Group 8 report fletcher whiplash leadership

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION - - PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT MID-TERM REPORT LEADERSHIP FROM THE SCREENPLAY THE CASE OF “WHIPLASH” Submitted by : Group 08 Lecturer : Ph D Hoang Anh Duy Class : QTRE303CLC.3 Hanoi, April 2021 FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION - - PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT MID-TERM REPORT LEADERSHIP FROM THE SCREENPLAY THE CASE OF “WHIPLASH” Submitted by : Group 08 Lecturer : Ph D Hoang Anh Duy Class : QTRE303CLC.3 Hanoi, April 2021 LIST OF GROUP MEMBERS No Students’ ID Full Name Class 1915530509 Khuất Tuấn Cường K58-LOG-ANH 02 1915530511 Vi Đỗ Hân K58-LOG-ANH 02 1915530803 Đoàn Ngọc Minh K58-LOG-ANH 02 1915530714 Phạm Thị Hồng Ngọc K58-LOG-ANH 01 1915530715 Ngô Duy Thái K58-LOG-ANH 02 1915530542 Trần Thị Hà Vi K58-LOG-ANH 01 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION LIST OF FIGURES I About Whiplash II Literature Review on Leadership Definition Early Theories of Leadership 10 2.1 Leadership Trait Theories .10 2.2 Leadership Behavior Theories .11 Contingency Theories of Leadership 12 3.1 Fiedler’s Contingency Model 13 3.2 Path-goal Theory .14 3.3 Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory 15 Contemporary Views of Leadership .16 4.1 Transformational-Transactional Leadership 16 4.2 Charismatic-Visionary Leadership 17 III Finding and Analysis .20 Analysis on Terrence Fletcher’s Leadership Traits and Styles 20 1.1 Sources of Power in Whiplash 20 1.2 Leadership Traits .20 1.3 Leadership Styles .22 Evaluation of Terrence Fletcher’s Leadership Styles .24 2.1 Strengths 24 2.2 Limitations .24 IV Recommendations 26 CONCLUSION .29 REFERENCES .30 WORK DISTRIBUTION 32 INTRODUCTION Many researchers have studied a variety of leadership models over the past several centuries Early studies concentrated on the characteristics and attitudes of the leader, followed by the contingencies Recent approaches experience the new concept "ethical leadership," which refers to a collection of principles and actions that the leader applies in the enterprise from an ethical standpoint1 Also, according to Northouse2 ethical leadership is defined as a process by which a moral person rightly influences others to the right things in the right way for the right reasons It is widely acknowledged in today's world that leadership is the most powerful factor that leads to success Power is one of the leader's tools, and a leader must use power on followers in an ethical manner As power is wielded differently, the impact on followers varies from person to person Although the right level of pressure can be a positive motivator for working hard and reaching goals, using heavy power and intense discipline can backfire; on the opposite, this strong power can rile up the followers The dilemma occurs if the leaders focus on success at any cost or mitigate the ethical factors for the sake of success The dilemma will be tried to clarify by evaluating a short video cut from the movie “Whiplash” from the leader's shoes Based upon the video, possibilities and diversities of effects linked to ethical leadership and usage of power will be determined Whiplash is a 2014 American psychological drama film written and directed by Damien Chazelle It depicts the relationship between an ambitious jazz drummer (Miles Teller) and an abusive perfectionist bandleader (J K Simmons) at the fictional Shaffer Conservatory The aim of the study is to investigate the role of leadership aiming for success in terms of negative or positive impacts of the level of power usage on followers It Yıldırım, 2010 Northouse, 2009 is also aimed to analyze the leadership styles while focusing on power and success Furthermore, analyzing a short cut of Daniel Chazelle’s movie “Whiplash” which won three awards at the 87th Academy Awards also explains what leadership is, what kind of features a leader should have, how leadership can influence followers LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Seven Traits Associated with Leadership .10 Figure 2: Fiedler's Contingency Model 13 Figure 3: Path-Goal Model .14 Figure 4: Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory .15 I About Whiplash Whiplash is a gripping story about two men The protagonist of Whiplash – Andrew Neiman – aspires to be a decent musician, one that will be remembered in the same way that his idol Buddy Rich is remembered Andrew is a 19-year-old music conservatory resident in Manhattan Terrence Fletcher, a conservatory coach, has a ruthless brutal teaching style He desperately seeks to discover and cultivate the next jazz legend as a music instructor at the best jazz academy This mix of objectives could make for a fruitful and cooperative collaboration, but the way the two go about forcing themselves to achieve success is as disruptive socially as it is musically The group is kept on their toes by Fletcher's offensive insults and oppressive leadership, and anybody who cannot handle the pressure is left behind Fletcher's strict approach transforms rehearsals into a survival race, with any chipped note resulting in excruciating punishment for the pupils While it may be extreme and dramatic, “Whiplash” pinpoints the two characters’ love for music Neiman pursues perfection at the expense of blood and tears Fletcher discards his morality to push his students towards excellence Neiman’s obsession for greatness leads him to ignore his hatred for Fletcher, but his obsession comes at a cost Fletcher is heavily fixated with the idea of training the second Charlie Parker, the legendary jazz composer When asked about his brutal teaching, Fletcher shows his conviction: “The real Charlie Parker will never be discouraged.” The film has won various awards and praises from the viewers J K Simmons has won the best supporting actor Oscar for his role – Terrence Fletcher – in Whiplash There have been many debates to clarify the true meaning behind this intense movie Is it really enough to strive to be the best? Is our society's true target fame, perfection, and adoration? Can people compromise our ethical standards in order to achieve this success? Nevertheless, the psychological thriller also serves as a springboard for many topics in education, including leadership and coaching II Literature Review on Leadership Definition Leadership Even though the business world is dizzyingly evolving today, with globalization, developing technology and transportation, and emerging complex business organizations, human power retains its significance that has no alternative in the organization Just having a manager is not enough to bring about progress in an organization or to build and accomplish goals; it also needs the presence of a "leader" who will guide the organization forward Leadership is described in a variety of ways in the literature Peter Northouse defines leadership as “a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.”3 According to Northouse, in this definition there are several components and meanings hidden; (a) Leadership is a process (b) it involves influencing others (c) a group is necessary to leadership happens, (d) leadership involvesgoal attainment (e) these goals are shared by leaders and their followers According to Susan Ward4, leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act toward achieving a common goal This can involve leading staff and colleagues with a plan to fulfill the company's needs in a business environment Effective leadership is built from ideas, so that will not work until those ideas can be conveyed to others in a manner that entices them to behave the way a leader wants them to The leader must be both the catalyst and the executor of the plan They're the one in the community who has the right mix of personality and communication abilities to entice others to follow their lead Peter G Northouse, Leadership: Theory and Practice, 2010 Susan Ward, 2018 Power The acceptance of “power emerges in social ties between individuals” serves as the foundation for power-related discussions in organizations French and Raven argue that the most common classification in literature The study by French and Raven categorized different forms of power based on their source (1) Legitimate: This source of power stems from the idea that the leader has the right to make demands and expect others to comply (2) Reward: This source of influence derives from a leader's willingness to provide workers with incentives or inducements (3) Expert: This source of influence is derived from a leader's experience and skills (4) Referent: This source of influence stems from the perceived beauty, charm, or likeability of the leader (5) Coercive: This basis of power is founded on fear of the leader and the illusion that the leader has the ability to punish others for noncompliance All of these taxonomies have identified the sources of influence, but there are two major groups Positional power (power derived from one's position) and personal power (power originating from inside of the individual) Each category may include one or more of the five sources of power defined by French and Raven, and it is related to the leader's ethical behaviors Positional power includes the potential for influence arising from legitimate authority, as well as control over incentives, punishments, resources, decisions, knowledge, and the work environment Personal power, on the other hand, is derived from knowledge, charisma, loyalty, or morality Personal power may play a more important role in acting as an ethical leader, as shown by the possible factors arising from the leaders' individual characteristics Questionnaires were provided to subordinates in many studies to see if and type of power was linked to subordinate satisfaction or results Effective leaders should rely more on expert and referent power to influence subordinates, according to the findings III Finding and Analysis Analysis on Terrence Fletcher’s Leadership Traits and Styles 1.1 Sources of Power in Whiplash According to their sources, French and Raven listed the different types of power as follows: legitimate, reward, expert, coercive, referent The character Fletcher is shown to personify a very strong conductor First and foremost, the directorate, other teachers, and students consider Fletcher as an expert because he has been one of the good players in the past and has had a very good year for music to recognize the gifted players He also abuses his students with this power in an immoral manner One example is the scene which depicts one of the orchestra's rehearsals Fletcher says there is a wrong chord and demands that whoever he is, move forward When no one replies, he chooses one and bullies the person No one argues that he chooses the wrong student because of his experience and also because of their lack of self-confidence He reveals the student who plays in the wrong tone when he dismisses the wrong student from class, saying “For the record, Metz was not out of tune You were, Wallach But Metz didn’t know it And that’s bad enough” Fletcher uses his expert power to bully and terrorize the students From the first minute until he is fired from the conservatory, Fletcher's status as a conductor gives him legitimate authority He combines other sources of power to achieve this level of power It is witnessed that Fletcher rarely uses reward power It's also been noted that the aim is to offend others rather than reward them When Fletcher rewards others, he does not communicate in an ethical manner Fletcher promotes Andrew to head of drummers, then humiliates the previous head drummer in front of everyone It is easy to conclude that he lacks a referent force, as a result of which he is an acute person who rules by fear and is feared rather than valued 1.2 Leadership Traits Drive: Terrence Fletcher always shows relatively high desire for achievement He strives for perfection and tirelessly persistent with his own philosophy of coaching When practicing for their new song, Caravan, Fletcher tells the entire band that they will not be leaving until one of the drummers gets it right This 20 clearly shows Fletcher’s devotion for articulation and perfection Fletcher confesses his own philosophy that relentless and ruthless deeds, moving people past the traditional standards of others, are an utter requirement to produce a genuinely great musician on the incredibly unlikely occasion that they find common ground Fletcher despises the current understanding of jazz, cynically believing that people nowadays are comfortable with mediocrity, while Terence is adamant about achieving greatness, no matter the cost Fletcher understands that he will not be recognized as an all-time great artist, but he is dedicated to mentoring someone who will Fletcher claims to have managed to transform people into great artists, something he considers to be something better than the majority of people Honesty and integrity: It could be perceived from the movie that Terrence Fletcher show little or no moral towards his students Throughout the film, Fletcher is especially interested in bullying Andrew Neiman, and is not afraid to use ethnic and personal epithets towards him, as well as cruelly ridicule, threaten, and mock him However, Fletcher is not completely remorseless, actually shedding tears over the death of Sean Casey, citing the latter to have been a wonderful player, and it is heavily implied that before Neiman came along, Sean Casey was his protegee Fletcher has a soft side for some people, as shown by him chatting civilly with a former student and also playfully and charismatically with the latter's daughter, suggesting that she might join his band as she grows up Desire to Lead: He has stated many times during the movie that he wants to bring out the greatness in his student, or at least a few of them While many criticize his abusive leadership style, Fletcher believes it helps thin the herd of lesser artists and inspires those with true talent to become even better As a result, he still feels completely justified in his conduct, whether he's tossing chairs at his students, calling them insulting slurs, or exploiting their deepest fears “Now either you are deliberately playing out of tune and sabotaging my band or you not know you're out of tune, which I'm afraid is even worse,” Although Fletcher believes that his brutal methods benefit his students, it is obvious that he loves the control he wields over them He'll frequently make his students audition for hours on end or publicly embarrass them in class just to show he's in control of his band 21 Job-relevant knowledge: Terrence Fletcher is a professional when it comes to music At the prestigious Shaffer Conservatory, he is a jazz player, conductor, and coach Fletcher eats, sleeps, and breathes jazz, devoting the majority of his musical energies to the elite studio band he leads at Shaffer They compete at a high level, and Fletcher demands excellence from them every time they play – even in practice Fletcher is always striving for musical perfection He's a jazz connoisseur who can tell when even the tiniest detail is off When first-year drummer Andrew Neiman's tempo is off by a millisecond, Fletcher scolds him, emphatically stating, "Not my tempo." 1.3 Leadership Styles 1.3.1 Based on Behavioral Theories of Leadership a Terrence Fletcher as an autocratic leader Autocratic leadership is a management style wherein one person controls all the decisions and takes very little inputs from other group members Autocratic leaders make choices or decisions based on their own beliefs and not involve others for their suggestion or advice Terence Fletcher used the autocratic leadership style to ensure that his team members delivered the most perfect play He insisted on finding out the one that was out-of-tune to make the best performance He had a strong belief that there was the one out-of-tune and so that no one dared to raise their voice Some experts argue that this type of leadership style can be damaging rather than rewarding in the long run as it resembles that of a dictator It leads to low employee morale, which in turn may lead to attrition in many cases However, there are some advantages of autocratic leadership as well It leads to quick decisionmaking, control over the processes and the operations of a company, etc In the case of Terence Fletcher, he easily found out what he wanted b Terence Fletcher as a production-oriented leader Task orientation relates to Blake and Mouton's concern for production It is the quality of a manager who maintains strong discipline to task completion and deadlines A highly task-oriented manager maintains focus on timing and quality of 22 work and, at the extreme, can lose sight of the importance of showing consideration for employees A leader with strong orientation often gets labeled as an authoritarian leader because he puts his own plan into action with little employee involvement Fletcher was a task-oriented leader He was more focused on the task and the perfect performance rather than on people’s feelings He did not regard the feelings of employees; he only listened to their ideas It can be proved in the video when he asked the trumpeter without recognizing the scary look on his face Despite the fact that they agreed on his requirement, there was no one dared to raise their voice And Fletcher also did not care about their feelings when he didn’t let the trumpeter say anything and just screamed at his face Another proof that shows Fletcher is rather production-oriented than employee-oriented is his saying in the video: “I’ve carried you for too long, Met I’m not gonna have you cost us a competition because your mind is on a Happy Meal instead of on pitch” What he said meant that he cared more about results rather than the feeling of the player He wanted every player in the orchestra to completely focus on the song 1.3.2 According to Contemporary Approaches Charismatic leadership is defined by a leader who uses his or her communication skills, persuasiveness, and charm to influence others Charismatic leaders, given their ability to connect with people on a deep level, are especially valuable within organizations that are facing a crisis or are struggling to move forward You may notice that charismatic leadership shares many traits with transformational leadership While similar, there’s one important difference: charismatic leaders rely on their own personality and skillset to move their followers to action, while transformational leaders rely on a shared vision to create change In the case, Fletcher definitely believed in his ability so that he thought he wasn’t wrong However, he told players to play a little bit again to prove that truth After a few seconds of checking, he said that: “My ears are not wrong” 23 Evaluation of Terrence Fletcher’s Leadership Styles 2.1 Strengths Studying Fletcher’s leadership style, many people see that he has strengths of his own Undeniably, he seems to be very strict with his orchestra and it becomes the most powerful weapon of his Although each member in his team has different characteristics, everyone listened to him in an unintentional way because of his influence Secondly, he did not use distinctively one technique but he used different styles to lead the orchestra To be more specific, he used autocratic style, charismatic style and transformational styles in a smooth way, therefore, each member would follow him in different aspects Thirdly, he is often described as charismatic and thoughtful by members in the orchestra So far, his orchestra has been characterized by a greater focus on the melody they were playing and has shown extreme solidarity Last but not least, he brought his team together with discipline, solidarity, and precision The orchestra has become one of the most successful bands at that time and everyone showed that they had done their best, even overcoming their own limits 2.2 Limitations Beside all the strengths, his leadership style also has many limitations He constantly pushes his students to be better and not being content with themselves Fletcher pushed his students because he believed that they had the potential to be the best He Enables Others to act, rather, he dares his students to act and take initiative However, he does not encourage them Fletcher intentionally, verbally, and physically abuses his students until they achieve greatness or drop out of his band His students not take enjoyment in learning from him; however, they know that his training and expertise will elevate them above other musicians Furthermore, his leadership style lacks appreciation He uses fear to control and 24 dominate His excessive coercing could lead to bullying, making the work environment unsustainable, and abusive relationships, loss of confidence in the members of the band 25 IV Recommendations Recommendations for Fletcher Establishing Trust and Mutual Accountability Effective coaching is based on instilling a winning attitude, prioritizing goals, and guiding others to success All parties must agree to the process in order to maximize the results of an engagement Fletcher does not help Andrew's eagerness to please by facilitating clarification, demonstrating comprehension, or framing an intent A good coach sets the tone early on, keeps their clients in the present moment, and accepts responsibility for their decisions They also keep their power under control Above all, they foster a healthy atmosphere for idea sharing and learning Strengthening Competencies and Reinforcing Positive Behaviors Teacher and student have never found equilibrium since their first tense meeting Fletcher is on Andrew from the start, more interested in drawing attention to the young drummer's flaws than in coaxing music from him Fletcher is brutal, endlessly cynical, and at times inexplicably vicious, despite traces of his underlying humanity There is no spirit-lifting or confidence-building going on here Any business coach who chooses to berate, deride, or mock a client is not providing business coaching Showing a Vested Interest in Personal Welfare Fletcher's hurried torrents of "instruction" and lack of rapport not represent a concern for his student's well-being Theirs is an antagonistic relationship that is becoming increasingly vindictive Fletcher has no wish for Andrew's success A true teacher respects his or her students, keeps the dialogue constructive, and focuses on success Serious business coaching necessitates an expenditure in emotional resources, collaborative thought, and regular contemplation pauses There is no rivalry or headbutting There is no slapping of the face or dropping of Fbombs 26 Promoting Growth Through Correcting Mistakes Fletcher despises flaws and is harsh on Andrew's methodology Andrew is unable to learn from his mistakes because he is not given any leeway, and he is forced to act from a place of helplessness Conscientious business coaches recognize that a zero-tolerance policy for error does not guarantee results; rather, learning comes from failure (and repeatedly so) They motivate their clients to perform better by boosting their self-esteem, getting positive feedback, and reducing stress Recommendations for Future Leaders The autocratic style can be beneficial in some settings, but also has its pitfalls and is not appropriate for every setting and with every group If this tends to be your dominant leadership style, there are things that you should consider whenever you are in a leadership role Listen to Team Members You might not change your mind or implement their advice, but subordinates need to feel that they can express their concerns Autocratic leaders can sometimes make team members feel ignored or even rejected Establish Clear Rules In order to expect team members to follow your rules, you need to first ensure that guidelines are clearly established and that each person on your team is fully aware of them Provide Tools Once your subordinates understand the rules, you need to be sure that they actually have the education and abilities to perform the tasks you set before them If they need additional assistance, offer oversight and training to fill in this knowledge gap Be Reliable 27 Inconsistent leaders can quickly lose the respect of their teams Follow through and enforce the rules you have established Establish that you are a reliable leader and your team is more likely to follow your guidance because you have built trust with them Recognize Success Your team may quickly lose motivation if they are only criticized when they make mistakes but never rewarded for their successes Try to recognize success more than you point out mistakes By doing so, your team will respond much more favorably to your correction 28 CONCLUSION This study examined the power usage in the frame of ethical leadership by the movie “Whiplash” as a case On the basis of the research, although power usage is an important tool for the leaders, it can be concluded that excessive usage of power could create dilemmas with ethical leadership Ethical leadership should be supported by composing an ethical climate in organizations for the limitation of the power usage of leaders to prevent unethical use of power By analyzing the leadership strategies are used, as well as the theoretical framework of leadership We learn some important lessons to remind us how to apply knowledge in daily situations and to train us for the dilemmas we will face when we return to work 29 REFERENCES Jason Matthews, 2016 Leadership Theories: Three Types Of Contingency And Situational Theories [online] Available at: Lindsay Harris, 2019 Why Job Autonomy Is Vital For Success – And How To Encourage It - CIPHR [online] Available at: < https://www.ciphr.com/advice/employee-autonomy/> Mindtools,2020 The Blake Mouton Managerial Grid: Leading People And Producing Results [online] Available at: Situational Theories Of Leadership [online] Available at: Will Kenton, 2019 Hersey-Blanchard Model [online] Available at: Literature Essay Samples 2021 The ethics of Terence Fletcher’s abusive teaching style in the film Whiplash | Literature Essay Samples [online] Available at: Tlu.ee 2021 The University of Michigan Studies [online] Available at: iEduNote.com 2021 Ohio State Leadership Studies Explained with Examples [online] Available at: Scripts.com 2021 Whiplash Movie Script [online] Available at: 10 Aspentimes.com 2021 ‘Whiplash,’ Take Two: A Shortfest winner transforms into one of 2014’s most buzzed-about features [online] Available at: 11 Verywell Mind 2021 How Does Laissez-Faire Leadership Work? [online] Available at: 12 Verywell Mind 2021 Is Democratic Leadership the Best Style of Leadership? [online] Available at: 13 Cram.com 2021 Whiplash Character Analysis - 1798 Words | Cram [online] Available at: 31 WORK DISTRIBUTION No Phase Tasks Members Finding videos Forming and inserting ideas Online meeting Preparation Choosing video Forming the main contents of the report Introduction Literature Review All members All members All members Trần Thị Hà Vi Ngô Duy Thái Trần Thị Hà Vi Finding and Analysis 1.1 Sources of Power Analysis on Terrence Fletcher’s Leadership Traits Report and Styles in Whiplash 1.2 Leadership Traits 1.3 Leadership Styles Evaluation of Phạm Thị Hồng Ngọc 2.1 Strengths Vi Đỗ Hân Đoàn Ngọc Minh Terrence Fletcher’s Leadership Styles 2.2 Limitations Trần Thị Hà Vi Recommendations Khuất Tuấn Cường Conclusion Trần Thị Hà Vi Assembling and Editing Phạm Thị Hồng Ngọc Making and Editing slides Đoàn Ngọc Minh Presentation Presenters Introduction Trần Thị Hà Vi 32 Finding and Analysis Phạm Thị Hồng Ngọc (in order) Vi Đỗ Hân Recommendations Ngô Duy Thái Conclusion Supporting during presentation Đoàn Ngọc Minh 33 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This assignment could not be completed without the guidance and lessons from our lecturer of Management, Mr Hoàng Anh Duy It is our pleasure to have an opportunity applying what we have learnt into a specific case of Leadership from the screenplay – The case of Whiplash We are grateful that we managed to complete this report on time We would also want to express our sincere gratitude to our group members for their effort and cooperation 34 ... Fletcher? ??s Leadership Traits Report and Styles in Whiplash 1.2 Leadership Traits 1.3 Leadership Styles Evaluation of Phạm Thị Hồng Ngọc 2.1 Strengths Vi Đỗ Hân Đoàn Ngọc Minh Terrence Fletcher? ??s Leadership. .. Khuất Tuấn Cường K 58- LOG-ANH 02 1915530511 Vi Đỗ Hân K 58- LOG-ANH 02 191553 080 3 Đoàn Ngọc Minh K 58- LOG-ANH 02 1915530714 Phạm Thị Hồng Ngọc K 58- LOG-ANH 01 1915530715 Ngô Duy Thái K 58- LOG-ANH 02 1915530542... Terrence Fletcher? ??s Leadership Traits and Styles 20 1.1 Sources of Power in Whiplash 20 1.2 Leadership Traits .20 1.3 Leadership Styles .22 Evaluation of Terrence Fletcher? ??s