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Tài liệu AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM ON TRADE RELATIONS ppt

Tài liệu AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM ON TRADE RELATIONS ppt

Tài liệu AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM ON TRADE RELATIONS ppt

... and the substantiveeconomic provisions of: A. the Geneva Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms AgainstUnauthorized Duplication of their Phonograms, 1971 (Geneva Convention);B. ... (ParisConvention);D. the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, 1978(UPOV Convention (1978)), or the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, ... International Convention for the Protection of Performers,Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, the UPOV Convention (1978), the UPOV Convention (1991) or the Treaty on Intellectual...
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Some register features in agreement between the united states of america and the socialist republic of vietnam on trade relations = một số đặc điểm ngữ vực trong hiệp định thương mại việt   mỹ

Some register features in agreement between the united states of america and the socialist republic of vietnam on trade relations = một số đặc điểm ngữ vực trong hiệp định thương mại việt mỹ

... =Summary of graduation thesisSome Register Features in Agreement between the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on Trade Relations ( một số đặc điểm ngữ vực trong hiệp ... sayEt.al: and othersWTO: World Trade OrganizationASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations Vietnam: The Socialist Republic of Vietnam U.S : The United States of America iiiTABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgement ... economydevelopment. Therefore, we have decided to choose ’Some Register Featuresin Agreement between the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on Trade Relations to be the theme of...
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agreement between the united states of america and the socialist republic of vietnam on trade relations

agreement between the united states of america and the socialist republic of vietnam on trade relations

... 6 AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM ON TRADE RELATIONS The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Socialist Republic ... submission of the dispute by a national or companyunder sub-paragraph 3.A shall satisfy the requirement of: A. Article II of the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign ... transportation, distribution, storage and use of products in the domesticmarket; and F. the application of quantitative restrictions and the granting of licenses.2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of...
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Tài liệu Captain Sir Richard F. Burton''''s Vikram and The Vampire Classic Hindu Tales of Adventure ppt

Tài liệu Captain Sir Richard F. Burton''''s Vikram and The Vampire Classic Hindu Tales of Adventure ppt

... and escaped all hurt, though he staggered with the violence of the blow. And thus they continued attacking each other, parrying and replying, till their breath failed them and their hands and ... gates, and made him stand near the cross. Then the messengers of death arrived from the palace, and the executioners began to nail his limbs. He bore the agony with the fortitude of the brave; ... Presently the moon shone full upon Randhir and his band of archers, who were advancing quickly and carelessly, for they expected to catch the robbers in their cave. The captain allowed them to...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Activation loop 3 and the 170 loop interact in the active conformation of coagulation factor VIIa pdf

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Activation loop 3 and the 170 loop interact in the active conformation of coagulation factor VIIa pdf

... site region and the S1pocket, whereas the intramolecular connections, forinstance between the TF-binding region and the activesite and between the TF-binding region and the activa-tion domain, ... presentin the active conformation of both the free and TF-bound form, rather than shifting the equilibrium between the zymogen-like and active conformations, and is in agreement with the HX-MS ... included in the pub-lished alanine scanning mutagenesis study of FVIIa[13], and investigated the effects of the mutation on the enzymatic maturation of FVIIa and on the response of FVIIa to...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Second messenger function and the structure–activity relationship of cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR) doc

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Second messenger function and the structure–activity relationship of cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR) doc

... diphospho-bridge, as theycan be replaced by much simpler ether strands. Theseether strands mimic the distance between the nucleo-base and the diphospho-bridge, but on the other handlikely are involved ... cyclization between the anomericC1 of this ribose moiety (commonly termed ‘northernribose’ while the ribose linked to N9 of adenine iscalled the ‘southern’ ribose; Fig. 1) and the N1 of the adenine ... individual contribu-tion of each of these nucleotides to the regulation of Ca2+entry under physiological conditions, e.g. with-out washout of endogenous intracellular compounds,will require further...
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISION ppt

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISION ppt

... TelefaxNo.DanaCarreraNo.94C4094JUdgecastilloPlaintiffsDefendant.vs.SelmaS.BUYCKS-ROBERSON,)ReneeBROOKS and CalvinROBERSON) on behalf of themselves and )otherssimilarlysituated,))))))))))))CITIBANKFEDERALSAVINGSBANK,IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICTCOURTFOR THE NORTHERNDISTRICT OF ILLINOISEASTERNDIVISIONSECONDAMENDEDCOMPLAINTPlaintiffsSelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooks and CalvinR.Roberson, on behalf of themselves and otherssimilarlysituated,by and throughtheirattorneys,makethisSecondAmendedComplaintagainstDefendant,citibankFederalSavingsBank("Citibank").NATURE OF THE ACTION1.ThisisacivilactionbroughtbySelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooks and CalvinR.Roberson on behalf of themselves and allotherAfrican-Americanswhosehomeloanapplicationstocitibankoriginatedfrom the Chicagometropolitanarea and whoseapplicationswererejectedbecause of theirraceorcolororbecause of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated.Thisactionseeksinjunctiverelief and monetarydamagesforviolations of 42u.S.C.§§1981 and 1982;42U.S.C.§3605 and 15U.S.C.§169l(a).JURISDICTION AND VENUE2.Jurisdiction of thiscourtarisesunder28U.S.C.§1343(a)(4),42U.S.C.§3613(a)(1)(A) and 15U.S.C.§1691e(f).3.Venueisproperin the NorthernDistrict of Illinoissincesome of the acts and transactionscomplained of occurredinthisdistrict. THE PARTIES4.PlaintiffSelmaS.Buycks-RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizen of the united States whoresidesinBroadview,Illinois.5.PlaintiffReneeBrooksisanAfrican-Americancitizen of the united States whoresidesinChicago,Illinois.6.PlaintiffCalvinR.RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizen of the united States whoresidesinChicago,Illinois.7.Defendantcitibankisafederalsavingsbankthatoffersresidentialmortgageloans("homeloans").CLASSACTIONSALLEGATIONS8.(a)Plaintiffsarecitibankhomeloanapplicants;theybringthisaction on behalf of themselves and allotherAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantssimilarlysituated.ThisactionisbroughtasaclassactionpursuanttoRule23(b)(2) and Rule23(b)(3) of the FederalRules of CivilProcedure.(b) The classconsists of allAfrican-Americanswhofiledapplicationsforhomeloanstocitibank and wererejected on orafterJuly6,1992becausetheyareAfrican-American and/ or2because the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocatedwaspredominantlyAfrican-American.(c) The classissonumerousthatjoinder of allpersonsisimpracticable.Plaintiffsareinformed and believethatmanyhomeloanapplicationstoDefendantbyAfrican-Americanswereillegallyrejected. On information and belief,Defendantrejected the homeloanapplications of manydozens of African-Americanapplicantsbecause of theirraceorcolor, and/ orbecause of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated.(d)Plaintiffswillfairly and adequatelyprotect the interests of allclassmembers,astheyaremembers of the class and theirclaimsaretypical of the claims of allclassmembers.Plaintiffsareincensedby the treatmenttheyhavereceived and willaggressivelypursuetheiraswellas the class'sinterests.Plaintiffs'interestsinobtaininginjunctiverelief and monetarydamagesfor the violations of the above-mentionedfederalstatutesareconsistentwith and notantagonistictothose of anypersonwithin the class.(e) The commonquestions of law and factinclude:(i)whetherDefendanthadapolicy,practiceorproceduretorejecthomeloanapplications on the basis of the applicants'raceor on the basis of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated;(ii)whether the conductallegedhereinisinviolation of Title42U.S.C.§§1981 and 1982;42U.S.C.§3605 and 15U.S.C.3§1691(a); and (iii)whetherPlaintiffsareentitledtoanaward of actual,compensatoryorpunitivedamages.(f) The wrongfulconductallegedhereinhasbeentakengenerallyagainstallmembers of the classinthatAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantshavehadtheirloanapplicationsrejected on the basis of theirraceorcolor,orbecause of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated,orboth,pursuantto the policies,practicesorprocedures of Defendant.(g) The commonquestions of fact and lawpredominateoverquestionsaffectingonlyindividualclassmembers.(h)Aclassactionissuperiortootheravailablemethodsfor the fair and efficientadjudication of the controversyinthat:(i)amUltiplicity of suitswithconsequentburden on the courts and Defendantshouldbeavoided; and (ii)itwouldbeundulyburdensomeforallclassmemberstointerveneasparties-plaintiffsinthisaction. THE FACTSMs.Buycks-Roberson9. On oraboutApril4,1992,PlaintiffSelmaBuycks-Robersonappliedforahomeloan of approximately$43,700fromcitibank.10. The purpose of the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgage of approximately$43,500 on Ms.Buycks-Roberson'shome,locatedat2057South25thAvenueinBroadview,Illinois.11. The propertythatMs.Buycks-Robersonattemptedtorefinanceislocatedinaneighborhoodinwhich the African-4Americanrepresentationisgrowing and currentlyconstitutesoverfiftypercent(50%) of thatneighborhood'spopulation.12.Ms.Buycks-Robersonprovidedtocitibankextensivefinancialdocumentationconcerningherfinancialability and the property,includingdocumentsshowingannualincome of over$47,000.13. On oraboutApril28,1992,Ms.Buycks-RobersonreceivedfromDefendantcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecause of delinquentcreditobligations and otheradversecredit.14. On June19,1992,Ms.'Buycks-Robersonreappliedfor the homeloan, and againprovidedtocitibankextensivefinancial.documentationconcerningherannualincome,financialability and additionalinformationconcerninghercreditworthiness.15. On orafterJuly10,1992,Ms.Buycks-Robersonreceivedfromcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseher"income[did]notsupport the amount of creditrequested."16.Ms.Buycks-Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanshesoughtfromcitibank.Ms.Brooks17. On oraboutNovember25,1993,PlaintiffReneeBrooksappliedforahomeloan of approximately$95,000fromcitibank.18.Ms.BrooksprovidedCitibankwithalldocumentationthatCitibankrequired.519. The purpose of the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgage of approximately$95,000 on Ms.Brooks'scondominium,locatedat5000SouthCornellStreetinChicago,Illinois.20. The propertythatMs.BrooksattemptedtorefinanceislocatedinaneighborhoodinwhichthereisasignificantAfrican-Americanpopulation.21. On oraboutMarch8,1994,Ms.Brooks'sapplicationforahomeloanwasdenied on the groundsthatshehadinadequatecollateral, and on the groundsthatshehadsubmittedanincompleteapplication.22.Ms.Brookswasqualifiedtoreceive the homeloanshesoughtfrom'citibank.Mr.Roberson23. On oraboutJuly9,1993,PlaintiffCalvinRobersonappliedforahomeloan of approximately$43,000fromcitibank.24. The purpose of the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgage of approximately$43,000 on Mr.Roberson'shome,locatedat2847West85thStreetinChicago,Illinois.25. The propertywhichMr.Robersonattemptedtorefinanceisloc~tedinaneighborhoodinwhich the African-Americanrepresentationisgrowing.26.Mr.Robersonprovidedcitibankwithalldocumentationthatcitibankrequested,includingdocumentsshowinganannualincome of approximately$69,000fromhismanagementpositionatAT&T, and the equityinhishomevaluedatapproximately$75,000.Mr.Robersonalsoprovided"documentationshowingadditionalliquidassetswellinexcess of the amount of the loanrequested.6Mr.Roberson'sincomewasmorethansufficienttoenablehimtomeethiscreditobligations.27.' On oraboutJuly9,1993,Mr.Robersonreceivedaletterfrom'citibank,denyinghisapplicationforrefinancing on the groundsthatitwas"incomplete," and on the groundsthatDefendantcitibankdidnot"makethistype of loan.".28.Mr.Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanhesoughtfromcitibank.COUNTIEQUALCREDIT ... TelefaxNo.DanaCarreraNo.94C4094JUdgecastilloPlaintiffsDefendant.vs.SelmaS.BUYCKS-ROBERSON,)ReneeBROOKS and CalvinROBERSON) on behalf of themselves and )otherssimilarlysituated,))))))))))))CITIBANKFEDERALSAVINGSBANK,IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICTCOURTFOR THE NORTHERNDISTRICT OF ILLINOISEASTERNDIVISIONSECONDAMENDEDCOMPLAINTPlaintiffsSelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooks and CalvinR.Roberson, on behalf of themselves and otherssimilarlysituated,by and throughtheirattorneys,makethisSecondAmendedComplaintagainstDefendant,citibankFederalSavingsBank("Citibank").NATURE OF THE ACTION1.ThisisacivilactionbroughtbySelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooks and CalvinR.Roberson on behalf of themselves and allotherAfrican-Americanswhosehomeloanapplicationstocitibankoriginatedfrom the Chicagometropolitanarea and whoseapplicationswererejectedbecause of theirraceorcolororbecause of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated.Thisactionseeksinjunctiverelief and monetarydamagesforviolations of 42u.S.C.§§1981 and 1982;42U.S.C.§3605 and 15U.S.C.§169l(a).JURISDICTION AND VENUE2.Jurisdiction of thiscourtarisesunder28U.S.C.§1343(a)(4),42U.S.C.§3613(a)(1)(A) and 15U.S.C.§1691e(f).3.Venueisproperin the NorthernDistrict of Illinoissincesome of the acts and transactionscomplained of occurredinthisdistrict. THE PARTIES4.PlaintiffSelmaS.Buycks-RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizen of the united States whoresidesinBroadview,Illinois.5.PlaintiffReneeBrooksisanAfrican-Americancitizen of the united States whoresidesinChicago,Illinois.6.PlaintiffCalvinR.RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizen of the united States whoresidesinChicago,Illinois.7.Defendantcitibankisafederalsavingsbankthatoffersresidentialmortgageloans("homeloans").CLASSACTIONSALLEGATIONS8.(a)Plaintiffsarecitibankhomeloanapplicants;theybringthisaction on behalf of themselves and allotherAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantssimilarlysituated.ThisactionisbroughtasaclassactionpursuanttoRule23(b)(2) and Rule23(b)(3) of the FederalRules of CivilProcedure.(b) The classconsists of allAfrican-Americanswhofiledapplicationsforhomeloanstocitibank and wererejected on orafterJuly6,1992becausetheyareAfrican-American and/ or2because the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocatedwaspredominantlyAfrican-American.(c) The classissonumerousthatjoinder of allpersonsisimpracticable.Plaintiffsareinformed and believethatmanyhomeloanapplicationstoDefendantbyAfrican-Americanswereillegallyrejected. On information and belief,Defendantrejected the homeloanapplications of manydozens of African-Americanapplicantsbecause of theirraceorcolor, and/ orbecause of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated.(d)Plaintiffswillfairly and adequatelyprotect the interests of allclassmembers,astheyaremembers of the class and theirclaimsaretypical of the claims of allclassmembers.Plaintiffsareincensedby the treatmenttheyhavereceived and willaggressivelypursuetheiraswellas the class'sinterests.Plaintiffs'interestsinobtaininginjunctiverelief and monetarydamagesfor the violations of the above-mentionedfederalstatutesareconsistentwith and notantagonistictothose of anypersonwithin the class.(e) The commonquestions of law and factinclude:(i)whetherDefendanthadapolicy,practiceorproceduretorejecthomeloanapplications on the basis of the applicants'raceor on the basis of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated;(ii)whether the conductallegedhereinisinviolation of Title42U.S.C.§§1981 and 1982;42U.S.C.§3605 and 15U.S.C.3§1691(a); and (iii)whetherPlaintiffsareentitledtoanaward of actual,compensatoryorpunitivedamages.(f) The wrongfulconductallegedhereinhasbeentakengenerallyagainstallmembers of the classinthatAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantshavehadtheirloanapplicationsrejected on the basis of theirraceorcolor,orbecause of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated,orboth,pursuantto the policies,practicesorprocedures of Defendant.(g) The commonquestions of fact and lawpredominateoverquestionsaffectingonlyindividualclassmembers.(h)Aclassactionissuperiortootheravailablemethodsfor the fair and efficientadjudication of the controversyinthat:(i)amUltiplicity of suitswithconsequentburden on the courts and Defendantshouldbeavoided; and (ii)itwouldbeundulyburdensomeforallclassmemberstointerveneasparties-plaintiffsinthisaction. THE FACTSMs.Buycks-Roberson9. On oraboutApril4,1992,PlaintiffSelmaBuycks-Robersonappliedforahomeloan of approximately$43,700fromcitibank.10. The purpose of the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgage of approximately$43,500 on Ms.Buycks-Roberson'shome,locatedat2057South25thAvenueinBroadview,Illinois.11. The propertythatMs.Buycks-Robersonattemptedtorefinanceislocatedinaneighborhoodinwhich the African-4Americanrepresentationisgrowing and currentlyconstitutesoverfiftypercent(50%) of thatneighborhood'spopulation.12.Ms.Buycks-Robersonprovidedtocitibankextensivefinancialdocumentationconcerningherfinancialability and the property,includingdocumentsshowingannualincome of over$47,000.13. On oraboutApril28,1992,Ms.Buycks-RobersonreceivedfromDefendantcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecause of delinquentcreditobligations and otheradversecredit.14. On June19,1992,Ms.'Buycks-Robersonreappliedfor the homeloan, and againprovidedtocitibankextensivefinancial.documentationconcerningherannualincome,financialability and additionalinformationconcerninghercreditworthiness.15. On orafterJuly10,1992,Ms.Buycks-Robersonreceivedfromcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseher"income[did]notsupport the amount of creditrequested."16.Ms.Buycks-Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanshesoughtfromcitibank.Ms.Brooks17. On oraboutNovember25,1993,PlaintiffReneeBrooksappliedforahomeloan of approximately$95,000fromcitibank.18.Ms.BrooksprovidedCitibankwithalldocumentationthatCitibankrequired.519. The purpose of the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgage of approximately$95,000 on Ms.Brooks'scondominium,locatedat5000SouthCornellStreetinChicago,Illinois.20. The propertythatMs.BrooksattemptedtorefinanceislocatedinaneighborhoodinwhichthereisasignificantAfrican-Americanpopulation.21. On oraboutMarch8,1994,Ms.Brooks'sapplicationforahomeloanwasdenied on the groundsthatshehadinadequatecollateral, and on the groundsthatshehadsubmittedanincompleteapplication.22.Ms.Brookswasqualifiedtoreceive the homeloanshesoughtfrom'citibank.Mr.Roberson23. On oraboutJuly9,1993,PlaintiffCalvinRobersonappliedforahomeloan of approximately$43,000fromcitibank.24. The purpose of the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgage of approximately$43,000 on Mr.Roberson'shome,locatedat2847West85thStreetinChicago,Illinois.25. The propertywhichMr.Robersonattemptedtorefinanceisloc~tedinaneighborhoodinwhich the African-Americanrepresentationisgrowing.26.Mr.Robersonprovidedcitibankwithalldocumentationthatcitibankrequested,includingdocumentsshowinganannualincome of approximately$69,000fromhismanagementpositionatAT&T, and the equityinhishomevaluedatapproximately$75,000.Mr.Robersonalsoprovided"documentationshowingadditionalliquidassetswellinexcess of the amount of the loanrequested.6Mr.Roberson'sincomewasmorethansufficienttoenablehimtomeethiscreditobligations.27.' On oraboutJuly9,1993,Mr.Robersonreceivedaletterfrom'citibank,denyinghisapplicationforrefinancing on the groundsthatitwas"incomplete," and on the groundsthatDefendantcitibankdidnot"makethistype of loan.".28.Mr.Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanhesoughtfromcitibank.COUNTIEQUALCREDIT ... TelefaxNo.DanaCarreraNo.94C4094JUdgecastilloPlaintiffsDefendant.vs.SelmaS.BUYCKS-ROBERSON,)ReneeBROOKS and CalvinROBERSON) on behalf of themselves and )otherssimilarlysituated,))))))))))))CITIBANKFEDERALSAVINGSBANK,IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICTCOURTFOR THE NORTHERNDISTRICT OF ILLINOISEASTERNDIVISIONSECONDAMENDEDCOMPLAINTPlaintiffsSelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooks and CalvinR.Roberson, on behalf of themselves and otherssimilarlysituated,by and throughtheirattorneys,makethisSecondAmendedComplaintagainstDefendant,citibankFederalSavingsBank("Citibank").NATURE OF THE ACTION1.ThisisacivilactionbroughtbySelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooks and CalvinR.Roberson on behalf of themselves and allotherAfrican-Americanswhosehomeloanapplicationstocitibankoriginatedfrom the Chicagometropolitanarea and whoseapplicationswererejectedbecause of theirraceorcolororbecause of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated.Thisactionseeksinjunctiverelief and monetarydamagesforviolations of 42u.S.C.§§1981 and 1982;42U.S.C.§3605 and 15U.S.C.§169l(a).JURISDICTION AND VENUE2.Jurisdiction of thiscourtarisesunder28U.S.C.§1343(a)(4),42U.S.C.§3613(a)(1)(A) and 15U.S.C.§1691e(f).3.Venueisproperin the NorthernDistrict of Illinoissincesome of the acts and transactionscomplained of occurredinthisdistrict. THE PARTIES4.PlaintiffSelmaS.Buycks-RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizen of the united States whoresidesinBroadview,Illinois.5.PlaintiffReneeBrooksisanAfrican-Americancitizen of the united States whoresidesinChicago,Illinois.6.PlaintiffCalvinR.RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizen of the united States whoresidesinChicago,Illinois.7.Defendantcitibankisafederalsavingsbankthatoffersresidentialmortgageloans("homeloans").CLASSACTIONSALLEGATIONS8.(a)Plaintiffsarecitibankhomeloanapplicants;theybringthisaction on behalf of themselves and allotherAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantssimilarlysituated.ThisactionisbroughtasaclassactionpursuanttoRule23(b)(2) and Rule23(b)(3) of the FederalRules of CivilProcedure.(b) The classconsists of allAfrican-Americanswhofiledapplicationsforhomeloanstocitibank and wererejected on orafterJuly6,1992becausetheyareAfrican-American and/ or2because the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocatedwaspredominantlyAfrican-American.(c) The classissonumerousthatjoinder of allpersonsisimpracticable.Plaintiffsareinformed and believethatmanyhomeloanapplicationstoDefendantbyAfrican-Americanswereillegallyrejected. On information and belief,Defendantrejected the homeloanapplications of manydozens of African-Americanapplicantsbecause of theirraceorcolor, and/ orbecause of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated.(d)Plaintiffswillfairly and adequatelyprotect the interests of allclassmembers,astheyaremembers of the class and theirclaimsaretypical of the claims of allclassmembers.Plaintiffsareincensedby the treatmenttheyhavereceived and willaggressivelypursuetheiraswellas the class'sinterests.Plaintiffs'interestsinobtaininginjunctiverelief and monetarydamagesfor the violations of the above-mentionedfederalstatutesareconsistentwith and notantagonistictothose of anypersonwithin the class.(e) The commonquestions of law and factinclude:(i)whetherDefendanthadapolicy,practiceorproceduretorejecthomeloanapplications on the basis of the applicants'raceor on the basis of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated;(ii)whether the conductallegedhereinisinviolation of Title42U.S.C.§§1981 and 1982;42U.S.C.§3605 and 15U.S.C.3§1691(a); and (iii)whetherPlaintiffsareentitledtoanaward of actual,compensatoryorpunitivedamages.(f) The wrongfulconductallegedhereinhasbeentakengenerallyagainstallmembers of the classinthatAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantshavehadtheirloanapplicationsrejected on the basis of theirraceorcolor,orbecause of the racialcomposition of the neighborhoodsinwhichtheirpropertieswerelocated,orboth,pursuantto the policies,practicesorprocedures of Defendant.(g) The commonquestions of fact and lawpredominateoverquestionsaffectingonlyindividualclassmembers.(h)Aclassactionissuperiortootheravailablemethodsfor the fair and efficientadjudication of the controversyinthat:(i)amUltiplicity of suitswithconsequentburden on the courts and Defendantshouldbeavoided; and (ii)itwouldbeundulyburdensomeforallclassmemberstointerveneasparties-plaintiffsinthisaction. THE FACTSMs.Buycks-Roberson9. On oraboutApril4,1992,PlaintiffSelmaBuycks-Robersonappliedforahomeloan of approximately$43,700fromcitibank.10. The purpose of the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgage of approximately$43,500 on Ms.Buycks-Roberson'shome,locatedat2057South25thAvenueinBroadview,Illinois.11. The propertythatMs.Buycks-Robersonattemptedtorefinanceislocatedinaneighborhoodinwhich the African-4Americanrepresentationisgrowing and currentlyconstitutesoverfiftypercent(50%) of thatneighborhood'spopulation.12.Ms.Buycks-Robersonprovidedtocitibankextensivefinancialdocumentationconcerningherfinancialability and the property,includingdocumentsshowingannualincome of over$47,000.13. On oraboutApril28,1992,Ms.Buycks-RobersonreceivedfromDefendantcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecause of delinquentcreditobligations and otheradversecredit.14. On June19,1992,Ms.'Buycks-Robersonreappliedfor the homeloan, and againprovidedtocitibankextensivefinancial.documentationconcerningherannualincome,financialability and additionalinformationconcerninghercreditworthiness.15. On orafterJuly10,1992,Ms.Buycks-Robersonreceivedfromcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseher"income[did]notsupport the amount of creditrequested."16.Ms.Buycks-Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanshesoughtfromcitibank.Ms.Brooks17. On oraboutNovember25,1993,PlaintiffReneeBrooksappliedforahomeloan of approximately$95,000fromcitibank.18.Ms.BrooksprovidedCitibankwithalldocumentationthatCitibankrequired.519. The purpose of the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgage of approximately$95,000 on Ms.Brooks'scondominium,locatedat5000SouthCornellStreetinChicago,Illinois.20. The propertythatMs.BrooksattemptedtorefinanceislocatedinaneighborhoodinwhichthereisasignificantAfrican-Americanpopulation.21. On oraboutMarch8,1994,Ms.Brooks'sapplicationforahomeloanwasdenied on the groundsthatshehadinadequatecollateral, and on the groundsthatshehadsubmittedanincompleteapplication.22.Ms.Brookswasqualifiedtoreceive the homeloanshesoughtfrom'citibank.Mr.Roberson23. On oraboutJuly9,1993,PlaintiffCalvinRobersonappliedforahomeloan of approximately$43,000fromcitibank.24. The purpose of the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgage of approximately$43,000 on Mr.Roberson'shome,locatedat2847West85thStreetinChicago,Illinois.25. The propertywhichMr.Robersonattemptedtorefinanceisloc~tedinaneighborhoodinwhich the African-Americanrepresentationisgrowing.26.Mr.Robersonprovidedcitibankwithalldocumentationthatcitibankrequested,includingdocumentsshowinganannualincome of approximately$69,000fromhismanagementpositionatAT&T, and the equityinhishomevaluedatapproximately$75,000.Mr.Robersonalsoprovided"documentationshowingadditionalliquidassetswellinexcess of the amount of the loanrequested.6Mr.Roberson'sincomewasmorethansufficienttoenablehimtomeethiscreditobligations.27.' On oraboutJuly9,1993,Mr.Robersonreceivedaletterfrom'citibank,denyinghisapplicationforrefinancing on the groundsthatitwas"incomplete," and on the groundsthatDefendantcitibankdidnot"makethistype of loan.".28.Mr.Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanhesoughtfromcitibank.COUNTIEQUALCREDIT...
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THE FIRST BANK OF THE UNITED STATES - A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF CENTRAL BANKING pdf

THE FIRST BANK OF THE UNITED STATES - A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF CENTRAL BANKING pdf

... 2007.Stockholders of the Bank of the United States. “Proceedings of the Stockholders of the Bank of the United States Preparatory to the Creation of a Trust for Closing the Concerns of That Institution,” ... signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution, transferring 42 shares of Bank of the United States stock to Joseph Ball on October ... renewal of the charter and expansion of the bank’s capitalization to $30 million from $10 million. Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804)Alexander Hamilton was born on the island of Nevis in the British...
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