially because they had been preparing to leave Joe's incredible determination and the fact that he hadn't given up under the most desperate conditions had helped him to save his own life Ш Ш Ш З W o rk in pairs Discuss how Simon may have felt when he made his decision ■ TRAIN TO THiNK Thinking tio n ally Solving a problem requires decision-making In a difficult situation we may need to make sure that we are not distracted by irrelevant ideas, so we can look at the facts that are relevant for making the right decision W hich of the following facts were relevant for Simon in making his decision to cut the rope? Siula Grande is part of the Andes region of Peru Joe had a broken leg Their way back down was via the North Ridge The rope got stuck and it was completely impossible to pulljoe out of the crevasse You have an important test tomorrow and your friend wants you to go to a party tonight You haven’t been feeling well for several days A tells you to go to a doctor В tells you to take some medicine You like В better than A You borrowed a friend's bike and had a small accident there’s a scratch on the bike that isn't easy to see The two climbers had already reached the summit There was no way they could get help from anywhere иаудиш Н Read the situations For each one, think about what you might want to and what you should Then compare ideas with a partner Pronunciation □ □ Dipthongs: alternative spellings Go to page 120 - - ./ 13 Litera www.frenglish.ru Look at the photo, and read the introduction to the extract Do you think you would like to read the book? W h y (not)? Read the extract quickly and choose the best ending for the statement The narrator feels w o rried a b o u t w hat will happen when the sun comes up the noise o f drums that he can hear the animals in the jungle around them The Lost World by A rthur Conan Doyle Professor George Challenger and his friend Lord John Roxton, together with a reporter and some local guides (one of whom is called Gomez), travel up the Amazon River to find a plateau Challenger claims he has visited the plateau before, and that there are prehistoric creatures living there Also with them is another professor who dislikes Challenger and doesn’t believe his claims The reporter narrates the story The very next day we did actually make our start upon this remarkable expedition We found that all our possessions fitted very easily into the two canoes, and we divided our personnel, six in each, taking the obvious precaution, in the interests of peace, of putting one Professor into each canoe [ ] At dawn and at sunset the monkeys screamed together and the parrots started making their highpitched noise, but during the hot hours of the day only the loud noise of insects, like the beat of a distant surf, filled the ear, while nothing moved amongst the solemn views of huge tree-trunks, fading away into the darkness which held us in Once some creature, an ant-eater or a bear, walked clumsily amid the shadows It was the only sign of life which I had seen in this great Amazonian forest And yet there were indications that even human life itself was not far from us in those mysterious dark corners On the third day out we were aware of a strange, deep, rhythmic beat in the air, coming and going on-and-off throughout the morning The two boats were moving within a few yards of each other when first we heard it, and our guides remained motionless, as if they had been turned to bronze, listening intently with expressions of terror upon their faces ‘What is it, then?’ I asked ‘Drums,’ said Lord John, carelessly, ‘war drums I have heard them before.’ ‘Yes, sir, war drums,’ said Gomez ‘Native people, aggressive, not friendly; they watch us every mile of the way; kill us if they can.’ ‘How can they watch us?’ I asked, gazing into the dark Gomez shrugged his broad shoulders ‘The native people know They have their own way They watch us They talk the drum talk to each other Kill us if they can.’ By the afternoon of that day - my pocket diary shows me that it was Tuesday, August 18th - at least six or seven drums were beating from various points Sometimes they beat quickly, sometimes slowly, sometimes in obvious question and answer, one far to the east breaking out in a high-pitched beat, and being followed after a pause by a deep roll from the north There was something incredibly nerve-shaking and threatening in that constant noise, which seemed to shape itself into the words that Gomez used and endlessly repeat them: ‘We will kill you if we can We will kill you if we can.’ No one ever moved in the silent woods All the peace of quiet Nature lay in that dark curtain of vegetation, but away from behind there always came the one message from our fellow-man: ‘We will kill you if we can,’ said the men in the east ‘We will kill you if we can,’ said the men in the north [ ] That night we tied our canoes with heavy stones for anchors in the centre of the stream, and made every preparation for a possible attack Nothing came, however, and with the dawn we pushed upon our way, the drum-beating dying out behind us A d a p t e d f r o m T h e L o s t W orld b y A r t h u r C o n a n D o y l www.frenglish.ru 12 i M O R E T O E X P L O R E VOCABULARY Match the highlighted words in the extract with the definitions L Read the extract again and listen Answer the questions W h y did the tw o professors sit in (an unpleasant thing) suddenly starting separate boats? (m oving) in an awkward, difficult w ay H o w did the guides react when the knowing that something exists or is happening drums started? looking for a long tim e W h y did the speed o f the drums not moving at all change from one mom ent to another? W h a t did the narrator think the W h y d o you think th e y tied their drums w e re saying? canoes in the m iddle o f the stream, not at the side? something heavy that stops a b oat from moving the mom ent when the sun appears at the start o f a day with all one's attention; v e ry carefully SPEAKING W o rk in pairs Discuss the questions What you think the people who were drumming were actually 'saying' to each other? Lordjohn isn't worried by the drums, but the guides are How you think you would feel if you were part of the expedition? Give reasons W R IT IN G A short biography Read Jo e l’s biography of O liver Tambo and answer the questions What did Tambo study during his life? Where did he live, apart from in South Africa? Why did he give the A N C presidency to Nelson Mandela? W hich paragraph is which? W rite letters in the boxes in the text A Conclusion В Early life C Introduction to the person D Main achievements You're going to write a short biography Think of something in your country (e.g a street, an airport, a square) that has the name of a famous person Make notes about the person's life Do research on the Internet if you need to Decide which information is most important to include in a biography Now write the biography • Make sure that you include information that makes it clear why the place was named after the person • Follow the structure of the biography about Tambo • Write 150-200 words Johannesburg is my home city, and the international airport here is called O R Tambo airport It is named after Oliver Tambo, who not many people know much about - almost everyone has heard of Nelson Mandela, but Tambo is not as well known around the world Oliver Reginald Tambo (everyone knew him as O R.) was born in I9I7 in an area of South Africa now known as the Eastern Cape As a young man he studied education and for a while he was a teacher Later, he gave up teaching to study law, and in 1952 he joined Nelson Mandela’s law firm These were the years of apartheid in South Africa Tambo, like Mandela, was part of the African National Congress (ANC), which was an illegal organisation at that time Mandela was sent to prison on Robben Island and Tambo left the country - he lived at different times in Zambia and in London He was the ‘president in exile’ of the ANC and worked very hard to get support from other countries in the struggle to end apartheid He went back to South Africa in 1990, when the ANC became legal But he had a stroke and could not work any longer, so he passed the presidency of the ANC to Mandela Tambo died in I993, before he could see the first black government of his country In 2006, the airport was renamed after him to honour his achievements And to sum up, I think that this honour rightly recognised the very important role that Tambo played in the development of the country he loved www.frenglish.ru C A M B R I D G E EN GLISH: First ■ TriiNK EXAMS S P E A K IN G Part 3: Collaborative task Imagine your school is organising a week's trip for the students in your year Here are some ideas for some of the places they could take you and a question to discuss First you have some time to look at the task Г a big city in your own co un try / a town or city in a foreign co un try Now talk to each other about why students might want to go to these places Then decide which would be the best place to go on a school trip Part 4: Follow-up discussion Discuss the following questions Do you think it's important for schools to offer trips like these? W h y (not)? W h a t things can students learn on trips like these? W h a t might students find hardest about going away for a week? W h a t might students enjoy most about going away for a week? Some people say that school trips are expensive and discriminate against children whose parents don't have the A re school trips more useful for learning about some school subjects, e.g foreign languages, than others? W h a t money to pay for them W h a t you think? other subjects can you learn about on school trips? Explain how 118 www.frenglish.ru T E ST Y O U R S E L F U N IT S 11 & 12 VO CABU LARY Complete the sentences with the words in the list There are four extra words waterfall gave far-fetched bonus squeezing action-packed make reef to o k solar star toothpaste onto the mirror in the bathroom M y b ab y cousin d rew a p icture o f me by system p rojected on the ceiling o f his bedroom Jack has an image of the volcano breathtaking The effect o f the fireworks and the music was really erup ted and filled the sky with ash Flights w e re disrupted when a W e clim bed up to the to p o f the The w ater in the bay is always calm because it's pro tected by a and w atched the w ater pouring down it Pete’s dad gave him some go o d advice, but I don't think he W e w eren't expecting go o d w eather on our holiday, so the sunshine was a real Christine’s presentation is next week, so she needs t o some research on the Internet 10 His excuse for being late was s o _ _ that I did n’t believe a w o rd o f it GRAMMAR Complete the sentences with the phrases in the list There are two extra phrases must have d u e to was given consequently Jo h n n y D e p p is known to have must be can’t have to be received 50 million U S dollars for just one film Alan was always eating rubbish food, a n d he put on a lot of weight Silvia is a terrible singer - she London is known won the singing com petition! one of the most expensive cities in the world, Ja n e t left half an hour ago; she Luis hom e by now tw o identical jum pers for his birthday Find and correct the mistake in each sentence I’m sure a lot of p eo p le have met the new boy Sue mustn't be the only one O n ly a few p eo p le are thought to have survive so long alone in the desert O h dear, I'm bound to got this all wrong - I didn't understand the question M y father was brought up by his aunt after his parents w ere died K ellyjo n e s is know to have o w n ed three houses, although she has always said that she’s ve ry poor I suppose it’s possible - Carol might be at the p arty last night, but I didn't see her F U N C T IO N A L L A N G U A G E Choose the correct options A I’ve lost my phone! I c a n / m u s t have left it on the bus В O h d e a r / s h a m e , that is a problem A Last w eeken d w e couldn't find our cat W e thought she w a s / h a d b e e n run over b y a car A You know, in the past, being left-handed was b e lie v e d / k n o w n to be unnatural A In some countries black cats are t h o u g h t I k n o w n to b e unlucky В H ow sfio m e / t e r r ib le You must have been ve ry w orried В That m u s tn 't / c a n 't have been easy for left-handed people В Yes, but in other countries th ey are se e n / lo o k e d a t as bringers o f good luck 22-30 10-21 0-9 11 www.frenglish.ru PR U N IT Diphthongs: alternative spellings g >лшлм Read and listen to the five tongue twisters Notice the different spellings of the same sounds c Listen again W h at is the effect of the words in bold? г Ш Ж Ы Listen, repeat and practise U N IT Simon might've died when he climbed on the ice Pronouncing words with gh Joe tiptoed alone through the snow W e stayed until late; when it rained we went straight away W h e n they got down from the mountain they found it was just out of town L- ранги Read and listen to the extracts from the 'Answers4U' web page W h at you notice about the pronunciation of g h in the words in bold? PAUL A t first I thought it wouldn't be a problem - but now I'm scared I'll only get through it The boys enjoyed the noise as the water boiled with great difficulty Listen, repeat and practise SARAH Actually, the only box is the way we've been brought up to see problems Try to U N IT stop seeing things as 'right' or 'wrong' If Phrasal verb stress you try an idea and other p eop le laugh at enough from me I hope these ideas help! it, that’s their problem, not yours Anyway, II ШИПИ Read and listen to the dialogue below GILLIAN M oving to France when I was was tough It L Listen, repeat and practise turned out all right though I soon made new friends SAM H ow long did it take you to pick up French? GILLIAN A b o u t three months I out with my French friends every day, so that helped SAM Do you ever run into them now? GILLIAN Run into them? I don't live in France any more! U N IT The schwa sound (^ircjg)the correct words Thank you for calling the Com puter N o w Helpline primary stress is usually on the V e rb / p a r tic le and To find out how to zip a file, upgrade a system or stream a video, press To learn how to connect to wifi, browse the Internet or post an update, press secondary stress is on the V e rb / p a rtic le For all other enquiries, press Red ind icates ] p r im a r y I s e c o n d a ry stress Blue indicates 2p r im a r y I s e c o n d a ry stress In two-part phrasal verbs, C itiS Listen, repeat and practise о п та Listen, repeat and practise U N IT U N IT Adding emphasis Linking words with /0)3/ and /tj/ 1 СДИН Read and listen to the dialogue ROB Л a lfcH Read and listen to the dialogue JACK MILLIE Hannah's such a good tennis player! Did you W o u ld you like a cup of tea? see the match yesterday? SALLY Do you know what? I'd really prefer coffee Yes! It was so exciting! JACK O h ! Did you buy some when you went out? MILLIE She didn't win, but she did play really well SALLY No Didn't you? JACK ROB It was such a pity she lost! She tried so hard MILLIE Yes, it was such a difficult match ROB I know Anyway, I think she’s amazing! Don't you rem em ber? I told you w e didn't have any coffee! SALLY Do you know what? Tea sounds great! 120 It Read and listen to a voicemail message, paying attention to the words in blue Which sound they all share? * C Listen, repeat and practise PRONUNCIATION www.frenglish.ru U N IT E M Listen again and write ay or w above the underlined words to indicate which intrusive sound you hear о д а Intonation: encouraging someone n ftwun Read and listen to the dialogue BECKY HARRY BECKY HARRY BECKY Hi, Harry! You don’t look very happy What’s up? Well I just failed my driving test Oh! That's too bad but don’t let it get you down Plenty of people fail the first time! Actually, it's not the first time Oh well, look on the bright side - you can only get better! U N IT 10 Linking: omission of the /h/ sound HUGO W h a t happened? HELEN H e hurt her feelings H e said he didn’t like her new haircut It’ll be all right! You just need a bit more practice, that’s all I know you can it! CDraw arrows above the blue phrases to show how Becky's voice goes up and down СИ И ЬМ Listen, repeat and practise L ftHkMil Read and listen to the dialogue HELEN H ilary and H arry aren’t speaking to each other HARRY I suppose so I just feel kind of stupid BECKY Listen, repeat and practise HUGO H o w horrible! Did he mean to upset her? HELEN O f course he didn't! Е М * И Listen again and underline the words in which the letter h is silent Is it silent in stressed or unstressed words? U N IT Listen, repeat and practise Weak forms with conditionals U N IT 11 Stress on modal verbs for speculation О О П KIM NELLIE KIM NELLIE Read and listen to the dialogue Oh no! I forgot Mum’s birthday! I would've remembered if I didn't have all these exams! Really, Kim you could've written it in your diary I could’ve done many things Nellie But that's not the point You should’ve asked vour dad to remind you! What are you going to do? L Read and listen to the dialogue GINA I just watched a T V show that said aliens migfit have visited Earth NED W e ll they might have I suppose GINA It said that they may have built the pyramids! NED It could be true - if they had the technology to get here in the first place GINA In fact, they may be in our town, right now! OOP Listen again and circle the word in blue in which the /v/ sound in've is pronounced W h y you think this might be? РИ В1 Linking: intrusive /w/ and /]/ С Ш ELLEN EVAN ELLEN EVAN C Listen again, and colour the box black above the word which carries primary stress n Listen, repeat and practise U N IT NED O h Gina! That's not very likely, is it? Listen, repeat and practise U N IT 12 Linking: intrusive /г/ Read and listen to the dialogue My parents tell me off all the time They’re always so angry with me! Why don’t you ask them to explain why they're upset? You might be able to change things Why you always have to have a solution to everything Evan? It’s so annoying! Don't be angry Ellen I’m only trying to help! You can be annoying too, you know! i- ! » * e i Read and listen to the excerpts from a blog W e ’l e o j f on oilTa^ventui(e^h Saturday W e 're going far away to explore amazing places W e hope to learn more about our incredible Earth W e 'll rem em ber our adventure for ever! Join us on our adventure - follow our excellent blog! L m Listen again and(cjrcie)the pairs of words linked with the /г/ sound E M ftH Listen, repeat and practise www.frenglish.ru U N IT Verb patterns Learners often use the wrong verb form after certain verbs, using the gerund instead of to + infinitive and vice versa / I'm lo o k in g f o r w a r d to g o in g to th e fe s tiv a l X I'm lo o k in g fo r w a r d to g o to th e fe s tiv a l Which of these sentences are correct and which are incorrect? Rewrite the incorrect ones Ben was looking forward to climb the cliff Ben was looking forward to climbing the clif f They wanted going sailing but the weather conditions were too extreme I enjoy to wander around outdoor markets when I'm on holiday Jo refused to swing across the river on the rope Do you think you'll manage completing the mountain climb? Tim doesn't mind helping out on the mountaineering course at weekends Kate had hoped reaching the glacier by early afternoon but slipped on the ice and broke her leg The children learnt building a shelter during the survival course Megan was thrilled when she got her exam results as she'd expected failing remember, try, stop, regret and forget Learners often use the wrong verb form after the verbs re m e m b e r, try, stop, re g r e t and fo rg e t, which can all be followed by both the gerund and infinitive but with different meanings / / r e a lly th in k y o u s h o u ld s to p sm oking X / r e a lly th in k y o u s h o u ld s to p to s m o k e Choose the correct verb form Did you remember b u y in g / to b u y some milk? John stopped g e ttin g a d r in k / to g e t a d r in k at a cafe on the way to the beach I will never forget c lim b in g / to c lim b Everest It was the ultimate experience Kathryn tried c lim b in g /to c lim b Everest three times but never succeeded Dan stopped s tu d y in g / to s tu d y after the exam They regretted g o in g / to g o to the party as they didn't know anyone and they felt awkward Dad tried c o m p le tin g / to c o m p le te the crossword but it was impossible I regret in fo rm in g / to in fo rm you that there are no places left on the course U N IT that and which in relative clauses Learners often use th a t instead of w hich in non­ defining relative clauses / W o rk in g le a d s to se lf-e ste e m , w hich is v it a l fo r m o s t p e o p le X W o rk in g le a d s to se lf-e ste e m , t h a t is v ita l f o r m o s t p e o p le Match the two parts of the sentences and rewrite them as one sentence using either th a t or w hich Use th a t where possible The Arctic tern flies about 70,000 miles, The grey whale is the animal Domenico Lucano had an idea Our teacher always praises us when we've done well in a test, „ I spoke to him using Italian, Elana has decided to live abroad, b GET IT RIGHT! www.frenglish.ru a helps give us confidence, b is an amazing distance, c swims about 18,000 km every year, d I think is very brave of her e saved his village, f I had learnt while working there The A rctic te rn flies ab o u t ,0 0 miles, w hich is an a m a z in g distance Relative pronouns Learners often omit relative pronouns in defining relative clauses when you can't / / d o n 't k n o w th e n u m b e r o f p e o p le w h o w e n t to U N IT much vs many Learners often confuse m u c h and m a n y У There are m a n y more advantages than disadvantages X There are much more advantages than disadvantages / There was m uch more information on the website X There was many more information on the website C o m p lete th e sentences w ith m u c h or m a n y Did you run into any of the people usually play there on Mondays? ibid you run into any o f the people who usually play there on M ondays? The pedestrians crossing the road had to run to avoid being hit by the car I can s p e n d as tim e as n e c e s sa ry m a k in g th e c o s tu m e th e fe s tiv a l W hich of these sentences are correct and which are incorrect? Rewrite the incorrect ones n a u g h ty c h ild re n if p a re n ts w e r e stricter th e fe s tiv a l X /d o n 't k n o w th e n u m b e r o f p e o p le w e n t to T h e r e w o u ld n 't b e so S he s h o u ld ask M rs D av ie s fo r a d v ic e S he kn o w s so a b o u t p a re n tin g T h e b o o k c o n ta in s useful id e a s a b o u t b rin g in g u p c h ild re n Y o u s h o u ld c o m e in s id e n o w Y o u 'v e a lre a d y s p e n t to o tim e in th e sun T h e r e is m o r e to b e said a b o u t this b u t w e d o n 't h ave tim e now much and most A com m on erro r fo r learners is mistakes w ith There was a food shortage caused by the extreme weather last summer m o s t b y p reced in g it w ith th e or follow ing it by o f w hen this isn’t necessary / Most drivers are careless X -fhe most drivers are careless They went through a bad time lasted a few months Who is the man waving at us? / Most parents find bringing up children a challenge X M ost e f parents find bringing up children a challenge T ick the correct sentences and cross the incorrect ones Then rew rite th e incorrect sentences correctly T h e m o s t o f m y te a c h e rs a t school w e r e M o s t o f m y frie n d s use th e ir p h o n e s a lot Jam es spent most o f the time I was there q u ite strict Those are the residents live in that building over there getting read y for the fancy-dress party The Tuareg are the people regularly cross national borders Sally tr ie d o n a fe w o u tfits b u t th e m o s t o f th e m w e r e to o b ig fo r her It w o u ld b e in te re s tin g to k n o w if m o s t o f p e o p le a g r e e d w ith A m y C hua's p a re n tin g ideas W e r e th e m o s t o f y o u r o ld s chool frie n d s at th e re u n io n ? www.frenglish.ru U N IT U N IT used to Comparatives Learners often make mistakes with used to, writing use to instead of u s ed to and also using it to talk about present habits / /used to help him when he was ill X /m e to help him when he was ill У I usually go running twice a week if I have the time X /use to go running twice a week if I have the time Learners often use the comparative instead of the superlative and vice versa / That was the worst evening o f my holiday X That was the worse evening o f my holiday У Their behaviour seems to getting worse X Their behaviour seems to getting worst Rewrite these incorrect sentences correctly Complete the sentences with the correct superlative or comparative in the list Liam use to be ve ry bad-tempered but he's happier nicer now higher There's a lot of planning involved in my jo b so I use to be organised W h e n I was at school w e use to sit in a row in some lessons The man who use to live there moved to Spain Sarah used to watch a lot of T V when she hasn’t the questions, the more money can W h at's the W h e n Liz got married it was the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ day of T h e the salary, the more extra money to w ay to ask someone out? The exam I sat yesterday was the _ _ _ _ _ one I've her life spend you have ever done Luke and Sally's engagement p arty would have been should hardest best got much homework U N IT The harder better be won by the participants They use to go to school by bus except for Tuesdays when they walk happiest highest if they'd invited more people Tom decided to climb t h e mountain Som e p eop le think that the richer you are the in Scotland Learners often use w o u ld and m u s t instead of sh ould / Lots o f people think that animals sh ould be free X Lots o f people think that animals must be free For each pair of sentences tick the correct one a Linkers of Contrast Learners often confuse linkers or make mistakes with form Your com puter is very slow I think you У A lth o u g h I studied a lot I failed the exam should upgrade your system X Despite I studied a lot I failed the exam b □ Your com puter is very slow I think you a Sally wouldn't have emigrated if she b □ Sally shouldn't have emigrated if she a O u r teachers should motivate us to study must upgrade your system you are hadn’t been unhappy here Rewrite the sentences either by using a different linker or by changing the form of the sentence hadn't been unhappy here more so we better in exams b □ O u r teachers would motivate us to study a W e should launch the new product more so we better in exams before the end o f the month or w e won't In spite o f getting engaged, they never got married W e must launch the new product before Even though confessing to the crime, the police didn’t arrest her W e made an enquiry about the delivery Despite, no one got back to us Nevertheless the fact that they made a complaint about the food, the chef didn't apologise hit the sales figures W e 'v e no option b □ In spite they got engaged, they never got married Although they got engaged, they never got married The children took the move to the countryside in the end of the month or w e won’t hit the their stride, despite they had been happy living in sales figures W e 'v e no option the town GET IT RIGHT! www.frenglish.ru U N IT Put the words in order to make sentences In each sentence there is an extra word that you don't need Future-continuous Learners often use the present continuous when the future continuous is more commonly used / On holiday we w ill b e s ta yin g in tents Л On holiday we are staying in tents If/w o u ld / run through / the / mistake / calculations / th e y / th e y / w o u ld / have/realised / had / their / cook book / The / wouldn't / meal / w ouldn’t / turned o u t/le n t / so well / if/ you / hadn’t / me / h ave/yo u r/ Tick the sentences which sound perfectly natural as they are and rewrite the other ones I'll see you tom orrow outside the hospital at pm I am seeing you sometime over the weekend, so I’ll show you then □ would / 'II / that / She / / her / provided / w e / h e lp / it/ get / infection / you / hands, / might / don’t / would / wash / If/ yo u r/y o u / an / □ The / wouldn't / been / have / ripped / would / it / had / cloth / if / stronger / W h e n we meet I'll be wearing a black dress and a hat □ as / time / won’t / It / problem / long / a / as / would / arrive / on / be / you / I’ll come to the airport to pick you up I'm waiting for you at arrivals John won’t come to the p arty on Saturday as he’s busy This time next week they will lie on a beach relaxing □ □ □ U N IT wish Learners often use wish when h o p e or w a n t are required and vice versa У I w a n t my children to live in a happy family /• I wish my children to live in a happy family U N IT Choose the correct verb would Learners often use w o u ld in the //clause of conditional sentences instead of using a present, past simple or past perfect form / Don't hesitate to contact me if you n e e d any more information Л Don't hesitate to contact me if you would need any more information / If you h a d com e to the park, you would have enjoyed yourself X If you would have come to the park, you would have enjoyed yourself Chloe hopes /wishes you hadn’t told her about Richard I wish /hope you have a good time in Mallorca Dad wishes /wants to learn how to play the piano W e want/ wish our next d o o r neighbour didn't Steve hopes play the violin /wishes to get on a degree course next year I hope / wish that the play lived up to your expectations I'm having a BBQ_on Saturday and I hope can come /wish you www.frenglish.ru wish / if only U N IT 11 Learners often use the past simple instead of the past perfect after wish / if o n ly when talking about the past / /wish I h a d g o n e to the party X /wish I went to the party I wish w e won I wish we had won Tom's mum wishes he had studied harder Tom's mum wishes he studied harder If only I had slept until later If only I didn't sleep so late If only Pete hadn't let you down If only Pete didn’t let you down a at school so he could get into university, b all the time, you'd be friends, c a match occasionally It would be nice! d I wouldn't be so tired now e you'd still be friends, f the match Everyone was so disappointed, g at school and got into university, h I'd have more time in the mornings Learners often make mistakes with cause and effect linkers: so, co n se q u en tly, b e cau se of, d u e to, as a res u lt of У It's easier to go by train because you have no parking problems X It's easier to go by train for you have no parking problems Match the two parts of the sentences Cause and effect linkers Choose the correct linker Consequently /Due to /Because the film's success, the director was in high demand M any p eo p le witnessed the solar eclipse So / Because o f I As a result, a number of p eo p le were admitted to hospital with eye damage It's a very popular tourist destination because o f I as a result I due its breathtaking views Emily spent most of her money in the first week of her holiday and because /consequently /as a result had ve ry little to spend in the second week I really hate being interrupted because I so I consequently please wait for me to finish speaking! Daniela's dad was cross as a result /for /because o f her disappointing exam results U N IT 10 U N IT 12 Reported speech been and being Learners often omit i f when reporting ye s ln o questions, or use the auxiliary d o when it isn’t needed Learners also need to be careful with word order in reported speech Learners often confuse b e e n and b e in g У I don't think your talent is b e in g recognised X /don't think your talent is been recognised У I’ve always b e en able to rely on him / He asked me i f I wanted to go X He asked me did I want to go X I’ve always being able to rely on him У The teacher asked me how old I was Choose the correct form, b e e n or b e in g X The teacher asked me how old was I W o rk on the school is being /been carried out at the moment Tick the correct sentences and rewrite the incorrect ones correctly Advances are being /been made all the time in medical research Simon asked me did I rem em ber to pass on the message to the class H e asked if he was in their way Sandra asked how efficiently worked the machine She asked could any politician ever The students asked the speaker how big had The chief editor asked the journalist if he did be impartial been the impact of war think the article was newsworthy 126 Police have being /been trying to determ ine exactly what happened during the burglary H Richard feels like he's being /been taken advantage of I rem em ber being I been amazed at the size of the waterfall Since we played the joke on him, he's being I been avoiding us www.frenglish.ru U N IT 6, PAG E 56 Student A Student C You are an 18-year-old student who suffers from You are a middle-aged lawyer You have work to claustrophobia (which means you really don't like in your office and you think it’s very important that enclosed spaces) You can be in a lift for three or four you get to your office soon You are not a ve ry patient minutes, but after that you panic and need to get out person You not like students or unemployed as soon as possible W h e n you are stressed, you usually p eop le ve ry much, and you absolutely hate music sing to help you relax 127 www.frenglish.ru U N IT 6, P A G E 56 128 Student В Student D You are an elderly person, about 65 years old You have been in situations like this before and it doesn't worry you very much However, you have an important appointment with your doctor in an hour's time so you really need to get out as soon as possible You would like the other people to something practical to fix the situation You are an unemployed person in your 20s You are in the lift because you are going to ajob interview which starts in 30 minutes But it’s not ajob you really want so you are not very worried and you're relieved to have the excuse not to go Also you are a very calm person and you enjoy helping other people You also enjoy singing www.frenglish.ru A cknow ledg em ents The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources o f copyright material and Blend Images/Getty Images; p 38 (L): € are grateful for the permissions granted W h ile e ve ry effort has been made, it has not always Shutterstock; p 38 (TR): ©Christina Kru b een possible to identify the sources o f all the material used, o r to trace all copyright holders Harvey/Gallo Images/Getty Images; p If any omissions are brought to ou r notice, w e will b e hap p y to include the appropriate Digitalvision/Getty Images; p 39 (B/G) j h IПк B f l t i S h E fT Q llSh A S B I№ 11!»I! ack now led gm ents on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable Shutterstock; p 41 (BL): © Dean Turner/ Text on p 12 adapted from 'M ountaineer Jo e Simpson' interview b y A n d re w Denton Shutterstock; p 42 (T L, BL, BR): ©ekler/! Copyright © 2003 Australian Broadcasting Corporation Rep rod uced with kind permission o f p 46: ©Blend Images - Hill Street Studicg Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ©ssuaphotos/Shutterstock, p 48 (T C ):